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Topic: Krusevo Manifesto

	Sample Chapter for Brown, K.: The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation.
		The town of Krusevo came to be marked as the uprising's symbolic epicenter, and its residents took pride in national recognition of their town's distinctive heritage.
		Krusevo was additionally celebrated for the activities of its defenders during the Ilinden Uprising.
		Krusevo is known, first and foremost, as a Vlah town, as it has been since the peak of its prosperity in the nineteenth century.
	press.princeton.edu /chapters/s7555.html (8969 words)

	ssport.net - Macedonian News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He said that the organization of Krusevo Republic determine it as holder of legitimate authority in that part of Macedonia, where Krusevo Manifesto had special role.
		The Manifesto says that the fight is against tyranny and violence and not against the Turks," Popovski said.
		According to him, Krusevo Republic was first one on the Balkans and remains a symbol of all generations in contemporary sovereign Macedonia, which declares the citizens' rights.
	www.jeack.com.au /~bitola/newsmak117.html (500 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2002074873
		The town of Krusevo came to be marked as the uprising's symbolic epicenter, and its residents took pride in national recognition of their town's distinctive heritage.
		Krusevo was additionally celebrated for the activities of its defenders during the Ilinden Uprising.
		Krusevo is known, first and foremost, as a Vlah town, as it has been since the peak of its prosperity in the nineteenth century.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/prin031/2002074873.html (8942 words)

	Macedonia: end of the beginning or beginning of the end? - Encyclopedia.com
		In August 1903, a Macedonian uprising resulted in the attempted establishment of the fabled Krusevo Republic.
		That 30,000 rebels held off a formidable Turkish force of 300,000 and established a democratic commune of the Krusevo Republic was in itself an ultimate act of defiance against the Ottoman Empire.
		Its manifesto is unwritten and therefore not widely known.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-107216060.html (6803 words)

	The Ilinden Uprising
		Krusevo was liberated by an organised attack on the military barracks, postal offices, municipality and other objects of significance.
		The Krusevo Manifesto was also procliamed, which represented the declaration of the goals and objectives of the revolutionists of Krusevo and their democratic aspirations of conformity amongst the peoples.
		The Turkish basibozuk slaughtered the inhabitants of Krusevo and a campaign to cleanse the rebels was launched which lasted three months.
	www.soros.org.mk /konkurs/058/ilind_uprsng.htm (464 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Nikola Karev
		The towns of Krusevo, Nevska and Klisura were captured.
		They proclaimed the Krusevo Republic, which was the first ever in the Balkans.
		The Turkish government was so shocked and surprised by the uprising that they took extraordinary military measures to quash the new republic: 176,000 soldiers, 3,700 mounted troops and 444 cannon's were sent to Macedonia.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Nikola_Karev (546 words)

	AE book review search
		By doing so, the author is able to go beyond the anthropological “literary turn” by offering the reader brilliant ethnographic evidence of the rhetorical construction not only of any writings on identities but also of social reality itself.
		The short-lived “Krusevo Republic” and its Manifesto in time came to be literally crowded with conflicting meanings stemming from distinct memories of those days.
		In chapters 7 and 8 Brown recounts the story of the construction of the Ilinden monument in Krusevo, opened in 1974, and the negative reaction to its abstractness by townspeople, who erected a more figurative monument.
	www.aaanet.org /aes/bkreviews/result_print.cfm?bk_id=3108 (737 words)

	THE ILINDEN UPRISING AND THE KRUSEVO REPUBLIC
		The towns of Krusevo, Nevska and Klisura were captured.
		They proclaimed the Krusevo Republic, which was the first ever in the Balkans.
		After fierce and heroic battles near Sliva and Meckin Kamen, the Turkish forces managed to destroy the Krusevo Republic and showed their customary cruelty in dealing with the rebels in Krusevo and other places.
	www.cybermacedonia.com /iliupris.html (542 words)

	Nikola Karev Information
		The towns of Krusevo, Neveska and Klisura were captured.
		On 3 August 1903, the rebels captured the town of Krusevo and established a revolutionary government, proclaiming the Krusevo Republic - which was the first modern day republic in the Balkans.
		The Turkish government was surprised by the uprising, taking extraordinary military measures to surpress it: 176,000 soldiers, 3,700 mounted troops and 444 cannons were sent to Macedonia.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Nikola_Karev (621 words)

	Balkanalysis.com » Blog Archives » The Bloody Road from Krusevo to Mürzsteg
		In the aftermath of the spectacular failure of the Krusevo Republic, the French ambassador in St. Petersburg, M. Maurice Bompard, stressed that France wanted “to take a more active part” in Balkan affairs.
		On November 25, the Turks, who had been blasted by criticism over their heavy-handed response to the Krusevo uprising, reluctantly accepted the nine points of what came to be known as the Mürzsteg Program.
		Boris Saravov called the program the establishment of “the Austro-Russian protectorate.” Krste Tatarchev called for the recall of Hilmi Pasha, who he regarded as “too docile [in tolerating] massacres.” Despite the failure of the summer offensive in Krusevo, the IMRO did not disarm and continued to solicit funds for a renewed insurgency.
	www.balkanalysis.com /2006/03/22/the-bloody-road-from-krusevo-to-murzsteg (2941 words)

	Religion and Law Research Consortium
		This situation was preceded by a number of violent incidents, such as the Ilinden revolt, in which the Bulgarians claim to have revolted against the Turks on 2 August 1903 at Krusevo, a town near Monastir whose ethnic composition was overwhelmingly Greek.
		In 1984 this organisation distributed by post a manifesto containing the ‘demands of the Macedonians of Aegean Macedonia’ which caused the Greek people profound unease and distress at the activities of invisible agents belonging to an independence movement within Greek Macedonia.
		This secret phantom movement remains unknown; however, it claims to be based in Salonika and it is certain that it is directed from abroad and imports all its printed propaganda against Greek Macedonia from foreign countries.
	www.religlaw.org /template.php?id=354 (8128 words)

	President of Republic of Macedonia - Branko Crvenkovski
		The Krusevo Republic and the outcome of the Uprising in the Bitola Region and in other parts of Macedonia are the most striking evidence that justice cannot be trampled down.
		The grievous consequences of the Uprising quelling, when the Macedonian nation made enormous sacrifices, stand in defiance even today, proving to the entire world that any attempt to smother justice is only temporary and that any self proclaimed victory over justice is only a delusion.
		The creators of the Krusevo Manifesto were well aware of that and believed it was necessary to underline this.
	www.president.gov.mk /info_e.asp?SectionID=5&InfoID=2061 (1505 words)

	MAKNWS-L Archives -- August 2003, week 2 (#3)
		The uprising in the central Macedonian town of Krusevo against Ottoman rule led to the formation of a short-lived republic, which is widely regarded the first modern Macedonian state.
		The most important celebrations are expected to take place in Krusevo and in the southern Serbian Prohor Pcinjski Monastery on 2 August.
		Meanwhile near the Prohor Pcinjski monastery in southern Serbia, where a socialist Macedonian government was proclaimed in 1944, the parliamentary speakers of Serbia and Montenegro and Macedonia -- Dragoljub Micunovic and Nikola Popovski, respectively -- laid a wreath to commemorate Ilinden.
	listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0308b&L=maknws-l&T=0&P=283 (17136 words)

	New keith brown building material Resources
		A century later, Krusevo is part of the Republic of Macedonia and a site for yearly commemorations of 1903.
		Keith Brown examines how Krusevo's residents, refugees, and exiles have participated--along with scholars, journalists, artists, bureaucrats, and politicians--in a conversation about their vexed past.
		The efforts of Krusevo's successive generations to transcend a past of intercommunal violence reveal how rival claims to knowledge and truth acquire vital significance during rapid social, economic, and political change.
	planning.tonsofwisdom.net /planning/keith-brown-building-material.php (2068 words)

	European HR Court - SIDIROPOULOS v. Greece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This situation was preceded by a number of violent incidents, such as the Ilinden revolt, in which the Bulgarians claim to have revolted against the Turks on 2 August 1903 at Krusevo, a town near Monastir whose ethnic composition was overwhelmingly Greek.
		In 1984 this organisation distributed by post a manifesto containing the ‘demands of the Macedonians of Aegean Macedonia’ which caused the Greek people profound unease and distress at the activities of invisible agents belonging to an independence movement within Greek Macedonia.
		This secret phantom movement remains unknown; however, it claims to be based in Salonika and it is certain that it is directed from abroad and imports all its printed propaganda against Greek Macedonia from foreign countries.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /MINELRES/coe/court/sidiropoulos.htm (8069 words)

	Makedonija - Nikola Karev(English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The fiercest fighting went on first in the area around Bitola, then to Ohrid, Kicevo, Lerin (Florina - now in Greece), Prilep, and other regions, with less pronounced fighting in the Solun (Thessoloniki - Greece), Seres, Skopje and Odrin regions.
		The Turkish government was so shocked and surprised by the uprising that they took extraordinary military measures to quash the new republic: 176,000 soldiers, 3,700 mounted troops and 444 cannon's were sent to Macedonia.
		After fierce and heroic battles near Sliva and Meckin Kamen, the Turks managed to destroy the Krusevo Republic and then cruelly dealt with the the rebels in Krusevo and other districts.
	users.tpg.com.au /gobrown/fyrom/karev.htm (380 words)

	Culture - Republic of Мacedonia
		(Vreme, 04.08.2004) - Series of manifestations dedicated to the 101st anniversary from the Ilinden Uprising and the Krusevo Republic, and the 60th anniversary from the first ASNOM assembly, are being held in Krusevo, along with the cultural part of scientific-cultural meetings “Ten Days Krusevo Republic”.
		Visitors were especially interested in the “Krusevo Room” in hotel “Montana”, which displayed numerous handicraft products and embroideries from the Krusevo region.
		Furthermore, “Singing Krusevo People” and “Joyous Prilep People” performed old town folk songs and dances at the plateau before church “St. Nikola” on Tuesday evening.
	www.culture.in.mk /story.asp?id=10861&rub= (168 words)

	Manifesto of the Krushevo Republic 2nd-3rd August 1903
		Manifesto of the Krushevo Republic 2nd-3rd August 1903
		You know very well that we are not evil and you understand that it is trouble that made us risk our lives, so that we might begin living like human beings or die like heroes!
		Long live the fighters for freedom and all honest and good Macedonian sons!
	www.mymacedonia.net /history/manifesto.htm (414 words)

	Culture - Republic of Мacedonia
		(Makedonija Denes, 15.02.2003) - The idea of a project, “100 exhibitions in 100 cities,” that will be organized in honour of the 100th anniversary of the Ilinden Insurrection, Krusevo Republic, Thessalonica Assassinations and the killing of Goce Delcev, Pitu Guli, Orce Pop Jordanov...
		The so-called special exhibition will also be prepared, with the processing being made on computer prints in large dimensions and with specially made cardboards as the background for photographs from this historical period.
		The exhibition will also include responses from European parliaments and intellectual circles from the “Old Lady” after the Krusevo Republic was suppressed in blood.
	www.culture.in.mk /story.asp?id=5843&rub=69 (309 words)

	All Empires: History Forum: Historical maps of the Vlachs regions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The official Greek reply to the questionnaire also states that "Greece has a Pan-Hellenic Union of Vlach Cultural Associations, which was set up in 1985 and comprises some forty local associations, which conduct a wide range of cultural activities in several different fields".
		Local radio stations in Stip, Krusevo, Struga and Ohrid also have weekly programmes in the Aromanian language, and Radio Gevgelija broadcasts half-an-hour per week in the Megleno-Romanian language.
		They have also said that the rights of Ulahs must be preserved but Greece, although it is a member of EU, continues to ignore these documents and insists on the manifesto idea that includes "'"There is no minority in Greece'.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=14351&PN=5 (9585 words)

	Macedonia
		The Macedonian national movement stirred up the European political scene in 1903 with the glorious Ilinden Uprising and the establishment of Krusevo Republic.
		The Krusevo Manifesto, as a declaration of the first republic in the Balkans, with its political ideas and the envisaged establishment of institutions of government corresponded with the highest democratic values of contemporary Europe.
		In the Second World War, with the struggle it organized against the fascist occupiers staring on October 11, 1941, the Macedonian people secured its place among the freedom-loving and democratic people of Europe and the world.
	www.skiptonps.vic.edu.au /history/macedon2.htm (1295 words)

	Henry W. Ruoff, ed. Book of the War. 1918. War Events: 1915.
		Italy declares war against Bulgaria and an Italian fleet sails for the Ægean.
		Manifesto by czar announces Russia draw her sword against Bulgaria.
		Bulgarian forces capture Krusevo and advance east to within six miles of Perlepe.
	www.gwpda.org /wwi-www/Warbook/wb1915.htm (1581 words)

	Henry W. Ruoff, ed. Book of the War. 1918. War Events: 1915.
		Italy declares war against Bulgaria and an Italian fleet sails for the Ægean.
		Manifesto by czar announces Russia draw her sword against Bulgaria.
		Bulgarian forces capture Krusevo and advance east to within six miles of Perlepe.
	net.lib.byu.edu /~rdh7/wwi/comment/Warbook/wb1915.htm (1581 words)

	The Macedonian Debatethere was no "makedonski nation" in the beggining of the century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"The Krusevo manifesto was declared, assuring the population that the uprising was against the Sultan and not against Muslims in general, and that all peoples would be included.
		As the population of Krusevo was two thirds hellenised Vlachs and Patriarchist Slavs, this was a wise move.
		Despite these promises the insurgent flew BULGARIAN FLAGS everywhere and in many places the uprising did entail attacks on Muslim Turks and Albanians wh themselves organised for self defence."
	www.biserbalkanski.com /mb/message_details.aspx?mid=23574 (539 words)

	The Macedonian Digest
		One of Macedonia’s finest sons and the very first President of a Macedonian state in the modern era, Nikola Karev’s unwavering Macedonian patriotism shines through his actions and his words.
		Nikola Karev’s descendants still live in Krusevo, I have had the privilege of meeting this revolutionary family due to personal linkages through family members of my own, his grandson and great granddaughter bear a striking resemblance to him, the dark curled hair, the facial features amongst other things.
		The Karevci are as Macedonian today as they were back then, God bless them and vecna mu slava na nasiot naroden heroj Nikola.
	maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/digest_14.html (14592 words)

	Victor Roudometof - Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balkans: Greece and the Macedonian Question - Journal of ...
		Additionally, it is also claimed that the Macedonian nation was instrumental in developing, first among the Slavic people, a written language and alphabet--namely, the Cyrillic alphabet.
		Krusevo republic is seen as a premonition of the independent status of the Macedonian state.
		The activities of the IMRO, founded in Thessaloniki in 1893, represented the most decisive step toward national liberation.
	www.gate.net /~mango/JHS1.htm (17242 words)

	Krusevo Manifesto at AllExperts
		The Krusevo Manifesto is a manifesto published by the Revolutionary Commetee of Krushevo during the 1903 Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia.
		It was written by Nikola Karev, and it outlined the aims of the Uprising, calling upon the population to join forces with the government in the struggle against tyranny and enslavement to attain freedom and independence.
		The Macedonian and English texts of the Manifesto*
	en.allexperts.com /e/k/kr/krusevo_manifesto.htm (724 words)

	100 years of Illinden
		and the Balkan's first established State based on the "Manifesto of the Krushevo Republic"
		The highest achievement of the Illinden Uprising was the establishment of the Krusevo constitution founded on democratic and republican principles.
		The Krusevo Republic was a State with democratic character, including President, Parliament, Government, committees and information centre for cooperation with the most ‘important’ element the involvement of all of Macedonia’s populous regardless of cultural background.
	p083.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm97.showMessage?topicID=27.topic (772 words)

	[No title]
		Title: KRUSEVSKIOT VOJVODA DJURCIN NAUMOV-PLJAKOT Title translation: [The Krusevo Vojvoda Djurcin Naumov-Pljakot].
		Title: KRUSEVSKITE AFERI OD 1902 GODINA Title translation: [The Krusevo Affair of 1902].
		Title: MAISKIAT MANIFEST NA TSK NA VMRO OT 1924 G.: OBSTANOVKA, PREGOVORY I POSLEDITSI Title translation: [The May Manifesto of the Central Committee of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, 1924, circumstances, negotiations, and consequences].
	www.b-info.com /places/Macedonia/republic/news/94-09/94-09-09.mak (7392 words)

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