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In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)

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	NTM News: More Kumans in Christ
		Komba has joined the ranks of several other Kumans of Papua New Guinea who recently put their faith in Christ.
		His withdrawal from the translation team will not only affect his testimony, but would also be a setback to the translation process.
		Praise God for the new Kuman believers and pray for their growth.
	canada.ntm.org /news/6 (365 words)

	Political History of Kumans
		Kumans defeated Russians in 1061 after leader Bolus who agreed with Pereyaslavl Knez in 1055, and in 1068, entered Pereyaslavl again on grounds that they took some Uz and Pacheneg groups fleeing them under their service and routed united army of Russian Knezes (Alta river war, near Kiyef); they approached near Cernigo knev country.
		Kumans (Kipchaks) who made raids on Rostovstev, Neyatin region in 1071, Voin town in 1079, and Novgorod area the next year, spread their dominance in 1080's as far as Danube mouth from Balkas lake-Talas vicinity, balance center being Don-Dniester.
		Kuman union in the vicinity of Kiyef which lost its youth and resistant resisting leaders one by one during constant conflicts showed signs of weekness.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0001/0001_14_02.htm (786 words)

	[No title]
		According to Dmitriy V. Ryaboy, it was political circumstances that caused the Kumans to separate from the Kimaks and moved west.
		Those Kumans that remained in the Volga region and survived the Mongol incursion ultimately joined the khanate of the Golden Horde and eventually became Muslim.
		The Kumans in the West became Christian and an area that included Romania and Moldova held the name of Diocese of the Kumans until 1523.
	www.skumanich.net /historycumanis.htm (1212 words)

	Kipchaks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The western Kipchaks was known as Cumans (Kuman, Kuns) in Western Europe and Polovtsy (Polovtsians) in Russia and Ukraine, or by other names, most of which have the meaning "pale", or "sallow".
		After the breakup of the Mongol empire, the Kipchaks became the part of the khanate comprising present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, called the Golden Horde, the westernmost division of the Mongol empire.
		The Kuman, or western Kipchak tribes, fled to Hungary, and some of their warriors became mercenaries for the Latin crusaders and the Byzantines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kipchaks (565 words)

	Kipchaks - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The western Kipchaks are also known as Cumans, Kumans, Kun, Polovtsi and Polovtsians.
		They arrived in the steppes from the northern shore of the Black Sea during the 12th century, under the pressure of the Mongols.
		They were pushed out of Inner Mongolia into Khorasan, the Dasht-e Kipchak (the Kumans' plains) and into Pannonia.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/k/i/p/Kipchak.html (215 words)

	Jens Bjerre: Cannibal Love Customs (6)
		The religious life of the Kumans is dominated by ancestor worship.
		The belief that the dead continue their existence in another form is exemplified in the funeral rites of the Kumans.
		Immediately after a man has died, the corpse, daubed with grease and decorated with shells, is put on a rough bier and exposed in the village square.
	www.heretical.com /bjerre/love6.html (749 words)

	Jens Bjerre: Cannibal Love Customs (5)
		Kumans seldom leave their village without wearing some kind of protective magic.
		Apart from invisible magic, there are also (the Kumans believe) real spirits around them, disembodied beings who observe and judge all human actions and, in this sense, take the place of what civilization knows as conscience.
		If there is a disturbance among the pigs, then these spirits have stampeded them; and to ward off further attacks from spirits, the owner kills a small pig and flings some of its flesh into the dark shadows of the jungle.
	www.heretical.com /bjerre/love5.html (1086 words)

	NTM News: Twelve more Kumans believe
		Batnas, the teenage boy who became a believer a week earlier, encouraged other Kumans at a meeting on Thursday as he gave a clear testimony that Jesus paid for all of his sins on the cross.
		Saturday, Ken and Kim took Kuman believer Ruth and her sister Sandy to visit the elderly couple Dua and Agnes.
		Several Kumans who became believers last November have been instrumental in reaching the new believers.
	www.ntmdownunder.org /news/1213 (447 words)

	NTM News: Six Kumans learn to read
		John, a middle aged man, is one of six students that recently graduated from the first Kuman literacy class that is taught by Will's wife, Kelly.
		John, a believer, is one of those who desires to teach his fellow Kumans to read so that they too can read the Scriptures translated by Will and his co-worker Ken White.
		He is now a "teacher in training," assisting Kelly as she teaches seven students in a new class that started this week.
	www.ntmdownunder.org /news/774 (285 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Kumans means probably "yellow hair people" in ugro-altaic languages.
		Actually kumans were used as allies from most of Bulgarian tsars - Asen I, Kalo'an, Ivan Asen II and etc. They populeted territories of today's south Romania and until 12 century this territories were part of Bulgaria.
		This can be sign that kumans were high,blond and beautiful people.I'am also blond-brown.And a big percent of bulgars+macedonian bulgars are blond or with brown hairs.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1722&PN=3 (969 words)

	History of Kunbaja (Hungary, Magyarorszag, Ungarn) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Kumans, also known as the Kipchaks, were a Turkic group that originated near China and joined with the Karaktai confederation, a group which had banded together to combat the growing power of the Mongols of Genghis Khan.
		When the confederation was destroyed by the Mongols in 1237, the Kumans fled across the Carpathians where they were welcomed by the Kingdom of Hungary, then also in conflict with the Mongols.
		Their name, Kuman, also "Kun" (sometimes spelled "Quon") is preserved in the name Kunbaja.
	spotlightongames.com /genealogy/khistory.html (797 words)

	The Song of Igor's Campaign, Igor son of Svyatoslav and grandson of Oleg
		The banners speak: "The Kumans are coming from the Don and from the sea 210 and from all sides!" The Russian troops retreat.
		In the field unknown, midst the Kuman land, the fl sod under hooves was sown with bones and irrigated with gore.
		Early did you begin to worry with swords the Kuman land, 460 and seek personal glory; but not honorably you triumphed for not honorably you shed pagan blood.
	lib.sarbc.ru /koi/NABOKOW/slovo.txt (3288 words)

	The Lay of Igor’s Campaign and the Works It Has Inspired
		This battle and its aftermath would become the topic of the Russian literary epic, “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign.” Its conclusion was not what one would expect; the hero was not a fearless Beowulf, a mighty Roland, nor even a betrayed Siegfried.
		Igor is apparently not superstitious and he tells his men that it is better to die in battle than to be captured.
		On the second day of battle, there are two Kuman Khuns; Gzu (Gzak) and Konchak, and they attack the four Russian princes (Igor, his son Oleg/Vladimir, Igor’s brother, Vsevolod, and Igor’s nephew, Sviatoslav).
	www.sras.org /news2.phtml?m=478 (5367 words)

	The Huns
		The modern Hungarians (excluding Slavonic elements) are probably a mixture of these Magyars with the remnants of older invaders such as Huns, Petchenegs and Kumans.
		The Turks were perhaps not distinguished by name or institutions from other tribes before the 5th century, but the Huns may have been an earlier offshoot of the same stock.
		Apart from this the Hungarians may have received an infusion of Turkish blood not only from the Osmanlis but from the Kumans and other tribes who settled in the country.
	www.turkleronline.com /turkler/turk_turuk/koken_isim/datelines/thehuns.htm (2771 words)

	NTM News: More Kumans saved
		GOROKA, Papua New Guinea (Nov. 24, 2003): The first sister in Christ among the Kumans of Papua New Guinea, Ruth, has been joined by others who have responded positively to the Gospel.
		On Thursday missionaries presented the death, burial and resurrection of Christ to two groups of Kumans.
		Kuman couple want to hear Bible teaching - 2003.08.13
	www.ntm.org /news/10 (252 words)

	Life in 13th Century Novgorod -- Chronology
		1200-Prince Roman of Galicia and Volhania defeats Kumans.
		Kumans help Russian Prince Mstislav oust Hungarians and Poles from Galicia, Daniel Romanovich becomes prince of Galicia.
		Kumans conquered, 40,000 flee Mongols, are allowed to resettle in Hungary.
	www.geocities.com /ilyana7/novgorod/nov18.html (701 words)

	COMMENTS ON FOMENKOLOGY: MY COMMENTS No
		There the conversion of Kumans started by Dominicans; in 1227 the mission bishopry of Milkó was established [27].
		Genghis Khan fought the Kumans in 1223 at the Kalka River, near to Maeotis.
		In 1236, however, Batu Khan (this is the Hungarian form!) decisively defeated somewhere near to Bolgar the Kumans and Volga Bolgars.
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/FOMENKO2.htm (10905 words)

	The Balkans eBook
		This cruel and unscrupulous though determined ruler soon made an end of all his enemies at home, and in eight years achieved such success abroad that Bulgaria almost regained its former proportions.
		The French, who had just established themselves in Constantinople during the fourth crusade, imprudently made an enemy of Kaloian instead of a friend, and with the aid of the Tartar Kumans he defeated them several times, capturing and brutally murdering Baldwin I.
		But in 1207 his career was cut short; he was murdered while besieging Salonika by one of his generals who was a friend of his wife.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/11716/19.html (426 words)

	WILLIAM RUBRUQUIS OF BRABAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He reported that in the Crimea, between Sudak and Khersones, there were then at least 40 fortified cities, and in each of them the people spoke a different language.
		Passing through Perekop, the traveler observed that north of that city, that is, in the Steppe Ukraine, lived the people known as Kumans.
		Under constant assault by the Tartars, a great part of these people (former Pechenegs) had died from hunger and pestilence.
	www.rusyn-radio.dns2go.com /RADIO_TV_SITE/html_files/william_rubruquis_of_braband.htm (456 words)

	Polovtsian
		Polovtsian (russian), also known as Kipcheak, Kumans or Kun.
		Ancient Turk tribe, arrived in the steppes from the northern shore of the Black Sea during the XIIthe century AD, under the pressure of the Mongols.
		They were pushed out of Inner Mongolia, into Khorassan, the Dest'i Kipcheak (the Kumans' plains) and into Pannonia.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/p/po/polovtsian.html (101 words)

	Index
		The surname itself means something like "person from/of Kuman." In the Slavic language, S’ is a preposition, Kuman is the name of a Turkic tribe, and the “ich” is a diminuitive suffix used as a patronymic.
		Whether or not Skumaniches are direct descendants of the Kuman tribe or just came from a region that was called Kumania, they exhibit certain physical traits that are considered Asiatic.
		There are also aspects to the irises of the eye that show up in some descendants that are considered Asiatic.
	www.skumanich.net (614 words)

	The Byzantine Empire during the Crusades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Baldwin laid siege to Adrianople but was captured.
		The Kumans left, so Ionnitsa was forced to raise the siege.
		Ionnitsa believed the Greeks betrayed him and massacred the population.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /Byzantium/13.shtml (345 words)

	ENGL 2120
		As the Geats had to attempt survival without Beowulf’s protection, the Russians fruitlessly attempt to withstand the invading forces of the Kumans, eventually being conquered by the Golden Hoard of Mongolia.
		Igor, a prince of one of the regions of Kievan Rus, raises his army against the Kumans and engages in a battle to end the Kumans ceaseless raids on Russian frontier towns.
		Although the Geats most certainly faced defeat without Beowulf, in Wiglaf they at least had a leader to assume command; the Russians maintained a leader, as Igor does not die, but as the Mongols have already overrun the land, no hope of victory can remain.
	www.valdosta.edu /~raboyd/engl.2120.4.html (1325 words)

	The Song of Igor's Campaign Summary & Essays - Anonymous
		It was written between 1185 and 1187, shortly after the events it describes took place.
		The epic relates the unsuccessful expedition of Prince Igor of Novgorod-Seversk, in Russia, against the nomadic tribes known as the Kumans, who had been raiding Russian lands in the southeast.
		Igor is defeated and captured but he eventually escapes and returns to Russia.
	www.enotes.com /song-igors (423 words)

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