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Topic: Krzysztof Radziwill

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Swedish Polish War 1600-09 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Lithuanian Grand Hetman Krzysztof Radziwill the "Thunderbolt" dispatched Jan Sicinski to organise the forces in Livonia and instructed him to concentrate them in the region of Birz.
		Radziwill decided that any assault should be undertaken only after the arrival of the siege artillery sent for from Riga, and until it arrived he limited his operations to a blockade.
		He was unclear as to the positions of Radziwill's army and judged that the majority of the cavalry would be positioned on the right bank of the Perse with the infantry on the left in entrenchment's open at the rear.
	www.jasinski.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /wojna/battles/1600-Sw/1600-Sw-03.htm (1009 words)

	Short history of the Radziwill Family by Peter Paul Bajer
		Among the immediate descendants of Mikolaj Krzysztof the Little Orphan and in the next two generations, there was a lack of notable characters who would play a major role in politics or cultural mecenate, despite the fact that many of them occupied the highest positions in Rzeczpospolita.
		Those Radziwills who decided to stay in Poland despite prosecution and hardship faced by all 'enemies of the working class', were able to adapt to the new political situation with perseverance and resourcefulness.
		Radziwill's exclusivity is also sustained by the upholding of a patriotic/religious ideology associated with the Polish aristocratic circles and based on the principle of noblesse oblige-binding them personally to an intensive service towards the common good.
	www.szlachta.org /2radziwill.htm (4734 words)

	Descendants of Krystyn Ostyk, Palatin of Troki +1444 (Radziwill) gen 15-
		Descendants of Krystyn Ostyk, Palatin of Troki +1444 (Radziwill) gen 15-
		Prince Edmund Radziwill, 15.Duke of Olyka, son of Prince
		Janusz Radziwill, 14.Duke of Olyka and Princess Anna
	www.worldroots.com /foundation/european/radziwilldesc5.htm (286 words)

	Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mikolaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł, nicknamed The Black (Lithuanian: Mikalojus Radvila Juodasis) and also known as Mikołaj Radziwiłł The Fifth (1515-1565) was a noble (szlachcic) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Palatine of Vilnius, Grand Grand Lithuanian Chancellor and the Grand Hetman of Lithuania.
		Mikołaj Czarny was able to gain much political influence thanks to the romance between his cousin Barbara Radziwiłł and king Zygmunt II August.
		Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł • Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł • Eustachy Wołłowicz • Lew Sapieha • Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł • Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac • Marcjan Aleksander Ogiński • Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł • Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł • Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki • Jan Fryderyk Sapieha • Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski • Aleksander Michał Sapieha • Joachim Littawor Chreptowicz
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mikolaj_Czarny_Radziwill (570 words)

	CASE People
		Radziwill has contributed to dozens of additional research studies and policy advisory missions.
		Radziwill is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of London.
		Radziwill was also a member of the Polish Economic Outlook team.
	www.case.com.pl /strona--ID-o_case_ludzie,osoba_id-31,nlang-710.html (338 words)

	thePeerage.com - Prince Michael Radziwill and others
		She married Prince Michael Radziwill, son of Prince Karol Radziwill and Countess Marie Josepha Zamoyski, on 20 July 1929 in Lvov, Russia.
		She married Prince Antoni Radziwill, son of Prince Michael Radziwill and Aldona Chapowska, on 14 June 1965.
		She married Krzysztof Bisping, son of Johann Bisping and Countess Marie Josepha Zamoyski, on 31 August 1939 in Warsaw, Poland.
	www.thepeerage.com /p9184.htm (372 words)

	Radziwill document
		Janusz Radziwill Count on Birze and Dubinki, chamberlain of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, starost of Mscibów, Kazimierz, Kamieniec, Bystrzyca, Retów
		With this letter we announce hereby, that I was presented a petition of my Jews of Zabludów, in which they ask all their freedoms and privileges be the same as for Jews of other towns, as granted by the late H.S.H. Count our father
		In the year 1665 on July 10th during the inspection of Zabludów this extract was put in front of me by Zabludów Jews, I confirm that with my signature.
	www.zabludow.com /Radziwilldocument1.html (813 words)

	Egyptology in Poland
		In 1583 magnate Mikolaj Krzysztof Radziwill (Radvila) nicknamed as "Orphan" made a journey to Egypt, using the opportunity of a pilgrimage to Holy Land; he visited the Delta, reaching the Pyramids in Gizeh and the necropolis of Memphis.
		Many his notes within the context of that period's knowledge on ancient Egypt are astonishing because of observing precision, and colourful descriptions allow for faultless recognition of not only particular monuments, but also types of minor relics, such as shabti figurines or canopic jars.
		However, some Egyptian relics must have reached Poland, as before the 17th century we encounter records of keeping them (chiefly mummies and coffins) in "collections of peculiarities" and other assemblages amongst relics of Greece and Italy.
	www.egiptologia.pl /epr_ege.html (1358 words)

	Jerzy Niemirycz
		There he met Krzysztof Arciszewski, a fellow Pole employed as a Dutch commander of the West India Company.
		His performance as judge must have pleased the nobility, for in 1637 they elected him member of parliament from that region, a post to which they returned him for many years.
		He was also one of the petitioners of the 1638 Kisielin gathering which wrote to the Calvinist duke Krzysztof II Radziwill, requesting aid and protection for the Polish Brethren.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/jerzyniemirycz1.html (2318 words)

	The Czaplic family
		Their numbers were increased by the closure of the church and school in Hoszcza, 1635/39, and the demise of the Raków Academy in 1638.
		In the latter year the Czaplic family hosted a gathering of Arian nobility which appealed to the Calvinist prince Krzysztof Radziwill for help and defense.
		It was probably the Alexander Czaplic (d.c.1664), son of Jerzy and Taszycka, who in 1631, as part of a group of Unitarian nobles from Ukraine and Wolyn, studied in the Netherlands.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/czaplicfamily1.html (1902 words)

	Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł Biography,info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł aka "Sierotka" (The Orphan) (1549-1616) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble (szlachcic).
		Court Marshal of Lithuania since 1569, Grand Marshal of Lithuania since 1579, castellan of Trakai since 1586, voivode of Troki Voivodship since 1590, voivode of Wilno Voivodship since 1604 and Starost of Šiauliai.
		However, Mikolaj Krzysztof refused to support Krzysztof 'Piorun' Radziwiłł in the feud with another magnatial family, which threatened to develop into a bloody civil war in Lithuania.
	www.parsnava.com /biography/sdmc_Mikolaj_Krzysztof_Sierotka_Radziwill (413 words)

	Krzysztof Radziwill Synagogue Permission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is a first ever English translation of a document from an Archive in Bialystok Poland.
		In this document Krzyztof Radziwill allows the Jews of Zabludow to build a synagogue.
		Krzysztof Radziwill, Count on Dubinki and Birze, Voivod of Wilno, Great Hetman of Lithuania, administrator of Bystrzyca etc.,etc., starost.
	www.zabludow.com /KrzysztofRadziwillsynagoguepermission.html (213 words)

	PolishRoots - Geography & Maps
		Queen Helena founded the Holy Ghost monastery and Mikolaj Radziwill and the Wilno voivode, the Church of Mary the White and St. Jerzy the Martyr in remembrance of the victory at Kleck and had the Carmelites settle here in 1514 (presently the diocese priesthood seminary).
		In 1565, after the death of Mikolaj Radziwill Czarny, his son, known as Orphan, confiscated the house of worship from the followers of the Helvetia religion.
		Hetman Janusz Radziwill’s, weak division capitulated and was taken along with the castles, which Kazimierz Zeromski had defended.
	www.polishroots.org /slownik/wilno.htm (19221 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Lithuanian leaders in Polish file
		Which Radziwill is this, there are several of them apart from the two you mentioned (Nikolaj or Krzysztof (2x))
		Jonas Radziwill is most probably Janusz Radziwill, Grand Hetman of Lithuania who surrendered Lithuania to Sweden and become their puppet in 1655.
		Hetmans like Chodkiewicz or Sapieha (all Sapiehas actually, or Radziwills, all of them for that matter) were leading Lithuanian armies, not Polish ones.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=104997&pp=25 (3515 words)

	Polish culture: 22nd "Chopin in the Colors of Autumn" Festival
		It is here that the young Frederick Chopin spent the years 1827 and 1829.
		The festival has a twenty-two year old history and its status is confirmed by the fact that it plays host to the world's most outstanding contemporary piano performers.
		Frederick Chopin wrote about his sojourn in Antonin in 1829 in a letter to his friend Tytus Wojciechowski: "I was there for a week.
	www.culture.pl /en/culture/artykuly/wy_fm_chopin_kalisz_2003 (563 words)

	Butschal, Buszac Radziwill Podolia
		Princess Anna Maria Radziwill, daughter of Prince Janusz
		Boguslaw, Prince Radziwill, son of Prince Janusz Radziwill,
		Ein kurzer historischer Streifzug durch die Geschichte der Radziwills
	www.butschal.de /herbbutschal/radziwill0.htm (260 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Swedish Polish War 1600-09 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As the Swedes made their initial maneuvers Chodkiewicz, concerned with his army's morale, ordered a group of camp followers, whom had previously sent North, to reveal themselves.
		They moved south towards this main forces in a cloud of dust and with much noise to give the impression of arriving reinforcements from Krzysztof Radziwill.
		Until now the Poles and Lithuanians had stood in a column and now they deployed into battle order.
	www.jasinski.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /wojna/battles/1600-Sw/1600-Sw-08.htm (1301 words)

	Lita (Lithuania) - Pages 1475 - 1482 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Krzysztof Radziwill, Lithuanian prince and governor of Vilna, received half of Keidan as a dowry from his father-in-law, Stanis³aw Kiszka (in 1490 the Lithuanian-Russian family Kiszka received all of Keidan as a gift from the Polish King Casimir IV).
		Wanting to increase commerce in Keidan, he issued an order according to which the Jews were guaranteed civil and religious rights.
		Janusz Radziwill later acknowledged all privileges that the Jews had received from his father, Krzysztof.
	www.jewishgen.org /Yizkor/Lita/lit1475.html (2711 words)

	Movie Info for Epitafium Dla Barbary Radziwillowny on MSN Movies
		Elegantly costumed and well-acted, this tragic story of a wealthy Lithuanian commoner who marries King Zygmunt II of Poland (1520-1572) reveals clashes between kingly duty and personal love.
		By the time King Zygmunt's wife Elizabeth dies, he has already fallen in love with Barbara Radziwill, a wealthy Lithuanian but not of noble birth.
		The king marries Barbara, flying in the face of his mother's wishes and those of the Polish parliament -- but his happiness was not destined to last for long.
	entertainment.msn.com /movies/movie.aspx?m=462628 (124 words)

	Poland Belka's Controversial Appointments; Orlen Ananicz; Radziwill; Minor
		Poland Belka's Controversial Appointments; Orlen Ananicz; Radziwill; Minor
		Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) leader Krzysztof Janik is trying to smooth move another quarrel that is emerging between the party and Prime Minister Marek Belka.
		This time it concerns Anna Radziwill, whose candidature for the Deputy Education Minister was presented by Bellka to the SLD presidium.
	www.templetonthorp.com /fr/news715 (250 words)

	Radziwill
		The members of this family bear the title Prince[ss] Radziwill (Serene Highness).
		Dominik Mikolaj Pr Radziwill (1643-27 Jul 1697); m.1st
		Pss Dolores Radziwill (Paris 26 Jun 1886- Paris 9 Nov 1966)
	pages.prodigy.net /ptheroff/gotha/radziwill.html (3050 words)

	kur6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Marcin became a priest, Jadwiga strted working at the Jagiellonian University, Maria entered a congregation, Zofia, Krzysztof Radziwill's wife, settled in Warsaw, Stanislaw, a survivor of the P.O.W. camp, emigrated to Belgium.
		- When the factory stopped, there were rumors in the village that the stores are full, no interested buyers, the business went down and, instead of the dehydration plant, there will be a butchery - says her father Edward Schildknecht, whose family worked before the war in the neighboring estate of Radziwills.
		Everybody should know that starting a new business takes some time.
	kingpopiel.tripod.com /english/kur6.htm (3266 words)

	SRG Liaisons: Russian organisations
		In 1999 the Institute co-published, along with the SRG, the volume entitled Adam Jerzy Czartoryski: Letters to Vilna / Listy do Wilna 1805, under the editorship of SRG member Richard Sokoloski, and with a Foreword by Sergej Nikolaev of IRLI.
		Professors Nikolaev and Sokoloski will also be collaborating on the publication of a collection of letters (in Polish) by Andrzej Lubieniecki the Younger to Krzysztof Radziwill, which will be accompanied by an English translation.
		In May 2001 Robert Major, on behalf of the University of Ottawa and the SRG, signed an agreement on scholarly co-operation with the IRLI in St-Petersburg (for description and photos, please see our Russian Happenings page).
	www.uottawa.ca /academic/arts/gres/ruliaen.html (1159 words)

	Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae... descriptio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first original map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, published under the patronage of the Grand Marshall of Lithuania, Governor of Trakai and Vilnius, Mikolaj Krzysztof Radziwill
		The map's legend and engraving work were carried out by Thomas Makowski
		a celebrated graphic artist in Lithuania at that time, employed at the Radziwill estate in Nesvizh.
	www.mb.vu.lt /unesco/kartografija/trylik/anglu/emtrylik.htm (64 words)

	Rakov Guestbook Archive
		Died 9 October 1771 2 Prince Mikolaj Krzysztof Radziwill
		Died 2 June 1715 Biala 3 Princess Constancia Radziwill
		Died 12 October 1760 6 Princess Karolina Teresa Pia Radziwill
	www.eilatgordinlevitan.com /rakov/rkv_pages/rakov_gb_archive_03.html (15016 words)

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