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	Krymchak language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Krymchak is the Crimean Tatar dialect spoken by the Krymchaks - Rabbanite Jews of the Crimea.
		Like most Jewish languages, it is written using Hebrew characters, and contains large numbers of Hebrew loanwords.
		In Soviet Union at the 1930s this language was written in a variant of Latin alphabet - Uniform Turkic Alphabet (as Crimean Tatar and Karaim), later it was written in Cyrillic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Krimchak_language (125 words)

	Krymchak
		The Krymchaks are a community of Rabbinical Jews of the Crimean peninsula.
		"Krymchak" is a Russian descriptive used to differentiate them from their Ashkenazi coreligionists, as well as other Jewish communities in the former Russian Empire such as the Gruzim.
		Under Stalin, the Krymchaks were forbidden to write in Hebrew and were ordered to employ a Cyrillic alphabet to write their own language.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/k/kr/krymchak.php (855 words)

	PS Wiki Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This language family is generally thought by linguists to have originated somewhere in northeastern Africa, and began to diverge around the 8th millennium BCE, although there is much debate about the exact date and place.
		By the end of the 3rd millennium BCE the ancestral languages of Aramaic, Ugaritic, and other various Canaanite languages were spoken in the Levant alongside the influential dialects of Ebla and Akkad.
		Sephardi Hebrew language is the basis of Standard Hebrew and not all that different from it, although traditionally it has had a greater range of phonemes.
	www.puresearch.com /PSWiki/index.php?title=Hebrew_language (2997 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		It is assumed that the Krymchaks only began to be known as such after the Crimea had been annexed to Russia at the end of the 18th century.
		The formation of the Krymchaks as an ethnic group began in the 13th--14th centuries on the Crimean Peninsula and the process was completed by the end of the 19th century.
		The Crimean Tatar language was the universal means of communication in the Crimea from the 15th to the 19th centuries.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/crimean_jews.shtml (1097 words)

	Yiddish Language [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yemenite The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews.
		Krymchak · Karaim The Karaim language is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino.
		Languages like Danish Danish is one of the Scandinavian languages, a sub-group of the Germanic group of the Indo-European language family.
	www.wikimirror.com /Yiddish_language (13413 words)

	Jewish languages - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The largest single language spoken by Jews is English : The largest Jewish population in the world is in the United States, and there are also large, substantial communities in Canada (a majority of Canadian Jews speak English, not French), the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa.
		Hebrew is the language of daily life in Israel, though a substantial proportion of the country's citizens are immigrants who speak it as their second language.
		Turkic: Krymchak (Judæo-Tartar), Karaim (Spoken by the Karaites of Crimea and Lithuania)
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Jewish_languages (1114 words)

	Articles - Yiddish language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The every-day language of the European Jews in the later Middle Ages was identical with the vernacular of the Christian community, which was German for most of the Ashkenazi territory.
		While Hebrew always remained the official language of Jewish prayer, the Hasidim mixed considerable Yiddish into their Hebrew, and were also responsible for a significant secondary religious literature written in Yiddish.
		On one hand, languages like Danish, Swedish and Norwegian, usually considered to be separate and distinct languages, are for proficient speakers completely mutually intelligible and may be considered one language from a lingustical point of view.
	www.lifevalley.com /articles/Yiddish_language (3408 words)

	Euro-Asian Jewish Congress - «JEWS OF EURO-ASIA» (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For the majority of ethnic and sub-ethnic groups of the Jewish diaspora, it is typical that the Hebrew language functions as a sacred (holy) one, in parallel with the profane (household, everyday) “Jewish” language, dialect or idiom.
		Their language is, naturally, Russian, or, more precisely, one of the Southern Russian dialects, with numerous loanwords borrowed from Hebrew and Yiddish in its vocabulary.
		It is on this Polish-Lithuanian territory that they developed their language, the Ostyiddish (Eastern Yiddish), which differs considerably both from its German progenitor and from the language of the German Jews, the Westyiddish (Western Yiddish), which almost disappeared by the middle of the XIX century.
	www.eajc.org /publish_gen_e.php?rowid=51 (4674 words)

	Articles - Ladino language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The language is also called JudÃ¦o-Spanish, Sefardi, Dzhudezmo, Judezmo, and Spanyol ; HaquitÃa (from the Arabic haka ØÙÙ, "tell") refers to the dialect of North Africa, especially Morocco.
		Until recent times, the language was widely spoken throughout the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa, having been brought there by Jewish refugees fleeing Spain following the expulsion of the Jews in 1492.
		Ladino was the most used language in Thessaloniki, Greece until after World War I, and remained widespread there until the death of 49,000 Thessalonikan Greek Jews in the Holocaust during the Second World War.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Ladino_language (814 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To the Krymchaks it was a particular truth, since they could compare their fate with the fate of the Karaites with whom they had lived for so long side by side, sometimes in the same towns and even streets.
		The existence of a separate Krymchak ethnicity is argued by the existence of a separate Krymchak language.
		Be that as it may, in the fifties and the sixties, a new generation of Krymchaks was born, to whom the question of ethnic self-identification was never a matter of choice, as it had been to the previous generation.
	members.aol.com /askinazy/khazanov.html (15694 words)

	Marijuana.Com Marijuana Seeds & Drug Test Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yiddish, Russian, and other languages of the Jewish diaspora as the spoken language of the majority of the Jewish people living in Israel.
		This language family is generally thought by linguists to have originated somewhere in northeastern Africa, and began to diverge around the
		The formal language of the Babylonian Empire was Aramaic (its name is either derived from "Aram Naharayim", Mesopotamia, or from "Aram," Canaanite for "highland," the ancient name for Syria).
	www.assault-weapons.com /wiki/Hebrew_language (2838 words)

	Articles - Dzhidi language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The language is also known, especially in its literary form, as Latorayi, literally "not [the language] of the Torah".
		The earliest evidence of the entrance of Persian words into the language of the Israelites is found in the Bible.
		Persian became to a great extent the language of everyday life among the Jews of Babylonia; and a hundred years after the conquest of that country by the Sassanids an amora of Pumbedita, Rab Joseph (d.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Dzhidi_language (343 words)

	Hebrew alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Because of cognates with other Semitic languages, this phoneme is known to have originally been a lateral consonant, most likely IPA the fricative /ɬ/ (as in Welsh /ll/) or the affricate /tɬ/ (as in Náhuatl /tl/).
		Following the decline of Hebrew and Aramaic as the spoken languages of the Jews, the Hebrew alphabet was adopted in order to write down the languages of the Jewish diaspora ( Karaim, Judæo-Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, etc.).
		The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.
	www.infoslurp.com /information/Hebrew_alphabet (1733 words)

	Venice Commission - Commission de Venise
		Ukrainians: a titular nation, an historical community of peoples, of Ukrainian ethnic origin only, who since time immemorial have lived on the territory of modern-day Ukraine, have their own nationality, common historical memory, language, culture, traditions and symbols of state.
		Indigenous peoples: an historical community of peoples who live on the territory of modern-day Ukraine and are its citizens, who are numerically smaller than the rest of the population of the country, are not composed of recent immigrants, display a sense of ethnic awareness and preserve their ethnic identity, culture, traditions and language.
		In towns and cities where the majority of the population are citizens who belong to indigenous peoples, the municipal executive authorities and local self-government bodies may in exercising their powers freely use the language of the relevant indigenous people.
	www.venice.coe.int /docs/2004/CDL(2004)079-e.asp?PrintVersion=True (1642 words)

	languagehat.com: ARMENO-KIPCHAK.
		The language was simply the vernacular of Istanbul and the urban fl sea turks of the time.
		These regional versions of Turkish language (Crimean Tatar, Karaite Judeo-Turkish, and Krymchak Judeo-Tatar) are not 13th century imports of Anatolian turkish (like Gagauz) but probably reflect the older Cuman/Kipchak pre-Golden Horde Turkish tradition of the steppes.
		Then there are various languages spoken by wanderers such as Gypsies (Romani), the Irish "Tinkers", and the speakers of the "Rotwelsch" language which includes elements of both Romani and Yiddish.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001112.php (1206 words)

	«KRYMSCHAKS AND KARAIMS OF CRIMEA» - ALEXANDER NAIMAN
		This was done by a board member of the Crimean society of Krymchaks Igor Achkinazi and chairman of the Society of Crimean Karaims Vladimir Orneli.
		In the XIV - XVI centuries Krymchaks resided mainly in Kafa.
		Krymchak liturgy of the early XVIII century was based on it.
	www.jewukr.org /observer/jo24_43/p0101_e.html (501 words)

	sephardi_hebrew_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hamedani Â· Dzhidi Altaic Krymchak Â· Karaim Dravidian Judeo-Malayalam Kartvelic Gruzinic The Sephardi Hebrew language is an offshoot of Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jewish practice.
		The Sephardi Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jewish practice...
		Ladino language,Portuguese language,Dutch language Sephardi Hebrew language Â Â Â The Sephardi Hebrew language is an offshoot of Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jewish practice.
	sephardi_hebrew_language.networklive.org (279 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 24.
		No other EL organization is doing anything like "adopt a language", or "language volunteers", essentially building a permanent global network.
		The role of language in the reconstruction of indigenous identities.
		Nataliya Belitser - Endangered Lgs in Crimea/Ukraine: Crimean, Tatar, Karait, and Krymchak Ivelina Kazakova
	www.ogmios.org /242.htm (1351 words)

	Articles - Hebrew language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hebrew was not used as a spoken language for roughly 2300 years.
		The Hebrew language has been used primarily for liturgical purposes for most of the past two millennia.
		As a consequence, its pronunciation has been strongly influenced by the vernacular of each individual Jewish community.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Standard_Hebrew (2526 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Newsletter 19
		Since 1994, the Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Conferences have provided an unparalleled opportunity for practitioners and scholars dedicated to supporting and developing the endangered indigenous languages of the world, particularly those of North America, to meet and share knowledge and experiences gained from research and community-based practice.
		WP 4: The juridical defence of Rhaeto-romansh languages, with particular reference to the Friulan case, by William Cisilino.
		WP 5: Languages and institutions in the European Union, by Manuel Alcaraz Ramos.
	www.ogmios.org /1910.htm (1422 words)

	Krimchak
		Important settlements of Krimchaks began in the 16th century.
		In 1926 there were 6000 speakers of the Krimchak language
		The Krimchaks did not know the Hebrew language but they did use the Hebrew script.
	www.houseofthesmalllanguages.org /Langages/Europe/Krymchak/krimstchak.htm (87 words)

	hebrew_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first prize in a recent Chinese language competition went to an overseas team this year, which beat the local Chinese team, much to the consternation of many Chinese.
		The Modern Hebrew Project, which produces tools for the study of Modern Hebrew language and linguistics, is currently in progress at the University of Texas Linguistics...
		Hebrew Language The Hebrew alphabet is either of two distinct Semitic alphabets - the Early Hebrew and the Classical, or Square, Hebrew.
	hebrew_language.networklive.org (673 words)

	NUPI - Centre for Russian Studies
		B.C. Whatever their origins, these Jews together with the later Khazars of Crimea, formed the so-called Krymchak, the first type of Jews to live in the Crimea.
		Khazars established a strong foothold on the Crimea from the 7th c., and possibly accepted their Judaism from the Krymchaks (or, again, from the Caucasian Jews).
		The Bolsheviks abolished Hebrew as a dead language and insisted that the Jews use Tajik language instead.
	www.nupi.no /cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Jewish (1884 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The foreword lists criteria of selection what is covered in this book - basically it is about endangered nations who are nearly extinct or losing their language and identity.
		The Chuvash population is about 1.5 million, they have preserved their language and live mostly in autonomous republic.
		As a krymchak from my mother side I spent over forty five years of my life looking for my roots.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/guestbook/gbook97.html (861 words)

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