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	THE DECLINE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE - TARTARS' DEFEAT IN THE KULIKOVO BATTLE
		An so, on 8 September 1380 the Kulikovo Fields became the witnesses of one of the greatest and bloodiest battles of the Middle Ages, and one of the most significant battles in the history of mankind.
		The Kulikovo Battle has been forever noted in the History as one of the greatest Russian victories, whereas Dimitri gained the nickname Donskoy and was elevated to the sainthood.
		For Russia the victory in the Kulikovo Fields became an important factor in the process of re-unification, first of all in the sense of display of the national consciousness and manifestation of the unity of Russian lands.
	www.cozy-corner.com /history_eng/events_end_golden_horde.htm (1836 words)

	Kulikovo battle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The new period in the history of the Kulikovo Polye was opened by the Decree of the Soviet government ‘On the preparation to the 600 anniversary of the Kulikovo battle’.
		In general, the Kulikovo Polye is one of the most important subjects of study of the rural population in the ancient period of the Russian history (similar to the surroundings of Chernigov and Suzdal area).
		The complex archeological and geographical researches of the last 17 years proved that on the territory of the Kulikovo Polye, not far from the place of the battle, there are the pieces of land with the steppe flora, such as feather-grass, and the woods, close to the primitive forests.
	www.kulpole.ru /ENG/KUL_BIT_E.htm (1397 words)

	Battle of Kulikovo
		The battle of Kulikovo between Tartars and Russians took place in 1380 at the Kulikovo field near the Don River.
		Combined Russian armies under the command of the prince of Moscow Dmitri Ivanovich (later called Dmitri Donskoi[?]) faced much larger Tartar forces under the command of Mamai, the strong military leader of the Golden Horde, (who was not one of Chingiz Khan's family).
		This victory was the beginning of the end of Mongol rule in Russia, which officially ended at the battle of Ugra.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Kulikovo.html (189 words)

	Kulikovo, battle of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Kulikovo, battle of, 1380, victory of Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow over Khan Mamai of the Golden Horde.
		The battle was fought on a plain by the Don near the present village of Kurkino, Russia, SE of Tula.
		Although the victory was the first Russian defeat of the Tatars, it did not eliminate Mongol rule, which endured for another century.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-kulikovo.html (172 words)

	Zadonshchina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The narrative is opposed to "The Word about Igor's Regiment", which described a defeat of the Russian army in the battle with Polovtsy and a brilliant victory of the Russian armed forces led by Moscow prince Dmitry.
		Kulikovo battle (frequently referred to as Mamai battle) did not terminate foreign yoke in Russia (it would be only in 100 years - in 1480), but the character of relations between Russian principalities and the Horde drastically changed, the dominant and unifying role of the Moscow principality and the Moscow prince became evident.
		The author of the work exclaims, that the glory of the victory on Kulikovo field reached different parts of the world.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/5824.html (809 words)

	Boulder Games-StoreFront Product Detail Page
		For 150 years, Tartar armies had readily destroyed all Russian opposition, and Kulikovo was the first sign that Russia was starting to emerge from Tatar domination.
		Kulikovo is considered a major turning point/battle of the Middle Ages, in that it not only showed that a western-style, “heavy” army could defeat the Mongols, but it was also the first major step in the unification of the various Russian principalities under the leadership of Muscovy.
		Kulikovo is an accessible, fast-playing, fun game of low complexity.
	bouldergames.com /detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=2374 (338 words)

	The State Museum of Military History and Natural Preserve "The Kulikovo Field" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In significance, the Museum-Preserve "The Kulikovo Field" is one of the three battlefields of Russia which are of national importance.
		The main goal of the museum-preserve is the preservation of the unique historic and landscape complex "The Kulikovo Field", ensuring the integrity of the natural and historic enviroment, the study and use of the unique heritsge of history.
		The specificity of the museum preserve activity is to develop the methodological bases of the preservation and the use of the heritage of a very special kind of a historic, cultural and natural territory - a battlefield.
	www.russianmuseums.info /M603 (220 words)

	Evolution Of The Kulikovo Field
		Therefore, the first phase of developing Kulikovo Field was a delicate one and not disastrous for environment, the specialists are talking about formation of the local type of agricultural landscape.
		By the end of the 16th century, when 60 percent of the territory was occupied by a fallow land, the next phase of land-reclamation began.
		Thus, Kulikovo Field, under the influence of politics, state structure, stability and instability, made the 800-year turnaround and again returned back to cattle-breeding almost of the Bronze Age.
	innovations-report.com /html/reports/.../report-47587.html (782 words)

	The Kulikovo Field Mystery Is Finally Solved :: Sounds Like A Breakthrough :: Education & Science :: Russia-InfoCentre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Kulikovo field mystery — the lack of burial grounds — has generated many incredible hypotheses: starting with denial of the very fact of this historical battle and ending with suggestion that the battle took place near the walls of Moscow Kremlin.
		Eastern part of the Kulikovo field was used for agricultural needs till spring 2006, thus scientists were unable to perform any surveys.
		Bodies of the deceased were buried in the shallow graves — as deep as the fl soil layer was, which is now undoubtedly clear because this layer is followed by dense continent clay, which is difficult to dig with a wooden shovel with a metal edge common for those times.
	www.russia-ic.com /education_science/science/breakthrough/290 (669 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Reshid Yegeferov, the coordinating chairman of the Tatar National Council, told Ekho Moskvy on 23 May that the Tatar public is opposed to celebrations marking the anniversary of the battle of Kulikovo, which began 23 May 1380 in the Nikolo-Ugreshskii monastery in the Moscow Oblast city of Dzerzhinskii.
		And if celebrations of the Kulikovo battle begin nevertheless, this will be made public." He added that "this will be unpleasant for both Tatars and Russians, as the governments of Tatarstan and Moscow are not interested in such scientific discussions.
		"One shouldn't think the meaning of the Kulikovo battle was the fight of the Russians against the Tatar-Mongols." The patriarch said there were many Tatars among the fighters loyal to Russian Prince Dmitrii Donskoi, as well as Russians on the side of the Golden Horde's Khan Mamai.
	www.rferl.org /reports/tb-weekly-report/2005/05/0-310505.asp (3653 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Kulikovo,
		He successfully resisted Lithuanian attempts to invade Moscow, and was the first Russian prince since the Mongol conquest who dared to wage open war on the Tatars.
		Russian literature literary works mainly produced in the historic area of Russia, written in its earliest days in Church Slavonic and after the 17th cent.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Kulikovo," at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Kulikovo, (287 words)

	Battle of Kulikovo to Be Refought on the Maidan - Kommersant Moscow
		Battle of Kulikovo to Be Refought on the Maidan - Kommersant Moscow
		Battle of Kulikovo to Be Refought on the Maidan
		Cyril and Methodius under fl banners decorated with bundles of golden arrows declared that “Great Russia was born out of the victory at Kulikovo” and called on the authorities to make the day a holiday in place of June 12 (Russian Independence Day).
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?id=611063 (346 words)

	AllRefer.com - Kulikovo, battle of (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Kulikovo, battle of (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History) - Encyclopedia
		Kulikovo, battle of, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History
		Kulikovo, battle of[kOOlyikO´vu] Pronunciation Key, 1380, victory of Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow over Khan Mamai of the Golden Horde.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Kulikovo.html (190 words)

	Woodrow’s Toy Soldiers :. Battle of Kulikovo
		The military and historical game "Kulikovo's Battle" is based on heroical events, which took place on 8 September 1380, when the Russian retinues under the command of Moscow Prince Dimitry Donkoi defeated the Golden Horde led by Khan Mamai.
		The obtesting armies commanded by players meet on the historical Kulikovo field.
		The military characteristics of the armies are also close to the historical ones down to the limit.
	www.toysoldiers.ca /c228469p16482170.2.html (187 words)

	Camp in the Kulikovo field (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Our tourist complex is situated at the scene of a grandiose battle in the Kulikovo field, on the bank of the Don River, not far from the legendary “Well of Forgiveness” (a mineral spring).
		During a walking tour, you will visit secret places of the Kulikovo field, see its original vegetative world and the most beautiful landscapes.
		You will also have an opportunity to visit archeological sites (if there are excavations carried out at the time of your visit).
	www.kulpole.ru /ENG/EXS_biv_E.htm (334 words)

	Amazon.com: "Battle of Kulikovo": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The event that has come to symbolize the might of Moscow and its prince, however, is the Battle of Kulikovo.
		The famous Battle of Kulikovo against the Tatars in 1380 was often featured in peasant songs.
		To avenge their defeat, the Mongols lay siege to Moscow two years later and burn it to...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Battle-of-Kulikovo (499 words)

	Hashbat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The parallel examples of such interpretation can be found in the texts about the battle in which Russians fought the Mongol-Tatars in 1380 on Kulikovo field and the battle in which Serbs fought the Osmanli Turks in 1389 on Kosovo field.
		We may presume that since the Kosovo and Kulikovo collections of cultural texts have been actuated in modern Serbian and Russian culture they have necessarily undergone transformations in which dislocation of certain elements has led to the generation of novel meaning.
		These new meanings in their turn not only influence a generation of new texts which are contingent on the original texts but they also determine the perception of the original texts themselves.
	aatseel.org /program/aatseel/2000/abstract-212.html (527 words)

	The Battle of Kulikovo, 8 Sept. 1380 (DBA Battle Scenario) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		One of the defining battles of Medieval Russia, Kulikovo was fought on 8 September 1380 on the fields of the Kulikovo Podye near the confluence of the Nepryadva and Don rivers.
		The battle traces its origins to a previous battle, fought on 11 August 1378 at the Vozzha river, where the Grand Prince of Moscow decisively defeated a horde lead by Murza Begich.
		The next morning, the Russians filed across the bridge and into the Kulikovo Podye, where Dmitri arrayed his army in three lines.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/Kulikovo/index.html (917 words)

	Penza Region (Russia)
		Arrangement on the flag of the symbolic means of Saviour developers connect also with the nationwide status of the christian holidays noted in Penza region — honey, apple and bread Saviours, who fall at the end of the summer.
		The head represent the Holy Face and the banner with this head was shown in the war of Kulikovo Pole in 1380.
		After a fierce battle (not war) the Muscovites prevailed on the field of Kulikovo — Куликово Поле, now in the southeast of Tula oblast, Russia.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/ru-pnz.html (687 words)

	THE VOICE OF RUSSIA [Tid-Bits of the Week ]
		The victory that the Russians won on the Kulikovo field in 1380 was of paramount importance for the unification of separated Russian principalities to form a single centralized state under the aegis of Moscow, a state that, once
		The Russian armies were impressed by the Horde’s multitudinous array and their beastly ferocious appearance but the enemy, for their part, was clearly intimidated by the Russians’ glittering armour.
		Essentially, the Kulikovo Field is the source of Russian statehood, and that’s the reason why any Russian sees it as a sacred place.
	www.vor.ru /English/Exclusives/excl_next1442_eng.html (964 words)

	Houses / homes / Real Estate for sale or for rent in Kulikovo, Lipetsk, Russia - and vacation rentals
		You benefit from living in the environment of your choice plus, in many cases, your improvements add to the value or saleability of your home.
		It is important to remember that your home may be at risk if you do not keep up repayments on a mortgage or other loan secured on it.
		If you do not already own a house / home you might consider renting a home in Kulikovo while your real estate purchase proceeds.
	www.propertyworld.com /_Russia_Lipetsk_Kulikovo (931 words)

	Sedmitza - sedmitza.ru//Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church was decorated with this prestigious award for his selfless toils in connection to the organisation of celebrations dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory and the 625th anniversary of the battle on Kulikovo Field this year.
		Opening the session, the Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church said, in particular: "My cordial greetings to all members of the Holy Synod on this session, which, according to tradition, is held on the eve of the memory day of St. Sergius of Radonezh.
		On July 31, within the framework of the celebrations of the 625th anniversary of the battle on Kulikovo Field, His Holiness the Patriarch paid a visit to the monastery of the Holy trinitya and St. Sergius in Varnitsy (Yaroslavl diocese).
	eng.sedmitza.ru /?did=1491 (3902 words)

	Russia Locations List - Kulikovo to Kulishovka
		Kulikovo Pole, Populated Place, Long: 38.67111 Lat: 53.4225
		Kulikovo Pole, Railroad Station, Long: 38.64833 Lat: 53.41806
		Kulikovo Polye, Railroad Station, Long: 38.64833 Lat: 53.41806
	www.traveljournals.net /explore/russia/locations/k/746.html (161 words)

	The Zadonshchina
		Already there have arisen strong winds from the sea; they have wafted a great cloud to the mouth of the Dnieper, against the Russian land; bloody clouds have issued from it, and blue lightnings flash through them.
		There will be a mighty din and thunder between the Don and the Dnieper, and bodies of men will fall on the field of Kulikovo, and blood will flow on the river Nepryadva, for the carts have already creaked between the Don and Dnieper, and the pagan Tartars march against the Russian land.
		On that field mighty clouds encountered, and in them lightnings frequently flashed, and terrible thunders clapped: it is the Russian brave warriors who were engaging the pagan Tartars for the great insult, and their mighty gilded armour glistened, and the Russian princes thundered with their tempered swords against the Tartar helmets.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Zadon.html (1465 words)

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