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Topic: Ktunaxa

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First Nations of Canada

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	Welcome to Windspeaker's Guide to Indian Country - 2000.
		The Ktunaxa Indians had thousands of horses living in their territory and up until the 1950s much of this stock was still in existence.
		Alfred Joseph, a Ktunaxa Indian of the Columbia Lake Indian Band, operates the JN Ranch near Windermere and is known for his guide outfitting and daily trail rides.
		Pierre Nickelhead, a Ktunaxa, discovered the mine and through the Reverend and Father Coccola, staked the mine; the St. Eugene's Mine was established.
	www.ammsa.com /guide/GIC00-Ktunaxa.html (1436 words)

	Ktunaxa Nation - Who We Are
		The Ktunaxa Nation Council originated in 1970 as the Kootenay Indian District Council to promote the political and social development of the Nation.
		Ktunaxa leadership allowed the Shuswap Kinbasket people to stay in Ktunaxa territory where they eventually settled in the Invermere area and became members of the Ktunaxa Nation.
		The Ktunaxa Nation Council (KNC) is accountable to the Chiefs and Council of the Ktunaxa Nation.
	www.ktunaxa.org /who/kktc.html (278 words)

	Fort Steele Heritage Town - Ktunaxa Native Ways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the Ktunaxa Native Ways programme students will be encouraged to bridge the cultural gap that may exist between themselves and the Ktunaxa people.
		The Ktunaxa travelled around their territory, moving from one place to the next as the various food sources came into season.
		Steele found the charges against the two groundless, and discovered the basis for the Ktunaxa's unrest actually was a result of their being forced off their land and onto a reserve by Colonel Baker.
	www.fortsteele.bc.ca /visitor/education/ktunaxa.asp (2473 words)

	Crowsnest Highway
		Because the Ktunaxa were constantly on the move with the seasons, hunting or fishing or gathering berries, Tosi never established a permanent mission in the seven or eight years that he visited them.
		The missionaries were eager to teach, and encouraged the Ktunaxa to try to pre-empt lands, an exercise continually frustrated by the bigoted provincial administration which felt its mandate was to restrict Indians to reservations to ensure that immigrating Europeans had ample lands to colonize.
		That the Ktunaxa have survived their bout with Church and State and are recovering their language and culture from the pales into which it was banished by “progress” is nothing short of miraculous.
	www.crowsnest-highway.ca /cgi-bin/citypage.pl?city=KIMBERLEY (6309 words)

	Ktunaxa-Kinbasket Tribal Council Archives: Archives and the Oral Tradition
		The Ktunaxa concept of what is public and what is private stems from the oral tradition and serves to uphold their special relationship to the land.
		Because the Ktunaxa's relationship to the land touches every aspect of their heritage, and because this relationship can only be protected through a control over heritage information, the Archives' role in the continuum becomes a bit of a paradox.
		For the Ktunaxa Nation, the land is the culture and as a cultual institution, the Archives is an archives of the land.
	aabc.bc.ca /aabc/articles/nlv7n4b.html (2066 words)

	Living Landscapes
		The Ktunaxa traditionally occupy a vast area with a similarly vast range of ecosystems, ranging from interior rainforest to semi-desert.
		The primary goals of the Ethnobotany Project are to document the traditional uses, Ktunaxa names of all the plants and preferred gathering sites; as well as to produce educational materials to be used by younger generations of Ktunaxa to keep the tradition alive.
		Since the beginning of the colonial era the Ktunaxa have seen great losses to their culture through the residential school system, being forced to give up the seasonal round by the introduction of the Reserve System, disease, drugs and many other forces of cultural change.
	www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca /cbasin/ktunaxa/introduction.htm (666 words)

	Multicultural Canada
		The name Ktunaxa, now used in Canada by the Ktunaxa themselves, and the name Kutenai, by which the group is most widely known in both Canada and the United States (and the one still used by the Ktunaxa in the United States), refer to a single ethnic group with a single language.
		Today, all the extant Ktunaxa bands have names based on the name of a place central to a much larger area; none of the now-extinct Ktunaxa communities was named for a place at the edge of their own traditional territory.
		In the Ktunaxa language, there are reciprocal kin terms, the meaning of which differs depending on the generation of the speaker, and also kin terms that are used specifically by a male or a female.
	www.multiculturalcanada.ca /ecp/content/aboriginals_ktunaxa.html (5599 words)

	The Ktunaxa
		The Ktunaxa are characterized by two distinctive groups the Upper and Lower Ktunaxa.
		Through the efforts of the Ktunaxa Bands and our School System, Ktunaxa children and others attending Band and public schools in the East Kootenay region can become Ktunaxa language students and receive credits in the public high schools.
		Today in 2001 there are approximately 1,200 registered members of the Ktunaxa Nation; there are many others who are not registered in the Canadian government Indian registry and also does not include our people who are members of the Ktunaxa USA tribes.
	www.designingnations.com /Ktunaxa.htm (810 words)

	The Y2Y Media Corner
		The Ktunaxa Nation has voiced its concerns with respect to the Jumbo project for many years, and passed resolutions in September 1995 and January 2003 expressing opposition to the project as proposed at the time.
		The Ktunaxa Nation’s position is that its outstanding concerns must be adequately addressed prior to the government’s final decision on the project.
		On August 23, 2004 Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council (KKTC) Administrator Kathryn Teneese requested a meeting with the Ministers responsible for the government’s decision to discuss the Ktunaxa Nation’s issues and concerns regarding the project prior to the original September 17 deadline.
	www.y2y.net /media/mediareleases.asp (2529 words)

	Crowsnest Railway Construction 1/15
		For the Ktunaxa peoples the railway would bring tremendous and lasting changes because it was an enormous catalyst for settlement and subdivision of the land, industrial development, landscape and ecosystem change as well as bringing profound pressures for cultural change.
		Few Ktunaxa people worked for the Canadian Pacific or the Great Northern and the railways were simply part of the overall impact of European cultures on the region.
		For the Ktunaxa People issues of lands and aboriginal title are an ongoing concern and certainly reflect back on the alienation of lands and the disruptions of their culture that came with the building of the Crowsnest Route and the many profound changes that followed the railway.
	www.crowsnest.bc.ca /construction001.html (769 words)

	Kootenay Lake (British Columbia) - First Nation Home Page
		Modern-day Ktunaxa bands are working to ensure the survival of their language and culture through special programming in the local school system.
		The recently-opened Ktunaxa Interpretive Centre and associated cultural tourism attractions near Cranbrook, British Columbia, east of Kootenay Lake, are joint projects of the Canadian bands of the Ktunaxa Kinbasket Nation.
		The Shuswap Band, part of the Ktunaxa Nation, is often referred to as the “Kinbasket” people, named for a “Texqokallt,” or North Thompson Band Shuswap family that immigrated to the Ktunaxa territory almost 200 years ago.
	www.greatcanadianlakes.com /british_columbia/kootenay/culture-home.html (605 words)

	The History and Culture of the Ktunaxa people
		Fish was one of the main food sustenance of the Ktunaxa, therefore, prior to the white contact, our people moved where the food source was abundant.
		Due to the large number of tribes and their people being forced into our region, the Ktunaxa people were not able to defend all the borders of our land.
		The Ktunaxa initiated a tribal treaty with the Salish, which would determine each tribe's new territory and allowed the Ktunaxa to defend our eastern boundaries from infringing tribes.
	www.standingarrow.com /HistoryCulture.html (449 words)

	Ktunaxa Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Besides physical games, stories were and still are a very important part of Ktunaxa/Kinbasket culture as they teach life skills.
		Evenings were particularly relaxing for the Ktunaxa people as this was a time of storytelling.
		Children would listen to stories told to them by their grandparents and other elders as they drifted off to sleep.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /ktunaxa/games.htm (128 words)

	A River Never Sleeps
		The Ktunaxa First Nation and other groups this year asked the International Joint Commission - a body that deals with border water issues - is being asked to consider whether U.S. authorities should be responsible for restoring Ms.
		McCoy said the Ktunaxa were offered compensation for their lost fishing rights by the government, but it wasn’t much.
		And for the Ktunaxa, that would mean once again being able to go down to the river’s edge in the late summer evenings, to spear big chinook and set them on their drying racks.
	www.ariverneversleeps.com /online/currents.shtml (1026 words)

	Native peoples of the kootenays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ktunaxa Nation-Before European contact, the Ktunaxa lived in teepee’s and travelled throughout the Ktunaxa territory as hunter/gatherers.
		The Ktunaxa Nation and Kinbasket People-The traditions and culture of the Ktunaxa are more than 10,000 years old and embodied in a linguistically distinct aboriginal language and a unique Kootenai canoe.
		Ktunaxa / Kinbasket Tribal Council - The member bands are located in the southeastern corner of B.C. within a radius of 100 km from the city of Cranbrook.
	www.kootnet.com /nat.html (220 words)

	The Kootenay Rockies, British Columbia's Mountain Playground (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Linquistically isolated, the Ktunaxa have place names for areas throughout their traditional territory, which incorporated the entire Kootenay Rockies and extends into Montana and Idaho.
		Hoodoos and other geological features are prominent in the Ktunaxa creation story, which reveals much about the Ktunaxa oral history, their territory and the place names given.
		In 2002, as a result of a partnership between Hotels and the Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council, the St. Eugene Mission was transformed into a modern full-service resort.
	www.kootenayrockies.com /members/member.html?id=331&catid=2 (217 words)

	A Web of Understanding - ktunaxa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The name given to the Kootenay area of British Columbia is derived from the name of the first group of people to call the area home, the Ktunaxa Nation.
		In the 1840's, the Ktunaxa were joined in East Kootenay by a small group of Shuswap led by a chief named Kinbasket.
		The experience of the Ktunaxa and Kinbasket people with 19th and 20th century racism is vastly different than that of the various groups that have recently made Kootenay home.
	www.fortsteele.bc.ca /exhibits/understanding/ktunaxa.html (195 words)

	About AAC
		In 1991, the Council’s name was changed to Ktunaxa Nation Council to reflect the origins of the two language groups (Ktunaxa and Secwepemc) in the Traditional Territory.
		Ktunaxa leadership allowed the Shuswap Kinbasket people to stay in Ktunaxa territory where they eventually settled in the Invermere area.
		The goals of the K/KTC include preservation and promotion of Ktunaxa traditional knowledge, language and culture; community and social development and wellness; land and resource development; economic investment; and self-government.
	cfdcmall.com /cms/About_AAC.90.0.html (749 words)

	Malaspina University-College: Campus Career Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This is a full-time term position with the strong potential to become a permanent full-time position.
		The Ktunaxa Kinbasket Treaty Council (KKTC) is seeking an experienced person with demonstrated creativity, initiative and experience to join a dedicated team at a growing First Nations organization.
		Based in Cranbrook, British Columbia you will report to the Information Technology Manager and be responsible for installation, maintenance, and technical support of IT systems for the Ktunaxa Nation Council, Treaty Council, member Bands and other organizations that are a part of the Ktunaxa Nation.
	isweb.mala.bc.ca /stuemp/stuemp.asp?id=3598 (399 words)

	New interpretive centre puts Ktunaxa culture front and centre
		Housing the interpretative centre in the guts of the renovated residential school, formerly known as the Kootenay Indian Residential School, is not without problems because many children suffered at the hands of the institution's caretakers.
		Hunter was one of a number of people who worked on a summer project in 1985, which established a museum in the old residential school's chapel.
		In essence, the interpretive centre becomes a springboard for tourists, locals and band members to understand the Ktunaxa Kinbasket interaction with land.
	www.kahtou.com /images/townsman.html (1059 words)

	OME
		It is the philosophy of KCDC and the community to utilize economic development as a process to achieve self-sufficiency as long as the development is compatible and consistent in preserving, protecting, and enhancing the cultural integrity of the Ktunaxa people, the environment, and the natural resources for our future generations.
		In keeping with the high standards set by the community, committees were established in the areas of health, education, welfare, housing, employment, economic development, land use, and cultural preservation.
		KCDC and its committees are looking towards new innovations that will be compatible with our natural resources, the Ktunaxa culture, and increasing the educational opportunities for the residence of our community.
	www.standingarrow.com (237 words)

	British Columbia Environmental Network — Newsroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Columbia Lake Provincial Park is located within Ktunaxa Traditional Territory in southeastern BC on the east side of Columbia Lake south of the village of Fairmont HotSprings.
		The area described in the FHSR proposal is within Ktunaxa traditional territory and landuse planning undertaken by the Ktunaxa Nation confirms that this area has a highconservation value for the Nation.
		In November 1997 the Ktunaxa Nation drafted a Treaty Negotiations Interim MeasuresProposal which demonstrates the significance of this area to the Ktunaxa and illustrateshow the Ktunaxa have undertaken research and made repeated attempts to protect thisarea.
	www.ecobc.org /News/2005/08/NewsRelease268/index.cfm (873 words)

	[KCUTS] Ktunaxa Hope Postponement of Jumbo Decision Will Give Aboriginal Concerns Due Consideration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Ktunaxa Nation has voiced its concerns with respect to the Jumbo project
		On July 20, 2004 the Ktunaxa Nation submitted its assessment of the measures
		The Ktunaxa Nation's position is that its outstanding concerns must be
	www.kootenaycuts.com /archive?7021 (423 words)

	Selections: This Week in History
		The quantity of Ktunaxa furs increased when LaGassé and LeBlanc became the first winterers west of the Rockies.
		LaGassé and LeBlanc were met by a war party of Nakota (Assiniboine) who demanded to know where they had come from and who their guide, a young Ktunaxa, was.
		According to Ktunaxa oral tradition, when LeBlanc and LaGassé returned to the Columbia Valley that autumn, they were killed by angry Ktunaxa who believed they had deliberately revealed the camp's location to the Nakota.
	www.davidthompsonthings.com /goodfire.htm (443 words)

	Ktunaxa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Before European contact, the Ktunaxa lived in teepee’s and traveled throughout the Ktunaxa territory as hunter/gatherers.
		Today the Ktunaxa live in reservation communities where they participate in the tourism industry.
		The Ktunaxa Teepee Company makes traditional canvas teepees, and they also have a casino.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/ktunaxa.html (85 words)

	IATP \| Community Forestry Resource Center
		The Consultation and Accommodation Agreement governs Tembec’s activities within the Ktunaxa traditional territory, defines a process for consultation between the two parties, and identifies potential means to accommodate Ktunaxa interests.
		Established in the early 1970s, the Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council’s mission is to promote the political goals and developmental needs of the Ktunaxa Nation and Kinbasket people.
		The programs and services of the Council and its affiliates are available to the Council’s member Bands and their citizens living on- or off-reserve, as well as to other status and non-status persons living within the Ktunaxa traditional territory.
	www.forestrycenter.org /headlines.cfm?RefID=74744 (390 words)

	Kutenai Indians
		They operate under a constitution written subsequent to the Wheeler-Howard Act.
		The Indigenous peoples known as the Ktunaxa Indians and often referred to in history books and on maps as the Kootenay Indians live in the Columbia Basin.
		There was another Ktunaxa Indian Reserve near Burton called the Arrow Lakes Indian Reserve, but because of a forcedmove, it is now non-existent.
	www.nelsonbc.ca /pages/directorypages/history/kutenai_indians.html (1135 words)

	Ktunaxa Language
		The Ktunaxa langauage is spoken in south-eastern British Columbia (5 communities), northern Idaho, and in north-western Montana (1 community each).
		I have found a list of the sounds of the language (in American phonetic transcription) in the Handbook of North American Indians, and a map of Ktunaxa communities with their practical aboriginal spelling (from Ktunaxa Legends).
		If you have more information (if you can tell me if I got it right or wrong), or can direct me to some books or other websites, I would appreciate it.
	www.languagegeek.com /isolate/ktunaxa.html (193 words)

	Virtual Online Wrestling Challenge Id 407530 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		ktunaxa makes a stupendous Kick for 3 damage.
		ktunaxa makes a stupendous Irish Whip into the corner for 1 damage.
		ktunaxa makes a stupendous Arm Drag Takedown for 3 damage.
	vow.plit.dk /challenges/4/0/7/5/407530.html (217 words)

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