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Topic: Krytron

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	[No title]
		The purpose of this source is to increase the reliability of the krytron by aiding the formation of the initial glow discharge between the keep alive and the cathode.
		Krytrons require a high voltage pulse (500V to 2kV) to be applied to the trigger electrode to fire successfully.
		The krytron may be used directly to fire a high precision exploding wire, or alternatively as part of the triggering circuitry for a triggered spark gap or similar ultra high current triggering device as used in exploding foil slapper type detonators and larger EBW circuits.
	www.tesla-coil.com /Krytron.htm (621 words)

	Krytron - All About All
		The krytron is a development of the triggered spark gaps and thyratrons originally developed for radar transmitters during World War II.
		Because of the potential for use as nuclear triggers, the export of krytrons is tightly regulated.
		A number of cases involving the smuggling or attempted smuggling of krytrons have been reported, as countries seeking to develop nuclear weapons have attempted to procure supplies of krytrons for igniting their weapons.
	www.allaboutall.info /article/Krytron (429 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Krytron
		The krytron is a development of the triggered spark gaps and thyratrons originally developed for radar transmitters during World War II.
		Krytrons and their variations are still manufactured by Perkin-Elmer Components, and used in a variety of industrial and military devices.
		A number of cases involving the smuggling or attempted smuggling of krytrons have been reported, as countries seeking to develop nuclear weapons have attempted to procure supplies of krytrons for igniting their weapons.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Krytron (443 words)

	Krytron@Everything2.com
		So, to return to krytrons, a krytron can be used to separate a circuit until the appropriate trigger voltage has been applied to one side; at that time, the switch opens, and current flows.
		Enter the krytron, which not only was fast enough but could handle enough current flow to pass the full current detonation signals of the warhead and, in smaller form, the signals to detonate the various conventional high explosive lenses that surround the core of an implosion-type weapon.
		There is a variant of krytron specifically intended for use in environments which are subject to high levels of ionizing radiation.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1118172 (864 words)

	Nuclear Weapon Physics and Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The purpose of this source is to increase the reliability of the krytron by aiding the formation of the initial glow discharge between the keep alive and the cathode.
		The krytron often has only a short life expectancy if used regularly (often as few as a couple of hundred shots) However when used within the appropriate parameters and well within the expected life time they are extremely reliable, requiring no warm up and being immune to many environmental factors to a large extent (e.g.
		Krytrons are used in firing circuits for certain lasers and flash tubes and also in some pulse welding applications, often as triggering devices for other larger devices such as Thyratrons and spark gaps.
	www.avhub.net /nuclearweaponphysicsdesign.htm (9240 words)

	Pulse Power Switching Devices
		The krytron may be used directly to fire a high precision exploding wire, or alternatively as part of the triggering circuitry for a triggered spark gap or similar ultra high current triggering device as used in exploding foil slapper type detonators and larger EBW circuits.
		Krytrons are used in firing circuits for certain lasers and flash tubes and also in some pulse welding applications, often as triggering devices for other larger devices such as Thyratrons and spark gaps.
		Although it is usually stated that Krytrons were the devices sought in smuggling involving Israel, Iraq and Pakistan, it may well be that Sprytrons were involved with at least some of these cases, rather than the gas filled krytron, due to the very similar size and performance coupled with very high radiation resistance.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Library/Pasley1.html (4741 words)

	Apparatus and method for destructive removal of particles contained in flowing fluid - Patent 4376637
		An anode 66 of the krytron 64 is also connected through the third current limiting resistor 60 to the control electrode 62.
		In operation, the voltage controlled oscillator 68 is controlled to allow the krytron 64 to conduct at predetermined time intervals at least as frequent as the rate at which the particles discharge the grid 30.
		As soon as the krytron 64 conducts, point 76 is essentially shorted to the resistor 74, thereby placing the voltage differential across the discharge capacitor 56 across the first and second conductors 32 and 34 and the resistor 74.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4376637.html (7656 words)

	clancey.bomb
		The impulse entered a dividing network using krytron switches &emdash; each of them a small and exceedingly fast device using selfionized and radioactive krypton gas to time its discharges with remarkable precision.
		The wires all had to be of the same length, of course, because all of the seventy explosive blocks were supposed to detonate at the same instant.
		With the krytrons and the simple expedient of cutting each wire to the same length, this was easy to achieve.
	wmhs.k12.vt.us /WMHS/Faculty/Moriarty/clancy.bomb.htm (1919 words)

	Slapper detonator Information
		The initial explosion is usually caused by explosive vaporization of a thin metal wire or strip, by driving several thousands amperes of electric current through it, usually from a capacitor charged to several thousands volts.
		The switching may be done by a spark gap or a krytron.
		Usually the construction consists of an explosive booster pellet, to which a disk with a hole in the center is set against.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Slapper_detonator (297 words)

	[No title]
		A krytron is a four element (cathode, grid, anode, and keep alive) gas filled cold cathode switching tube.
		The gas in the tube provides ions to neutralise the space charge allowing a high current to be obtained at a lower voltage than otherwise possible.
		Krytrons contain a small amount of radioactive Ni-63 which is a beta emitter.
	www.tubecollector.org /krytron.htm (110 words)

	Pulse Power Switching Devices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Krytrons are completely different to the familiar Klystrons often encountered.
		Krytrons require a high voltage pulse (500V to 2kV) to be applied to the trigger electrode to fire successfully.
		The krytron may be used directly to fire a high precision exploding wire, or alternatively as part of the triggering circuitry for a triggered spark gap or similar ultra high current triggering device as used in exploding foil slapper type detonators and larger EBW circuits.
	home.earthlink.net /~jimlux/hv/pasley1.htm (5007 words)

	CNS - Chronology of Pakistani Nuclear Development
		Pakistani citizen Nazir Vaid is caught smuggling electronic components, potentially useful for nuclear weapons, from the United States.
		Krytron triggers can be used in the detonation of nuclear devices.
		US intelligence agencies allege that Pakistan is producing highly enriched uranium, which may be used in nuclear weapons.
	cns.miis.edu /research/india/paknucch.htm (1263 words)

	Definition of :: kroof.html :: by click4everything (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Etymology: The derivation of the word is uncertain: the -tron element is almost certainly taken from electronic; the kryo could be a partial respelling of cryo-, or part of the word krypton.
		History and Usage: The krytron first appeared in technical literature in the early seventies and would no doubt have remained limited to technical use but for an incident in early 1990, when it appeared that American-made krytrons had been obtained by President Saddam Hussein of Iraq and a political scandal ensued.
		Some forms of krytron can be bought commercially...The order aroused CSI's suspicions because it required krytrons of a specification which could only have a military use.
	www.click4everything.com /db/kroof.html (185 words)

	Lasers Discussions 2002: Re: KN-6 krytron (or equiv.) source ne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In reply to: bestste_at_auburn.edu: "KN-6 krytron (or equiv.) source needed"
		Reply: sam_at_repairfaq.org: "Re: KN-6 krytron (or equiv.) source needed"
		Reply: pottl_at_iep.tu-graz.ac.at: "Re: KN-6 krytron (or equiv.) source needed"
	www.eio.com /public/lasers/0127.html (245 words)

	PROLIFERATION TO IRAQ - Access to Energy Newsletter Archive
		The components were said to be krytrons, which seems unlikely; con-ceivably, and I am only guessing here, this story was put out by Western intelligence services to mask their knowledge of more advanced Iraqi projects.
		Activa-tion is achieved by a device called krytron, essentially an electronic switch, but its glass envelope filled with radioactive krypton to pro-vide the initial neutrons starting the chain reaction.
		These modern triggers require no high-tech electronic com-ponents, which makes the krytron story a little quaint, though there can be no doubt that the Iraqis have both the capability to make nuclear bombs and the will to use them.
	www.accesstoenergy.com /view/atearchive/s76a5526.htm (454 words)

	Media: The Great Krytron Caper
		In addition to their numerous civilian applications, krytrons can be used as elegant triggering devices for nuclear weapons and limited exports are permitted only under a strict licensing procedure.
		Because of their nuclear applications, however, krytrons are on the U.S. Munitions list, which means that they cannot be exported without State Department approval and a license.
		E G and G's invoices clearly warn the purchaser that krytrons cannot be exported without a license.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/071585/850715006.html (1061 words)

	From the Associated Press
		Smyth, 72, was first charged in 1985 with exporting devices known as krytrons to Heli Corp. in Israel.
		In an interview on television's "60 Minutes" last year, Milchan denied any involvement in the krytron deal but said he had allowed the Israeli government to use his company as a conduit for trading with the United States.
		Israel returned most of the krytrons after Smyth's indictment and claimed they were never intended for use in a nuclear weapons program.
	www.sierratimes.com /01/12/29/arap122901.htm (335 words)

	JewishJournal.com
		In an interview with CBS television’s "60 Minutes" last year, Milchan denied any role in the krytron case, but acknowledged that he allowed the Israeli government to use Heli as a conduit for trading with the United States.
		Israel returned most of the krytrons after Smyth’s original indictment in 1985 and has maintained that they were never intended for use in a nuclear weapons program.
		In 1985, while first awaiting trial on the krytron charges, Smyth was freed on a $100,000 bond, and disappeared shortly thereafter with his wife, Emilie.
	www.jewishjournal.com /home/print.php?id=7934 (1192 words)

	The Times
		ISRAEL is facing the possibility of embarrassing new scrutiny of its unconfirmed nuclear weapons programme after the arrest in Spain of an American arms dealer who has been on the run for 16 years.
		Richard Smith, 71, has been a fugitive from the United States since he jumped $100,000 (68,500) bail and fled from Los Angeles before being brought to trial on 30 charges of arms trafficking and forged documents.
		But the special microswitches are also a vital part in the mechanism of exploding an atomic weapon and are banned for export to any country.
	www.nci.org /01/07/25-tt-nuc_dealer_arrested.htm (535 words)

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