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	Kronstadt rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kronstadt rebellion was an unsuccessful uprising of Soviet sailors against the government of the early Russian SFSR.
		Traditionally, Kronstadt has served as the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet and as a guardpost for the approaches to Saint Petersburg (later Petrograd, then Leningrad, and then St. Petersburg again, as it is now) thirty-five miles away.
		It echoed the rebellion at Kronstadt, with the crew voting unanimously for action and that at least half of the officers had decided to back the ship's 30 year-old commander Valery Sablin in his revolt against the authorities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kronstadt_Rebellion (1604 words)

	Hue and Cry Over Kronstadt By Leon Trotsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Among the Kronstadt sailors there were three political layers: the proletarian revolutionists, some with a serious past and training; the intermediate majority, mainly peasant in origin; and finally, the reactionaries, sons of kulaks, shopkeepers, and priests.
		The political composition of the Kronstadt Soviet reflected the composition of the garrison and the crews.
		The political isolation of Kronstadt; was the cause of its internal uncertainty and its military defeat.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/russia/kronstadt/trotsky_hue_cry.html (3986 words)

	The Kronstadt Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Despite their (mostly) peasant origins, Kronstadt soldiers and sailors "were probably the most literate, technically skilled and modern, the most ethnically Russian, least servile and the most disaffected of all Russia's armed forces," and hence relatively receptive to the radicals' messages and programs.
		The Kronstadters were presented with a stark choice between support for the Bolsheviks and their single-party dictatorship and support for the 'white' tsarist forces seeking a return to the old political order.
		Kronstadt's real and distinctive achievement was its Soviet democracy which, based on a universal application of the elective principle, rebuilt institution and filled all offices, military, naval and civilian, from top to bottom, by democratic elections in which all 'toilers' i.e.
	www.amherst.edu /~daschaich/writings/academic/kronstadt.html (3122 words)

	Kronstadt 1921
		Or in contrast to this, Kronstadt is seen by some as the symbol of the counter-revolution (not even this is true), opposed to the movement towards socialism, which was trying to overcome a grave crisis, in the middle of mounting difficulties.
		The situation preceding the Kronstadt insurrection was characterised by the abysmal gulf which existed between what had been the hopes for the revolution, and the harsh situation which was deteriorating progressively at an objective level.
		Kronstadt is the consequence of the class struggle which is always present, and will be till communism exists; a class struggle carried to extremes.
	www.geocities.com /marxparty/eng/archives/Kronstadt.htm (10891 words)

	Kronstadt Mutiny
		Kronstadt is a naval base on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland, about 18 miles west of St Petersburg/Petrograd.
		On 16 May 1917, the Kronstadt Soviet declared independence from the Provisional Government – a move which infuriated Lenin, since the Bolsheviks were not yet ready to make their move, and he did not want anyone ‘jumping the gun’.
		Kronstadt sailors also turned out during the July Days to help the Bolsheviks try to overthrow the Provisional Government, 20,000 of them fought with the Bolshevik Red Guards who defeated Kornilov in August, and, they went to Petrograd again to help the Bolshevik coup d’état in November.
	www.johndclare.net /Russ8_Kronstadt.htm (773 words)

	What was the Kronstadt Rebellion? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kronstadt was (and is) a naval fortress on an island in the Gulf of Finland.
		The Kronstadt revolt was a non-violent one, but from the start the attitude of the authorities was not one of serious negotiation but rather one of delivering an ultimatum: either come to your senses or suffer the consequences.
		Kronstadt was the end result of four years of revolution and civil war, the product of the undermining of soviet democracy by a combination of Bolshevism and war.
	www.anarchistfaq.de /append42.html (17582 words)

	Berkman on the Kronstadt Rebellion
		The Kronstadt Izvestia reiterates this attitude and hope, and in the numerous articles and appeals it seeks to clarify its position towards the Bolsheviki and its aspiration to lay the foundation of a new, free life for itself and the rest of Russia.
		The Kronstadt movement for free Soviets was stifled in blood, while at the same time the Bolshevik Government was making compromises with European capitalists, signing the Riga peace, according to which a population of 12 millions was turned over to the mercies of Poland, and helping Turkish imperialism to suppress the republics of the Caucasus.
		Kronstadt personified the generous, all for-giving spirit of the Slavic soul and the century-old emancipation movement of Russia.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_archives/bright/berkman/kronstadt/berkkron.html (11047 words)

	Hue And Cry Over Kronstadt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This unanimity is all the more remarkable since the Anarchists defend, in the symbol of Kronstadt, genuine antistate communism; the Mensheviks, at the time of the Kronstadt uprising, stood openly for the restoration of capitalism; and Miliukov stands for capitalism even now.
		The Kronstadt uprising was only an episode in the history of the relations between the proletarian city and the petty-bourgeois village.
		Unless we are to deceive ourselves with pretentious slogans, false labels, etc., we shall see that the Kronstadt uprising was nothing but an armed reaction of the petty bourgeoisie against the hardships of social revolution and the severity of the proletarian dictatorship.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1938/1938-kronstadt.htm (3927 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Kronstadt rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The organisation, at the latest on 10th March 1921, of a Conference of non-Party workers, solders and sailors of Petrograd, Kronstadt and the Petrograd District.
		The Makhno anarchists, Kronstadt and the position of the Russian peasants in post-revolutionary Russia By A. Kramer A Marxist view of Kronstadt uprising and the material from the Soviet archives.
		Ida Mett's pamphlet of the Kronstadt Commune Originally published by Solidarity, UK Kronstadt Uprising was also an anarcho-punk band from Southend-on-Sea, Essex, UK during the 1980s.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Kronstadt_Uprising (1359 words)

	Kronstadt Uprising
		This was the elected President of the Kronstadt Workers', Soldiers' and Sailors Soviet.
		At Kronstadt all power is in the hands of the revolutionary sailors, of red soldiers and of workers.
		Lacking any qualified officers, the Kronstadt sailors did not know how to employ their artillery; there was, it is true, a former officer named Kozlovsky among them, but he did little and exercised no authority.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSkronstadt.htm (2062 words)

	Chapter 7: IN MEMORY OF THE KRONSTADT REVOLT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The commemoration of that date is equally painful for the toilers of all countries, for it brings back the memory of what the free workers and sailors of Kronstadt demanded of their Red executioner, the "Russian Communist Party," and its tool, the "Soviet" government, busy doing the Russian revolution to death.
		Kronstadt insisted of these statist hangmen that they hand back everything that belonged to the toilers of town and country, given that it was they who had carried out the revolution.
		It is hard to estimate the losses suffered by the Kronstadt defenders and of the blind mass of the Red Army, but we may rest assured that they numbered upwards of ten thousand dead.
	www.spunk.org /library/writers/makhno/sp001781/chap7.html (549 words)

	My Disillusionment in Russia – Ch 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When the Kronstadt sailors learned what was happening in Petrograd they expressed their solidarity with the strikers in their economic and revolutionary demands, but refused to support any call for the Constituent Assembly.
		On March 1st, the sailors organized a mass meeting in Kronstadt, which was attended also by the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Kalinin (the presiding officer of the Republic of Russia), the Commander of the Kronstadt Fortress, Kuzmin, and the Chairman of the Kronstadt Soviet, Vassiliev.
		Thus Kronstadt was "liquidated" and the "counterrevolutionary plot" quenched in blood.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/goldman/works/1920s/disillusionment/ch27.htm (2383 words)

	Kronstadt Takes Measures of Self Defense
		Kronstadt advanced its demands in the spirit of the Soviet Constitution.
		Kronstadt had to revolt for the Bolsheviks to discover a tsarist general in their very own "spets".
		The command of all forces destined to act against Kronstadt was given to Tukhachevsky, Commander of the 7th Army [and a former lieutenant in the tsarist army (Avrich, p.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mhuey/KRN/KRN.4.SelfDefense.html (1162 words)

	KRONSTADT - Online Information article about KRONSTADT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The eastern or broad end is occupied by the town of Kronstadt, and shoals extend for a mile and a See also:
		The town of Kronstadt is built on level ground, and is thus exposed to inundations, from one of which it suffered in 1824.
		Kronstadt was founded in 1710 by Peter the Great, who took the island of Kotlin from the Swedes in 1703, when the first fortifications were constructed.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /KRO_LAP/KRONSTADT.html (753 words)

	The End of Kronstadt
		In fact, Kronstadt's natural purpose was to be defender of Petrograd against foreign enemies attacking from the sea.
		The attack on Kronstadt from the rear was carried out by the Bolsheviks with stern conformation to a prepared plan.
		Kuzmin and Vasiliev, released by the chekists who had burst into Kronstadt, took part in the "liquidation" of the "mutiny." Still, the rebels' desperate resistance, and the merciless massacre, continued until late in the night of the 18th.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mhuey/KRN/KRN.15.End.html (1000 words)

	Translation of Izvestiia of the Kronstadt rebellion - 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In March of 1921 the naval town of Kronstadt, heart of the 1917 revolutions rose against the Bolshevik dictatorship.
		Their program is often distorted by Leninist parties today into one of counter revolution when in reality they stood in the real tradition of the October revolution.
		'The Kronstadt Commune' by Ida Mett is an excellant introduction to the background history of the rising and it's main events.
	www.struggle.ws /russia/izvestiia_krons1921.html (385 words)

	Kronstadt Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Though many Privates were initially shocked by Kronstadt's crude methods, some felt that the "ends" would justify these means: The backlash from the Great Purges (demoralizing the younger generation), worsening conditions on the Outer Boardz, demonstrations demanding more resources for the poor, the troubles in Downshaft,and increasing Underground activity, were all constant irritants.
		The solution was Kronstadt's promise to wield an iron fist in response to all the growing unrest and thereby bring order and stability back to The Quadrant.
		As Kronstadt's telelection machine rolls into high gear, many of the Elite perceive there is a real chance that he will win the Directorship, the ultimate seat of power and authority in The Quadrant.
	home.pon.net /qman/KronstadtPage.html (504 words)

	Hue and Cry Over Kronstadt
		His policy when in power differed in no way from the present policy of Stalin." As is known, the left Anarchists draw the same conclusion.
		At present in Kronstadt every kind of riffraff has raised its head." That was the real situation.
		Without this, "criticism" is reduced to sentimental lamentation of the pacifist kind in the spirit of Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, and their latest imitators.153 These gentlefolk do not have the slightest understanding of the criteria and methods of scientific research.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/classics/trotsky/hue_and_cry_kronstadt_trotsky.asp (3903 words)

	Crosswalk :: v1.2 :: Space Ships :: Interconnection (pt. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, now Kronstadt is in a state of transition as the systems that supported and maintained its splendour have disappeared.
		Our mission in Kronstadt in both projects was not to create an exhibition, or a permanent art space, but rather to create a creative atmosphere for art practice, and to open the debate about the possible role of art in activating interest in the local community.
		The experience of being resident in Kronstadt was not an end in itself, but part of an ongoing process.
	www.pipsworks.com /crosswalk/ships/ss_krons.html (938 words)

	The Kronstadt Rebellion, Feb 28 - Mar 18, 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Demands of the Kronstadt Insurgents, Expressed in the Resolution of the General Meeting of the Crews of the Ships of the Line
		To convene, not later than 1 March I92I, a non-party conference of workers, soldiers and sailors of Petrograd City, Kronstadt and Petrograd Province.
		To liberate all political prisoners of Socialist Parties, and also all workers, peasants, soldiers and sailors who have been imprisoned in connection with working-class and peasant movements.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob19.html (506 words)

	Life of St. John of Kronstadt
		Father John of Kronstadt, one of the most well known saints of recent history, possessed an evangelical fervour, and, above all, was 'flesh of the flesh' of the Orthodox tradition and of the faith and life of the Orthodox Church.
		Father John was an expressive and impressive preacher, an promoter of frequent communion, a man who moved the hearts of hardened sinners to repentance, a man with a great depth of love, and a spiritual healer.
		(The reader is refered to The Life of Father John of Kronstadt by Bishop Alexander, published by St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, as a good introduction to his life and as an outline of his spiritual message.
	www.balamand.edu.lb /theology/lifeofstjohnkrondstat.htm (676 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Reformation
		In 1529 the regular orders and the most vigorous champions of the Church were driven from the town.
		At Kronstadt the Lutheran preacher Johann Honter gained the ascendency in 1534, the Mass being abolished and Divine service organized after the Lutheran model.
		At a synod held iin 1544 the Saxon nation in Transylvania decided in favour of the Augsburg Confession, while the rural Magyars accepted Calvinism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12700b.htm (10530 words)

	KRONSTADT 2004
		The tiny islet you see surrounding it are manmade forts protecting the big fortress, which in turn protects the city.
		This is Kronstadt in 1887 and the arrow shows the site of the project Kronstadt 2004 Interconnection.
		The arrow shows our site again, but as you can see some new things have been added since 1887, as well as many blocks of flats and the splendid Naval Cathedral (completed 1913).
	www.kronstadt2004.org /kronstadt2.htm (130 words)

	Ida Mett on the Kronstadt rebellion of 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ida Mett on the Kronstadt rebellion of 1921
		'The Bolsheviks denounced the men of Kronstadt as counter-revolutionary mutineers, led by a White general.
		Brian Pearce (Historian of the Socialist Labour Leaque) in Labour Review, vol.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/russia/mett.html (90 words)

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