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Topic: Kumarajiva

	Mountain Songs
		Kumarajiva's mother clearly recognized the penetrating intelligence of her son and was determined to give him the best available philosophical and spiritual training.
		Kumarajiva felt a tremendous sense of release and emancipation, declaring that he had been like a person who did not know what gold is and had previously taken brass for something wonderful.
		Kumarajiva found this phase of his life both hard and frustrating, because he was taunted for his convictions and practices and was unable to undertake the work he believed he was destined to perform.
	www.mountainsongs.net /poet_.php?id=192 (2995 words)

	Kumarajiva Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Kumarajiva was born in the central Asiatic city of Kucha, son of an Indian Brahmin and a Kuchean princess.
		Lü Kuang did capture Kumarajiva but kept him captive in his western kingdom of the Latter Liang for 17 years, first humiliating him and forcing him to break his vows of celibacy and then using him as an official in his court.
		Kumarajiva was again the prize of a military expedition when Yao Hsing, the ruler of the Latter Ch'in, sent a force to attack Ku-tsang, the Latter Liang capital (in Kansu), in the summer of 401, and Kumarajiva was able to enter Ch'ang-an early in 402.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/kumarajiva (590 words)

	Kumarajiva - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He traveled to Chang'an (now Xi'an), the capital of China, in 401 at the request of its ruler, Yao Xing of the Later Qin.
		With the aid of numerous collaborators and assistants, Kumarajiva became one of the most prolific translators of Buddhist texts in history, rendering some seventy-two texts into Chinese.
		Kumarajiva had four main disciples: 道生 Daosheng, 僧肇 Sengzhao, 道融 Daorong, and 僧叡 Sengrui.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kumarajiva (683 words)

	Kumarajiva presented in Religion section
		Amongst them, Kumarajiva was the most prominent one in the early years.
		Unique is the adjective, which most accurately characterizes almost every aspect of Kumarajiva’s life his parentage, birth, journeys, education, imprisonment, work and old age.
		The pace was leisurely, for every kingdom and principality along the way feted and honoured him, and several urged him to take up residence as a teacher and adviser.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/comments/kumarajiva (3503 words)

	Kumarajiva - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He grew up in centers of Hinayana Buddhism, but he was converted to Mahayana Buddhism in his teens and became a specialist in Madhyamika philosophy.
		From 401 he was at the Ch'in court in the capital Chang'an (the modern Xi'an), where he taught and translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.
		Kumarajiva's career had an epoch-making influence on Chinese Buddhist thought, not only because he made available important texts that were previously unknown, but also because he did much to clarify Buddhist terminology and philosophical concepts.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-kumaraji.html (371 words)

	The Hindu : The historical perspective
		Kumarajiva and Bodhidharma, who went from India to China, and Fa Hsien and Yuan Chuang, who came from China to India, are four familiar names who greatly enriched the knowledge and understanding of their countries of origin to their hosts.
		Kumarajiva, was the son of an Indian scholar from Kashmir.
		Kumarajiva was a student of the Vedas as well [see: Libenthal, W.,: The Book of Chao (p.67)].
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2001/04/22/stories/13220468.htm (1379 words)

	Kumarajiva Pagoda at Caotang Temple in Huxian County of Shaanxi Province
		Kumarajiva Pagoda at Caotang Temple in Huxian County of Shaanxi Province
		Kumarajiva (344-413) was a noted translator of Buddhist classics.
		The whole structure of the pagoda and its carvings are vigorous and graceful The pagodas main body is carved from jade of eight colours -- white, greenish, fl, bright yellow, reddish, light blue, purple and dark gray -- hence it is also known as the Eight-Color Jade Pagoda.
	www.china.org.cn /english/TR-e/43111.htm (286 words)

	Newsletter - 7/27/04 - The Diamond Sutra
		Kumarajiva is considered one of the greatest translators of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Chinese.
		Kumarajiva was most famed for his encyclopaedic knowledge of the Indian and Vedantic learning and the photographic memory of the Buddhist scriptures.
		Kumarajiva was a genius in language and literature.
	www.urbandharma.org /udnl3/nl072704.html (6801 words)

	Dharma Realm Buddhist Association - Dharma
		Although Kumarajiva's father had previously cultivated the Way, he was now too much in love with his wife to permit her to leave home.
		Kumarajiva said to the king of Kucha, 'China is sending troops, but do not oppose them.
		Kumarajiva, who had spiritual powers, knew a rain was coming which would flood the valley.
	www.drba.org /dharma/btts/9xxentrydetail.asp?wid=150 (777 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism
		When Kumarajiva was seven years old, his mother renounced secular life and traveled with him to India and several other countries to study Buddhism.
		Finally, however, Kumarajiva made his way to Ch'ang-an in 401 at the invitation of Yao Hsing, ruler of the Later Ch'in dynasty.
		Prized by later generations for their excellence and clarity, Kumarajiva's translations profoundly influenced the subsequent development of Buddhism in China and Japan.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/dictionary/define?tid=41 (333 words)

	Hinduism Today \| Jul 1989
		A scholar could tend his manuscripts, marvelously preserved in the dry climate, and enjoy the privilege of discussion with fellow academics from dozens of sects-all in a setting of enviable opulence and the sparkling clime of the water-giving mountains.
		Kumarajiva was a Hindu brahmin, born in Kucha of brahmin parents from India.
		In the ensuing struggle, Kumarajiva was taken captive by the general.
	www.hinduismtoday.com /archives/1989/07/1989-07-07.shtml (2005 words)

	Chinese Translation Theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kumarajiva’s translation practice was to translate for meaning.
		Kumarajiva felt that “man and heaven connect, the two able to see each other” (人天交接,兩得相見) would be more idiomatic, though heaven sees man, man sees heaven is perfectly idiomatic.
		Sengrui was critical of his teacher Kumarajiva's casual approach to translating names, attributing it to Kumarajiva's lack of familiarity with the Chinese tradition of linking names to essences (名實).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_Translation_Theory (1244 words)

	Custom3
		Of the contemporaries of Kumarajiva, there are more names of great scholars who contributed to various activities of Buddhism including translation of texts into Chinese.
		Vimalaksa was a sramana of Kubha (Kabul) and a great teacher of Vinaya in Karasher where Kumarajiva was one of his disciples.
		Later he, went to China in 406 and was cordially received by his pupil Kumarajiva.
	uyghur.50megs.com /custom3.html (627 words)

	Lotus Sutra
		The Lotus Sutra is probably the pre-emminent teaching of the Mahayana canon attributed to Shakyamuni Buddha.
		Kumarajiva is said to have broken the precepts (I believe by marrying).
		When he was to be cremated, he said that all of him would burn but if he had done a good job of translation his tongue wouldn't.
	www.geocities.com /chris_holte/Buddhism/LotusSutra/index.html (1234 words)

	Nagarjuna
		It is worth noting that Lindtner considers that the Mahaprajnaparamitopadesha, a huge commentary on the Large Prajnaparamita[?] not to be a genuine work of Nagarjuna.
		This is only extant in a Chinese translation by Kumarajiva.
		There is much discussion as to whether this is a work of Nargarjuna, with a some orignal comments by Kumarajiva, or an original work by Kumarajiva based on the philosophy of Nagarjuna.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/na/Nagarjuna.html (300 words)

	The Faithful Translation of Sacred Texts
		An early (archaic) stage from An Shi-gao (An Shih-kao) to Kumarajiva (2-4 C.E.) when the translators used the traditional Chinese (mostly, Taoist /Daoist) notions for rendering the Sanscrit terms.
		Kumarajiva, who was a really great translator, developed a system of "ge yi" (ke i), or "chosing the meaning).
		Kumarajiva and his followers (Bodhiruci, Paramartha, etc.) used the Chinese words of daily use as technical terms (such words had no Daoist connotations which could change the semantics of the Sanscrit word), they also created a lot of neologisms which had
	www.kheper.net /topics/religion/faithful_translation-Chinese.htm (1019 words)

	Kumarajiva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Kumarajiva entered the Sarvastivadin monastic order in Kashmir at the age of seven.
		His mother was a princess who entered the order and took him with her.
		His two most important students wer Seng-chao and Tao-sheng, and the San-lun schools owes it's begginings to Kumarajiva.
	www.kaihan.com /kumaraji.htm (112 words)

	The Buddhist World: Buddhism in East Asia - China, Korean, Japan.
		Though he had to move from place to place because of political strife, he not only wrote and lectured extensively, but also collected copies of the translated scriptures and prepared the first catalogue of them.
		With the help of Dao-an's disciples, Kumarajiva translated a large number of important texts and revised the earlier Chinese translations.
		Because of political unrest, Kumarajiva's disciples were later dispersed and this helped to spread Buddhism to other parts of China.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/buddhistworld/east-asia.htm (3224 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Questions On The Lotus Sutra
		At times the Lotus Sutra seems to be saying that nirvana is a provisional teaching, and at other times it seems to use the word in a more traditional sense as a synonym for the ultimate.
		I have read that the section on the "Dragon King's Daughter" was not originally translated by Kumarajiva, but was added shortly after.
		I am curious as to whether or not the verse portions of the Kumarajiva translation rhyme in Chinese.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=13078 (1140 words)

	Kumarajiva
		Born in Kucha, Kumarajiva studied with Hinayana masters before he was converted to Mahayana Buddhism.
		Kumarajiva was captured and held captive in Liangzhou for nineteen years.
		In 401, he was taken to Chang'an by the Later Qin ruler Yao Xing (r.
	www.renditions.org /renditions/authors/kuma.html (113 words)

	Project ZAAN: Information Digest - Vol. 1
		Kumarajiva: Born at Kucha, a distant corner of Asia, educated in Buddhist scriptures in Kashmir by the Buddhist scholar Bhandhadatta, Kumarajiva, with the help of a large number of Kashmiri scholars translated Sanskrit Buddhist texts into Chinese at Kucha.
		He was taken as a captive by a conquering general Lu-Kuang to the capital of a southern state called Liang.
		He worked in collaboration with Kumarajiva and translated many Buddhist texts in Sanskrit to Chinese, including Dhirghagama and Dharmaguptaka-Vinya, two celebrated works.
	www.zaan.net /vol2/7.html (437 words)

	The Doctrine of Buddha Nature
		In 405 or 406, after staying at Lu-shan for about seven years, Tai-sheng made a long-cherished and easerly awaited move to Ch'ang-an to study with Kumarajiva, who had been there since 401, attracting about 3000 aspiring pupils to Mahayana doctrines.
		This brief period, however, was sufficient to demonstrate Tao-sheng's ability and warrent him a position in contempory "honours lists," ranging from one of the four "(great) philosophers" to one of the fifteen great disciples, moe often than not being listed first.
		Although Tao-sheng is reported by Seng-chao to have been on hand when Kumarajiva translated the Lotus, Tao-sheng does not figure prominently in any record as a close assistant to Kumarajiva.
	www.purifymind.com /DoctrineBuddNat.htm (1062 words)

	2000/02/25 04:10-Magne Aga-[K-list] Lotus Sutra - a posting of mine on a buddhist discussi
		The translations by Dharmaraksa and Kumarajiva had 27 chapters.
		A word could be pronounced different in the now lost mother of sanscrit and the later language known as sanscrit, and Dharmaraksa and his team did not interpret words correctly due to these differences.
		Due to his errors of translation, Dharmaraksa's rendering has been considered less authorative than the translation of Kumarajiva.
	www.kundalini-gateway.org /klist/k2000/k20a01066.html (1069 words)

	Dunhuang Tourist Attractions: White Horse Dagoba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is said that in 384, Fu Jian, emperor of the Former Qin Dynasty (351-394), invited Kumarajiva, a master specializing in Buddhist dharma, to carry Buddhist doctrine into China from the West Region.
		When Kumarajiva reached the present Dunhuang City, his white horse got sick and died.
		In memory of his loyal horse Kumarajiva and local Buddhist followers raised money and had this dagoba built in 386.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /attraction/gansu/dunhuang/whitehorse.htm (385 words)

	[No title]
		Huiyuan’s “Questions” to Kumarajiva and Kumarajiva’s answers shed a good deal of light on thought and rhetoric ca.
		For example, when Huiyuan peppers Kumarajiva with pointed questions about the existence of dharmas, the soul, and ultimate particles of matter, in every case, Kumarajiva responds with similar rebuttals using the Madhyamika deconstructive critique of cosmology.
		Sengzhao’s “Treatises” Kumarajiva’s most brilliant disciple, Sengzhao (374?-414) wrote several essays that greatly influenced Chinese Buddhist thought and won high praise from spiritual descendants (WL vii-viii).
	www.hawaii.edu /eall/ppl/indiv/Chn/McCraw/dblx/xch10.doc (12715 words)

	1. History Of Zen In China Page 2
		[FN#19] One of the founders of Mahayana Buddhism, who flourished in the first century A.D. There exists a life of his translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva in A.D. The most important of his works are: Mahayanacraddhotpada-castra, Mahalankara-sutra-castra, Buddha-caritakavya.
		A life of his was translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva in A.D. The following are his important works: Cata-castra, 'Castra by the Bodhisattva Deva on the refutation of four heretical Hinayana schools mentioned in the Lankatvatara-sutra'; 'Castra by the Bodhisattva Deva on the explanation of the Nirvana by twenty Hinayana teachers mentioned in the Lankavatara-sutra.'
		China was not, however, an uncultivated[FN#29] land for the seed of Zen--nay, there had been many practisers of Zen before Bodhidharma.
	www.web-books.com /classics/Nonfiction/Religion/Samurai/SamuraiC2P2.htm (843 words)

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