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	Kuban Cossacks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kuban Cossacks (Russian: Кубанские кaзаки, Kubanskiye Kаzaki) were cossacks that were settled in the region around the Kuban River to protect the southern borders of the Russian Empire.
		In 1933 the Kuban was hit by the massive famine (see Holodomor) and many of the Cossacks descendants have died of starvation.
		After the war the Cossacks were once again removed from the military, but not before they proudly marched on the Red Square in the famous victory parade of 1945 (only the Kuban Cossacks were allowed to march, being the largest group).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kuban_Cossacks (621 words)

	Kuban Cossack Host (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cossacks had originally enjoyed considerable autonomy and were permitted to retain Zaporozhian traditions and practices, these rights were increasingly restricted in the early 19th century.
		Cossacks were often posted in Warsaw and elsewhere in the empire to suppress revolts and serve as special guard units.
		Cossacks to neglect their farms, however, and the constant redistribution retarded the development of modern agricultural practices.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/K/U/KubanCossackHost.htm (514 words)

	INFO OF -Cossacks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cossacks are a group of several peoples living in the southern steppe regions of Eastern Europe and Asiatic Russia, famous for their self-reliance and military skill, particularly horsemanship.
		Cossacks for their part were mostly happy to plunder everybody more or less equally, although in the sixteenth century, with the dominance of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth extending south, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were mostly, if tentatively, regarded by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as their subjects.
		Cossack ambitions to be recognized as equal to the szlachta were constantly rebuffed, and plans for transforming the Two-Nations Commonwealth (Polish-Lithuanian) into Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (with the Ruthenian Cossack people) made little progress due to their lack of popularity within the Commonwealth.
	www.cwap.org /en/cossacks (4529 words)

	Cossacks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cossacks was the name adopted or given to peasants who refused enserfment and settled along the Donetks region of southern Ukraine, between the Dnieper and the Don rivers.
		Cossacks from Zaporozhye settled in the Kuban, northwest of the Black Sea (1792).
		The Cossacks of the Don are the subjects of the novels of the Russian writer Mikhail Sholokhov, who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1965.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /c/cossacks.html (517 words)

	Miscellaneous Axis Military Formations of WWII.
		He was permitted by the local German commanders to establish a squadron of Cossack troopers composed of deserters and volunteers from among the prisoners-of-war, to be used for front-line raiding and reconaissance operations.
		The Cossack formation was not idle and it did perform numerous venturesome raids behind Soviet lines where it preoccupied itself with extermination of Stalinist commissars and collection of their tongues as "war trophies"; it was also involved in several skirmishes with Soviet cavalry detachments.
		Following its formation (in the summer of 1943), the 1-st Cossack Division was composed of seven regiments (two regiments of Don Cossacks, two regiments of Kuban Cossacks, one regiment of Terek Cossacks, one regiment of Siberian Cossacks, and one mixed reserve regiment).
	members.tripod.com /~marcin_w/index-3.html (2936 words)

	Cossacks
		From the 16th century, as the czars extended their realm, the cossacks were subjected to the authority of the Russian government, which tried to incorporate them into the state on the same basis as the other inhabitants of the country.
		Cossack troops were used on a large scale in the suppression of the Russian Revolution of 1905; they refused to be used for the same purpose in the Revolution of 1917.
		Cossack customs and traditions continued to be practiced in several parts of Russia during the Soviet period, particularly in the regions of the Don and Kuban’ rivers.
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/AnthropologyAndCultures/cossacks.htm (904 words)

	ZAPORIZHZHYA. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The island of Khortytsya, in the Dnieper, was headquarters (sich) of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks from the 16th to 18th cent.
		In 1648 the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Chmielnicki, began a series of campaigns that eventually defeated the Poles and freed Ukraine from Polish domination.
		Many Zaporizhzhya Cossacks fled to the khanate of Crimea, but in 1734 they were allowed to return to their old territory and to establish a new Cossack headquarters.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/za/Zaporizh.html (659 words)

	Strelets-R - Military Miniatures of Distinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The luckiest of the Cossack commanders — ‘atamans’ — became ancestral nobility of the empire., and the heir to the throne was nominally considered to be the commander-in-chief of all Cossack units (the number and names of which changed frequently).
		To complete the description of Cossack upbringing and mentality, it’s necessary to mention that though they were very far from an urban life, in comparison to the majority of the population of the Empire they were known for their literacy, which possibly was achieved due to the freedom granted to them.
		The officer of the mounted Terek Cossacks is easily recognised by the army peaked cap and percussion pistol, and the three junior officers in the set of the Kuban Cossacks - two by the shashkas in the hands, and the third holds the shot through flag.
	www.strelets-r.com /Set027/Intro.html (4140 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Kuban (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		KUBAN [Kuban], river, c.570 mi (920 km) long, rising in the Greater Caucasus on the western slopes of Mt. Elbrus, S European Russia, and flowing north in a wide arc past Karachayevsk, Cherkessk, and Armavir, then W past Krasnodar, entering the Sea of Azov through two arms.
		After Catherine II defeated (1775) the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks in Ukraine, some of them emigrated to Turkey, but in 1787 they were allowed to return and settle along the Black Sea between the Dnieper and the Buh rivers.
		In 1860 they were renamed the Kuban Cossacks, while defending the Kuban region from hostile Circassian mountaineers to the south.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Kuban.asp (421 words)

	Ukrainian Language Education Portal - brought to you by the Ukrainian Education Council of Australia
		Initially the ensemble performed under the name of "Kuban Cossack Dancers", but later was named "Kuban Cossacks", as for a lengthy period their repertoire included also instrumental and vocal numbers.
		Incidentally the Kuban half of their title is derived from the Kuban River to the east of the Black Sea where their forebears lived.
		In 1969 the "Kuban Cossacks" were the centre of the Ukrainian Festival at Dauphin in Canada and in numerous similar festivals.
	www.ozeukes.com /lep/lep_std1.php?parm=lep_kuban.php (625 words)

	Russian Cossacks from Kuban - Krasnodar, Novopokrovskaya Cossacks
		As an illustration to the famous Kuban Cossacks high-energy, powerful, and war-like lifestyles, listen to this snippet of their signature tune - Rospryagayte, hloptcy, koney (Rosprjagajte, Hlopci, Konej).
		In the Russian Empire the Cossacks constituted ten separate voiskos, settled along the frontiers: the Don, Kuban, Terek, Astrakhan, Ural, Orenburg, Siberian, Semiryechensk, Amur, and Ussuri voiskos.
		Russian Cossacks on active service were divided into three equal parts according to age, and only the first third (approximately age 18-26) normally performed active service, while the rest effectively functioned as reserves, based at home but bound to march out at short notice.
	personal.atl.bellsouth.net /j/d/jdoxx/faqs.html?action=show&user=cossack (1112 words)

	Resource Information Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cossacks were usually considered to be loyal to the Tsar and were used as a special military or police force for the suppression of internal unrest.
		The Cossack national identity was formed during this period, and is still present today as Cossacks rally to "transform Krasnodar Krai back into the Kuban’ region they view as historically and rightfully theirs".
		In fact, in 1992, one hundred Cossacks, backed by two armored personnel carriers, seized the town hall of Kurganinsk in Krasnodar to protest the refusal of the local government to expel all ethnic Armenians from the region.
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/RUS99002.htm (925 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: COSSACKS USE WHIPS AGAINST PROTESTANTS
		Cossacks in the resort town of Anapa in Krasnodar krai, about 700 miles south of Moscow, have detained and whipped a local Russian Adventist who had been giving away Bibles in a public park.
		This document, warning that 'pseudo-religious preachers' are trying to persuade residents and vacationers in the resort to follow 'false doctrines', proclaims that the Cossacks 'are beginning a decisive struggle against these newly arrived preachers of schism and sectarianism, up to and including their forced expulsion from the krai'.
		The manifesto claims that the Cossacks' campaign has the support of the krai's 'traditional confessions'; in response to the Adventist pastor's question, the ataman's deputy said that these were the confessions which were represented in the city government's council on religion: the Moscow Patriarchate, the Armenian church, the Roman Catholics and the Baptists.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/091698rellaw.shtml (599 words)

	Battlefront - Producers of fine metal and resin miniatures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		During the French Revolutionary War the Don and Ural Cossacks were in the vanguard of the Austrian and Russian armies in 1799, their military prowess soon got the attention of Europe and the Russians under Marshal Suvorov proved equal to the French armies.
		Meanwhile Don, Terek and Kuban Cossacks were expanding the frontiers south in to the Caucasus, where the Don Cossacks picked up their habit of wearing crossed ammunition belts from local tribesmen.
		Cossack farms were collectivised in the early 1930, further reducing their independence.
	www.battlefront.co.nz /Article.asp?ArticleID=954 (2504 words)

	The author of the project of Cossacks 15-21 cent.
		The Cossacks factor in administrative policy of government in the south of Ukraine in the first half of XIX century // Research works of History Department, ZSU.
		Cossacks of Southern Ukraine in the first half of XIX century: the Azov Cossack Host.
		Azov Cossacks - the last Ukrainian reinforcement of the Kuban Cossack Host (on the archives materials) // The results of 2002 folklore and ethnographic research of the Northern Caucasus ethnic cultures.
	www.cossackdom.com /avtore.html (834 words)

	dance
		Cossack is the name given to a group of Russians who live mainly on the steppes north of the Black Sea and Caucasus Mountains and which extend eastwards to the Altai Mountains in Siberia.
		Those living in the region of the Don and Kuban rivers are known respectively as the Don and Kuban Cossacks.
		As the Russian Czars extended their influence, Cossacks were mainly used in military cavalry regiments and later as special troops used to supress internal strife and in pogroms against the Jews.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2000/02/19/entertainment/DANCE.HTM (299 words)

	RUSNET.NL :: Encyclopedia :: Z :: Zaporozhye Cossacks
		The island of Khortytsa, in the Dnepr, was headquarters of the Zaporozhye Cossacks from the XVI
		In 1648 the Zaporozhye Cossacks, led by Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky, began a series of campaigns that eventually defeated the Poles and freed Ukraine from Polish domination.
		Many Zaporozhye Cossacks fled to the khanate of Crimea, but in 1734 they were allowed to return to their old territory and to establish a new Cossack headquarters.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/z/print/zaporozhye_cossacks.shtml (504 words)

	Russian Touring, Russian Travel, Russian Women
		The total Cossack population in 1893 was 2,648,049 (1,331,470 women), and they owned nearly 146,500,000 acres of land, of which 105,000,000 acres were arable and 9,400,000 under forests.
		In time of war the ten Cossack voiskos are bound to supply 890 mounted sotnias or squadrons (of 125 men each), 108 infantry sotnias or companies (same number), and 236 guns, representing 4267 officers and 177,100 men, with 170,695 horses.
		Several Cossack regions were recognized by the Tsars; these were abolished by the Bolsheviks and the Cossack populations dispersed.
	www.cossackconnection.com /cossack.htm (834 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		The Cossack movement originates from the mid-fifteenth century but turned into a mass movement a century later due to worsening living conditions for the peasants.
		Cossacks repeatedly supported peas- ant uprisings but also participated in military campaigns of the Russian army, where they played a major role in the expansion of the Russian Empire and the protection of her borders.
		Some of the largest Cossack formations were located in the Don and the Terek basins, and later the Kuban, close to the Caucasus, and they became strongly involved in the Russian conquest of the Caucasus region.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/bgkafkas/Ethnicgeography_Cossacks.htm (343 words)

	Forums at the Society - Cossacks in the Russian Revolution.
		The long term effect of the governments educational programs aimed at cossacks had the effect on many of them that, when the Tsar abdicated, they felt that their alleigence to Russia was ended.
		Some of these men had been in Cossack groups unofficially put together by German commanders (much like the T-34 use you mentioned, as it was not approved of) before they were incorporated into a German Cossack Division, which was later taken out of the army, and used for the start of the SS Cossack Corps.
		However, not all Cossacks used by the Germans were in the SS Cossack Corps or in Vlasov's army.
	www.militaryhorse.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5542 (7882 words)

	Plastic Soldier Review - Strelets*R Kuban\Terek Cossacks
		While the Cossacks were excellent horsemen, their value in World War I as cavalry in other respects was debated both at the time and since.
		While some Cossacks may have been remounted from central government, and therefore rode standard army horses, it is unclear to what extent this occurred, and in our view this retracts from the Cossack look of the set.
		Cossacks were fiercely loyal to the person of the Tsar and felt no bond with the Russian peasantry, so they made excellent troops in support of the civilian police suppressing revolt and unrest.
	www.plasticsoldierreview.com /Review.asp?manu=STR&code=073 (498 words)

	"AXIS & LEGION MILITARIA" - Axis & Legion Militaria
		These shields were issued to Don Cossacks of the 1st and 5th Don Cossack Regiment as part of the Cossack Calvary Division under the command of Major-General Hlemuth von Pannwitz.
		The Kuban shield was issued to volunteers in the 3rd and 4th Kuban Cossack Calvary Regiments.
		In Italy the Cossack Battalion was refitted to form two Calvary Squadrons under the command of the Italian Calvary Regiment "Lanzieri Novara." The Cossacks were not content to be under an Italian Command.
	axis101.bizland.com /CossackShields02.htm (1301 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Racist Alliance Takes Over Southern Russia Province
		These 300,000 Cossack troops are now being employed officially to enforce "law and order" in Krasnodar Region, setting up road blocks for identity checks, invading buildings and homes, conducting sweeps at markets and transportation centers, and inflicting violence and intimidation aimed at cleansing the Region of non-ethnic Russians.
		Since their re-emergence in 1990, Cossacks in the Kuban region have consistently called for "the drawing up of lists for the deportation of breeds like the Armenians and Jews" from what Cossacks consider their traditional homeland.
		RNU and Cossack formations share a "racially pure Slav" philosophy for membership as well as a program of ethnic cleansing of Caucasians, Turks, and Central Asians from Russia by deporting them to their historic territories in the Former Soviet Union.
	ucsj.org /stories/rus.kras.120497.shtml (1139 words)

	Pravda.RU:Kuban Cossacks' ballet icon
		The fans of the wilful Anastasia Volochkova are so much accustomed to her name being surrounded with high-profile scandals that they may have missed one important, if lower-key, event in her life.
		The ballerina has signed a contract with the opera and ballet theatre of Krasnodar, in the southern Russian province of Kuban, famous for its large Cossack community.
		Kuban audiences have ushered Volochkova in with standing ovations.
	newsfromrussia.com /science/2004/04/22/53555_.html (1062 words)

	Plan For Operations on the Southern Front
		Fundamental to the plan was the identification of the threat from Denikin’s White Guards with the Don and Kuban Cossack communities.
		Denikin’s tasks are offensive, whereas those of the Don and Kuban Cossacks are confined to the defence of their own regions.
		As regards the Kuban, it is opposed to Denikin.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1919-mil/ch104.htm (1387 words)

	Cossacks’ flags (Russia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Officially the oldest cossack army in Russia is Don army (founded 1570).
		Several Cossack regions were recognized by the Tsars; these were abolished by the Bolsheviks and their populations dispersed.
		The revival in Cossack traditions and history has resulted in the revival of the flags of the Don Cossacks and the Kuban Cossacks.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ru_coss.html (174 words)

	Re: Kuban Cossacks
		In Reply to: Re: Kuban Cossacks posted by Andrew on June 14, 2002 at 18:08:35:
		In the 19th century, the Russians took the son of the latest ruler (Alkhass Gerey-Hazhimukov) as amanat and changed his name from Temtetch Gerey Hazhimukov to Nikolay Gazhemukov.
		Also are the Seech-Kuban Cossack a distinct ethnic group or they belong to the Ukrainians or the Russians ethnic groups?
	www.brama.com /survey/messages/26015.html (661 words)

	The Kuban Has Not Risen — The Southern Front: The Military Writings and Speeches of Leon Trotsky: Volume 3
		In the Kuban there are still a lot of counter-revolutionary vermin, and there is much ignorance and superstition.
		But the kulak of the Kuban has already understood that the Soviet power is a power, and that it does not permit anyone to play with fire.
		If the Kuban had decided to follow the Don road, that is, the road of repeated rebellion, it would have suffered the same fate.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1920-mil/ch63.htm (704 words)

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