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	Thomas Samuel Kuhn Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn is most famous for his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in which he presented the idea that science does not "evolve gradually toward truth", but instead undergoes periodic revolutions which he calls paradigm shifts.
		It is important to understand that Kuhn's contribution to the philosophy of science is more precisely an observation about the sociology of science as practiced by humans.
		Kuhn is very often interpreted by post modern and post structuralist thinkers as having undermined the enterprise of science by showing that scientific knowledge is dependent on the culture of groups of scientists rather than on adherence to a specific, definable method.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thomas_samuel_kuhn.html (1109 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn argued that a scientific revolution is a noncumulative developmental episode in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one.
		Kuhn argued that this is not a process of evolution toward anything, and he questioned whether it really helps to imagine that there is one, full, objective, true account of nature.
		Kuhn suggested that questions about whether a discipline is or is not a science can be answered only when members of a scholarly community who doubt their status achieve consensus about their past and present accomplishments.
	www.des.emory.edu /mfp/Kuhnsnap.html (1297 words)

	Thomas Samuel Kuhn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the philosophy of science.
		Descendant of a Jewish family, Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn.
		Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954, and in 1982 was awarded the George Sarton Medal in the History of Science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Samuel_Kuhn (372 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn himself repudiated such ideas and his work makes it clear that the factors determining the outcome of a scientific dispute, particularly in modern science, are almost always to be found within science, specifically in connexion with the puzzle-solving power of the competing ideas.
		Kuhn's challenge to it lay not in rejecting the anti-realism implicit in the view that theories do not refer to the world but rather in undermining the assumption that the relationship of observation sentence to the world is unproblematic.
		Kuhn supposes that individual differences are normally distributed and that a judgment corresponding to the mean of the distribution will also correspond to the judgment that would, hypothetically, be demanded by the rules of scientific method, as traditionally conceived (1977c, 333).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/thomas-kuhn (10597 words)

	Bowie Kuhn \| BaseballLibrary.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn had advised against the use of an arbitrator in the case, his law background perhaps leading him to realize what shaky ground the owners were on.
		Kuhn forestalled a player strike in 1980, but was unable to prevent the mid-season strike of 1981, when the owners stood firm in an ultimately unsuccessful rear-guard action against free agency.
		Kuhn may ultimately be remembered for the spectacular growth of baseball in the 1970s and 1980s, a period that began with expansion in 1969, the same year Kuhn became Commissioner.
	www.baseballlibrary.com /baseballlibrary/ballplayers/K/Kuhn_Bowie.stm (2280 words)

	Thomas Kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn challenges traditional historical accounts of the evolution of science as well as the basic assumptions on which science is founded.
		Kuhn claims that the ultimate resolution of the conflict between competing paradigms is not wholly result of reasoning and comparative analysis; it is affected by external factors as well.
		Kuhn agrees that science evolves, but he rejects the idea that the evolution of science is goal-directed.
	www.scicom.lth.se /fmet/kuhn.html (455 words)

	Thomas Kuhn's irrationalism by James Franklin
		Political scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists recognized Kuhn’s picture of disciplines putting the accumulation of evidence to the background while bringing to the fore fights about theory; they were delighted to hear that what had previously been thought an embarrassment was the way it was done in the most respectable sciences.
		Kuhn’s rhetoric incorporated a few further successful ploys, in that “paradigm” was undoubtedly a cute technical term, as technical terms go, and the phrase “normal science” had just the right hint of superciliousness towards the worker bees who are credulously doing the hard work of science.
		The worst effect of Kuhn, and the one taken up both most unthinkingly and most forcefully across the whole range of disciplines he influenced, has been the frivolous discarding of the way things are as a constraint on theory about the way things are.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/18/jun00/kuhn.htm (3082 words)

	Thomas S. Kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn was the author of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), a seminal work on the nature of scientific change and was widely celebrated as a central figure in contemporary thought about how the scientific process evolves.
		Kuhn, the article says, "was working toward his doctorate in physics at Harvard University when he was asked to teach some science to undergraduate humanities majors.
		Kuhn is survived by his wife, Jehane R. Kuhn; two daughters, Sarah Kuhn of Framingham, Mass., and Elizabeth Kuhn of Los Angles: a son, Nathaniel S. Kuhn of Arlington, Mass.; a brother, Roger S. Kuhn of Bethesda, Md.; and four grandchildren, Emma Kuhn LaChance, Samuel Kuhn LaChance, Gabrielle Gui-Ying Kuhn, and Benjamin Simon Kuhn.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V116/N28/kuhn.28n.html (629 words)

	Thomas Samuel Kuhn -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively on the (additional info and facts about history of science) history of science and developed several important notions in the (additional info and facts about philosophy of science) philosophy of science.
		Kuhn was born in (additional info and facts about Cincinnati, Ohio) Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn.
		Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954, and in 1982 was awarded the (additional info and facts about George Sarton) George Sarton Medal in the (additional info and facts about History of Science) History of Science.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thomas_samuel_kuhn.htm (413 words)

	Richard Kuhn - Biography
		Kuhn investigated theoretical problems of organic chemistry (stereochemistry of aliphatic and aromatic compounds; syntheses of polyenes and cumulenes; constitution and colour; the acidity of hydrocarbons), as well as extensive fields in biochemistry (carotenoids; flavins; vitamins and enzymes).
		Kuhn received numerous other honours and awards in recognition of his work; he was awarded honorary degrees of the Technische Hochschule in Munich (1960), the University of Vienna (1960), the University of St. Maria, Brazil (1961).
		Kuhn is also a member of many scientific academies, societies and organizations in all parts of the world.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1938/kuhn-bio.html (511 words)

	KUHN: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn was greatly disappointed that even most of those well-disposed toward him misconstrued his work, and he found it necessary to dissociate himself from many of his self-appointed followers, but this does not mark him out as singularly hard to please.
		Kuhn was as critical of himself as he was of others, and over the years, made repeated attempts to restate, and to an extent, revise them in a way which was he found satisfactory.
		Kuhn was, however, undoubtedly captivated by the philosophy of science and thought that proper history of science would implicate profound changes in the philosophy of science.
	www.uea.ac.uk /~j339/Kuhntogo.htm (18501 words)

	thomas kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18 1922-June 17 1996) wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the philosophy of science.
		After leaving Harvard, Kuhn taught at the University of California, Berkeley until 1964, at Princeton University until 1979 and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) until 1991.
		Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1962 - ISBN 0226458083.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Thomas_Kuhn.html (183 words)

	Guide to Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions
		Kuhn is concerned to dispel the idea that the common occurrence of scientific discoveries disproves his thesis.
		Kuhn, on the other hand, develops a line of argument that is more or less an inference to the best explanation - if we suppose that problems and standards change across paradigm shifts, then we may explain why there is so often a breakdown in communication.
		Kuhn’s fourth idea of an exemplar is the most interesting element, especially in light of denial of the traditional presumption that theories and laws determine the empirical content of science.
	philosophy.wisc.edu /forster/220/kuhn.htm (8405 words)

	Thomas Samuel Kuhn - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Annette Stroock.
		He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics from Harvard University in 1943, his master's in 1946 and Ph.D. in 1949, and taught a course in the history of science there from 1948 until 1956.
		In a 'pre-paradigmatic phase', the development of the scientific disciplines was ruled by schools without a common terminology or ways of judging between different explanations of observed facts.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Thomas_Kuhn (336 words)

	[No title]
		Kuhn undermines the very notion of a paradigm shift -- the notion of incommensurability -- that was the entire point of originality in his thesis.
		Yeah, Kuhn is too dogmatic about this, and too readily inclined to think that guys just have to die before their paradigms vanish from the earth.
		Neither Kuhn nor Rorty thinks that our current practices (scientific or social) are no more valid than alchemy or trial by ordeal-- both of them are unambiguous about the fact that what we've got now is better than what we had then.
	www.featuringdave.com /logicalmeme/2005/04/enduring-influence-of-thomas-kuhn-pt.html (1449 words)

	Thomas Kuhn, 1922-1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kuhn, a professor of philosophy and history of science at M.I.T. from 1979 to 1983 and the Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy there from 1983 until 1991, was the author or co-author of five books and scores of articles on the philosophy and history of science.
		Professor Kuhn received a doctorate in physics, but not long afterward he switched to the history of science exploring the mechanisms that lead to scientific change.
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn, the son of Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and the former Annette Stroock, was born on July 18, 1922, in Cincinnati.
	www.sal.wisc.edu /~sobolpg/kuhn.htm (953 words)

	Farmer Kuhn - Neighbors - The View from Western Howard County - Zip Publishing
		Kuhn recognized the need for a public college in the Baltimore metropolitan area in the early 1960’s when he was the Vice President of the University of Maryland.
		Kuhn was raised on a 215 acre dairy farm in Lisbon.
		It was the occasion of Kuhn’s retirement that inspired the faculty and staff to recommend that the man who gave his entire professional career to the University of Maryland be honored, and so the Board of Regents in 1982 named the UMBC library the Albin O. Kuhn Library and Gallery.
	www.theviewnewspapers.com /article.asp?article=4640&paper=91&cat=187 (979 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Thomas Kuhn (1922)
		Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-1996) wrote extensively on the history of science, and developed several important notions in the philosophy of science.
		This is what Kuhn calls a paradigm shift, ushers in a new period of revolutionary science.
		Kuhn is very often misunderstood to have said something 'post-modern' about the nature of science.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=283 (982 words)

	Thomas Kuhn
		Kuhn envisioned a science as having, at any one time, a world view, or 'paradigm', of its environment.
		Kuhn felt that most scientists participate in 'normal science' which is any activity consistent with the existing paradigm, with relatively small gains the rule.
		I find Kuhn's image of a paradigm to be very useful in my understanding of myself, and of the changes that take place in all of life, scientific, social, religious, everything.
	www.ee.scu.edu /eefac/healy/kuhn.html (812 words)

	Thomas Kuhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thomas Kuhn's Irrationalism, by James Franklin, New Criterion.
		Thomas S. Kuhn, the Culture War and the Idea of Secession, by Steven Yates.
		Kuhn's notion of the paradigm shift to social and cultural revolutions.
	webpages.shepherd.edu /maustin/kuhn/kuhn.htm (453 words)

	Welcome to Kuhn Employment Opportunities, A Connecticut Non-Profit Agency.
		Kuhn Employment Opportunities, Inc. is a not for profit (501(c)3) organization supporting individuals with disabilities to participate in community employment through assessment, job development, on-the-job training, and on-the-job supports.
		It is the mission of Kuhn to help participants achieve their employment goals.
		Kuhn participants reside throughout Connecticut, primarily in Central Connecticut and Middlesex County.
	www.kuhngroup.org (132 words)

	KUHN farm machinery: Soil Preparation-Seeding-Fertilisation-Spraying-Shredding-Hay/Silage Making-Bedding & Feeding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The KUHN Group, manufacturer of agricultural machinery, announces the takeover of the agricultural division of METASA S/A Industria Metalurgica based in Brazil.
		The KUHN Group, a major player in the world’s agricultural implement industry, has today announced the takeover of the agricultural division of the Brazilian company METASA S/A Industria Metalurgica, based at Passo Fundo in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
		The KUHN FC 303 and FC 353 with side-pull or centre-pivot drawbar have received a distinction for their CONSTANT FLOAT suspension system at the EIMA international exhibition.
	www.kuhnsa.com (479 words)

	Thomas S. Kuhn -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Kuhn earned bachelor's (1943) and master's (1946) degrees in physics at Harvard University but obtained his Ph.D. (1949) there in the history of science.
		Kuhn, Thomas S. American historian of science noted for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), one of the most influential works of history and philosophy written in the 20th century.
		Kuhn studied physics at Harvard University, where he earned (1949) a Ph.D. in physics.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9002756 (773 words)

	Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions - outline
		Kuhn begins by formulating some assumptions that lay the foundation for subsequent discussion and by briefly outlining the key contentions of the book.
		Kuhn observes that his view is not the prevalent view.
		The developmental process described by Kuhn is a process of evolution from primitive beginnings—a process whose successive stages are characterized by an increasingly detailed and refined understanding of nature.
	www.des.emory.edu /mfp/Kuhn.html (8208 words)

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	PhilSci Archive - Carnap, Kuhn and Revisionism: On the Publication of "Structure" in "Encyclopedia" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One aspect of this revisionism is the thesis that Carnap’s later thought is compatible with that of Kuhn and even that Carnap anticipates some relevant points of Kuhn’s theory of science.
		In this paper I argue against revisionist’s interpretation to the fact of publication of Kuhn’s "The Structure o Scientific Revolutions" in the "Encyclopedia of Unified Science", co-edited by Carnap, as evidence of the compatibility between Carnap’s and Kuhn’s respective philosophies of science.
		I claim that from Carnap’s point of view the book by Kuhn is not in philosophy of science, but rather in history of science, and so that there is no justification for the revisionist idea that Carnap would “have found Structure philosophically congenial”.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00000530 (251 words)

	Kuhn, Thomas Samuel. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He subsequently taught at the Univ. of California, Berkeley (until 1964), Princeton (until 1979), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (until 1991).
		Kuhn held the abandoned paradigm and the embraced one to be “incommensurable” with one another such that the fundamental concepts of one cannot be rendered by the terms of the other.
		Kuhn’s other works include The Copernican Revolution (1957) and The Essential Tension (1977).
	www.bartleby.com /65/ku/Kuhn-Tho.html (244 words)

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