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	Kronstadt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kronstadt (Russian: Кроншта́дт), or Kronshtadt, Cronstadt (German: [Krone] for Crown and [Stadt] for City) is a strongly fortified Russian seaport town, located on Kotlin Island, near the head of the Gulf of Finland.
		Kronstadt was founded in 1710 by Peter the Great, who took the island of Kotlin from the Swedes in 1703, when the first fortifications were constructed.
		Kronstadt was thoroughly refortified in the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kronstadt,_Russia (970 words)

	The Kronstadt Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Despite their (mostly) peasant origins, Kronstadt soldiers and sailors "were probably the most literate, technically skilled and modern, the most ethnically Russian, least servile and the most disaffected of all Russia's armed forces," and hence relatively receptive to the radicals' messages and programs.
		The Kronstadters were presented with a stark choice between support for the Bolsheviks and their single-party dictatorship and support for the 'white' tsarist forces seeking a return to the old political order.
		Kronstadt's real and distinctive achievement was its Soviet democracy which, based on a universal application of the elective principle, rebuilt institution and filled all offices, military, naval and civilian, from top to bottom, by democratic elections in which all 'toilers' i.e.
	www.amherst.edu /~daschaich/writings/academic/kronstadt.html (3122 words)

	The Kronstadt Uprising of 1921 - Ida Mett \| libcom.org
		The Kronstadt Uprising of 1921 - Ida Mett
		The Kronstadt Uprising of 1921 - Ida Mett
		Ida Mett's history of the Kronstadt uprising highlights one of the most important yet neglected events of the Russian Revolution.
	libcom.org /library/the-kronstadt-uprising-ida-mett (170 words)

	Kronstadt 1921: the end of the Bolshevik Myth
		Politically, the climate in Kronstadt in 1917 was very close to the politics of the Socialist Revolutionary Maximalists, a left-wing split-off from the SR Party, politically located somewhere between the Left SRs and the Anarchists.
		The repression of Kronstadt, the suppression of the democracy of workers and soviets by the Russian Communist party, the elimination of the proletariat from the management of industry, and the introduction of the NEP, already signified the death of the Revolution." [Kronstadt Revolt, p.
		Kronstadt was the final nail in coffin of Leninist claims to be in favour of soviet democracy and power.
	anarchism.ws /writers/anarcho/history/russia/kronstadt.html (4205 words)

	Kronstadt 1921: An Analysis of Bolshevik Propaganda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Bolshevik attack on Kronstadt was little more than a drastic overreaction in the face of a perceived challenge to Bolshevik authority. It was inspired in large part by the dreadful Civil War, which had only ended in 1920 and had put Russia and the communists under a great deal of pressure.
		After the Kronstadt revolt had already been crushed, the Bolshevik authorities found themselves haunted by its memory. Rational observers soon dismissed the charges that the uprising was arranged by émigrés or White generals, and the bureaucrats needed new excuses for their actions.
		The Kronstadt Soviet was disbanded, never to reform. Absolute power was given to Pavel Dybenko, who was appointed commander of the fortress by the government. Throughout the rest of the world, horrified radicals were shattered by the fall of Kronstadt.
	www.amherst.edu /~daschaich/writings/academic/kronstadt1921.html (3222 words)

	What was the Kronstadt Rebellion? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Kronstadt was (and is) a naval fortress on an island in the Gulf of Finland.
		That, in a nutshell, was the Kronstadt revolt.
		Kronstadt was the end result of four years of revolution and civil war, the product of the undermining of soviet democracy by a combination of Bolshevism and war.
	anarchism.ws /faq/append42.html (18022 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen
		Russia seemed uncaring about the great discoveries as some ten years elapsed before Bellingshausens' works were even published, most of which remain untranslated.
		Russia was unimpressed with his circumnavigation of the continent and thus all interest in Terra Australis was abandoned until whaling fleets were sent to the south in 1946.
		Russia now claims that Bellingshausen was the true discoverer of the Antarctic mainland which, ironically, they failed to recognize for 100 years.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000073.htm (1087 words)

	Kronstadt. 300 years of its founding
		The town of Kronstadt is situated on the small island of Kotlin in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, 48 km west of Saint Petersburg.
		At Kronstadt, the pysicist Alexander Popov, then a lecturer of the Navy's Torpedo School, invented radio in 1895, and he was the first who use wireless for communicating with and between ships over long distances.
		After a while, Kronstadt was the scene of an unsuccessful rebellion of the sailors against the communist government of the early Soviet state in March 1921.
	www.nlr.ru /eng/exib/kronstadt (970 words)

	Pravda.RU:Kronstadt marks 300th anniversary of its foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Vladimir Putin is convinced that Kronstadt residents will preserve glorious traditions of their native town and contribute to its harmonious development.
		Some years ago Kronstadt, a port on the Island of Kotlin in the Gulf of Finland, was closed and now it hosts hundreds of foreign guests, who came to celebrate its anniversary.
		Kronstadt was founded by Peter the Great to protect St. Petersburg from the sea.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2004/05/22/54063_.html (178 words)

	Marxism No. 1, 2003 / www.socialist.ca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Kronstadt uprising of March 1921, and its repression on the order of the ruling Bolsheviks in workers’ Russia, is commonly cited as the definitive proof that socialist revolution along the lines argued and fought for by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky was really only bureaucratic repression in disguise.
		The repression of the Kronstadt uprising in 1921 by the Bolsheviks, was, as Trotsky described it, a "tragic necessity".
		Kronstadt sailors were at the political centre of an army composed largely of peasant recruits who had shifted very rapidly from reactionary political backgrounds and conservative social experiences, to Bolshevism.
	www.web.net /sworker/Journal/m2003/17-Kronstadt.html (5814 words)

	My Disillusionment in Russia
		Kronstadt is a town located on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland, 29 km north-west of St Petersburg.
		When the Kronstadt sailors learned what was happening in Petrograd they expressed their solidarity with the strikers in their economic and revolutionary demands, but refused to support any call for the Constituent Assembly.
		On March 1st, the sailors organized a mass meeting in Kronstadt, which was attended also by the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Kalinin (the presiding officer of the Republic of Russia), the Commander of the Kronstadt Fortress, Kuzmin, and the Chairman of the Kronstadt Soviet, Vassiliev.
	www.ditext.com /goldman/russia/ch27.html (2471 words)

	Amazon.com: Kronstadt: Books: V. I. Lenin,Leon Trotsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Kronstadt rebellion flared when it seemed the civil war was at a pause and the political and fighting capacities of the countries working people was near exhaustion.
		The real Kronstadt had tried to take advantage of their position as military to demand privileged conditions in a country where civil war and imperialist blockade had produced mass starvation.
		Kronstadt was the scene of an uprising against the Russian Revolution several years after the Bolsheviks led workers and peasants to overthrow capitalism.
	www.amazon.com /Kronstadt-V-I-Lenin/dp/0913460745 (1226 words)

	NIFCA.org :: Russia -- The National Centre of Photography,Kronstadt in St.Petersburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The art residence in Kronstadt is an emerging project of the National Centre of Photography, started in 2001 and funded by the Ministry of Culture.
		Kronstadt is located on an island in the Gulf of Finland some 30 km northwest of St. Petersburg.
		Kronstadt is known for its architecture, parks, engineering constructions and unique fortifications: It was one of the two fortresses built by Peter the Great to protect the new born St. Petersburg.
	www.nifca.org /residencies/locations/kronstadt.print (307 words)

	St. Petersburg 1900, Photo 1 Nearing Kronstadt, a Petersburg Travelogue by Bob Atchison
		Visas were required to visit Russia and these had to be applied for in person where there was a Russian consulate or Embassy.
		Train travel in Russia throughout the 19th century was legendary for its' clean and comfortable carriages manned by helpful and attentive attendants.
		Kronstadt and this entire area was seized by Peter the Great in his wars against Livonia and Sweden in the early 18th century.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /petersburg1900/1.html (498 words)

	Kronstadt rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kronstadt rebellion was an unsuccessful uprising of Soviet sailors, led by Stepan Petrichenko, against the government of the early Russian SFSR.
		Traditionally, Kronstadt has served as the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet and as a guardpost for the approaches to Saint Petersburg, 35 miles away.
		It echoed the rebellion at Kronstadt, with the crew voting unanimously for action and that at least half of the officers had decided to back the ship's 30 year-old commander Valery Sablin in his revolt against the authorities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion (2441 words)

	Kronstadt Uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This was the elected President of the Kronstadt Workers', Soldiers' and Sailors Soviet.
		At Kronstadt all power is in the hands of the revolutionary sailors, of red soldiers and of workers.
		Lacking any qualified officers, the Kronstadt sailors did not know how to employ their artillery; there was, it is true, a former officer named Kozlovsky among them, but he did little and exercised no authority.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSkronstadt.htm (2062 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 82009575
		This is the first major study of revolutionary Kronstadt to span the period from February 1917 to the uprising of March 1921.
		Professor Getzler argues that the Kronstadters' 'Third Revolution' of March 1921 was a desperate attempt at a restoration of that Soviet democracy which they believed had been taken from them by Bolshevik 'commissarocracy'.
		Chairman of the Kronstadt Soviet in 1917 and chief editor of its Izvestiia, Lamanov became the ideologist of the 1921 uprising and was soon after executed as a 'counter-revolutionary'.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam022/82009575.html (202 words)

	The Makhno anarchists, Kronstadt and the position of the Russian peasants in post-revolutionary Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		When the October Revolution took place in 1917, Russia was an undeveloped and agrarian country, with peasants comprising 86% of the population.
		The Kronstadt “rebellion” of March 1921 was also an expression of the conflict between the Soviet state and the peasantry.
		But Kronstadt stands out amongst them due to its important strategic location and the mythology that was created around it after the event had taken place.
	www.marxist.com /makhno-anarchists-kronstadt-russia.htm (2629 words)

	Documents Relating to the Former Soviet Union, Russia, and the Newly Independent Countries
		Russia and the Former Soviet Republics Maps, The Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, The University of Texas at Austin
		Botkine, Pierre, "A Voice for Russia," By the Secretary of the Russian Legation.
		Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Roald Sagdeev and Andrei Kortunov
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/russia.htm (1447 words)

	Pyotr Kapitsa Biography \| World of Physics
		Kapitsa's research on magnetism at the Polytechnic Institute occurred in the midst of the collapse of czarist Russia and the turmoil of the Bolshevik Revolution.
		A series of confrontations between Kapitsa and authorities in Russia followed, while Rutherford and others in England were unable to contact him and their inquiries to the government went unanswered.
		He protested the pollution of Lake Baikal from nearby pulp mills, called for the abolition of the death penalty in Soviet Russia, and denounced the detainment of Soviet scientists.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/pyotr-kapitsa-wop (1931 words)

	John of Kronstadt - OrthodoxWiki
		Our righteous father John of Kronstadt (October 19, 1829 in Sura - December 20, 1908 in Kronstadt) was an archpriest of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		He was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia in 1964 and by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1990.
		The second largest monastery in St. Petersburg (by community size) is dedicated to St. John of Kronstadt.
	orthodoxwiki.org /John_of_Kronstadt (450 words)

	Russian Royal Family - Prophecies Of The God Anointed Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II And Family
		Father Mitrofan Srebrianski the spiritual Father of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth, spoke to her, because he had a dream before the 1917 Revolution in Russia.
		He indicated that the dominance of revolutionary ideas would be prolonged, that there would be innumerable casualties of the Revolution, rivers of blood, the woe and misfortune of the entire population.
		The deliverance of Russia from the Red yoke Father John prophesied as being from the East.
	www.serfes.org /royal/propheciesoftsar.htm (1315 words)

	Kronstadt 1921: the end of the Bolshevik Myth - Russia / Ukraine / Belarus History - Anarkismo
		Kronstadt 1921: the end of the Bolshevik Myth - Russia / Ukraine / Belarus History - Anarkismo
		Kronstadt 1921: the end of the Bolshevik Myth M20 1:48pm
		Unless otherwise stated by the author, all content is free for non-commercial reuse, reprint, and rebroadcast, on the net and elsewhere.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=2654 (4331 words)

	Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Pyotr Kapitsa was born on July 8, 1894, in Kronstadt near St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and was raised in Tsaritsyn (Volgorad).
		He obtained his education in the physical sciences and engineering at the high school of Kronstadt and at the Polytechnic Institute of Petrograd (St. Petersburg), from which he graduated in 1918.
		Kapitsa and his wife traveled to the Soviet Union (Russia) several times, but in the fall of 1934 their exit visas were unexpectedly canceled.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/pyotr-leonidovich-kapitsa (1041 words)

	KevOs4 Special Features, Interviews, and Trip Photos
		Kronstadt was under siege by the Germans during WWII but never fell.
		The fortresses in Kronstadt were damaged by the German artillery and aircraft, especially Stuka dive bombers, and this damage is still evident today.
		Kronstadt has so much history and is really a beautiful little town.
	www.kevos4.com /Special_Features.htm (1536 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Russia launches production of diesel-electric submarines
		Russia to exhibit modern aircraft at Chinese air show
		Russia, U.S. to sign 2007 military cooperation plan
		Fleet Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov, commander-in-chief of the Russian Navy, said submarines from the new project, coded 677, would have a number of advantages.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20050726/40977730.html (217 words)

	Album: Kronstadt - Orekhovo, Russia - photo pictures,russia forest gulf finland russia
		Album: Kronstadt - Orekhovo, Russia - photo pictures,russia forest gulf finland russia
		Kronstadt - Orekhovo, Russia, August 3 - 4, 2001
		Novgorod - Sestroretsk, Russia, August 1 - 2, 2001
	www.asergeev.com /pictures/archives/2001/218/browser.htm (112 words)

	Orthodox Poetry By St. John Of Kronstadt
		John was a parish priest in Kronstadt, Russia, and during his pastoral life he wrote a book called "My Life In Christ".
		This famous spiritually rewarding book is not only read by bishops, and priest, as well as the monastics, but also by laymen who are seeking to find their lives in Christ our Lord.
		I would like to humbly share with you a poem written by St. John of Kronstadt:
	www.serfes.org /poetry/PoetrybyStJohn.htm (96 words)

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