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	Kumeyaay.com
		Barbara June Cuero was born on June 13, 1945, under an oak tree where her home stands today on the Campo Indian Reservation.
		She is a tribal member of the Campo Band of the Kumeyaay Nation.
		Growing up on the Reservation was never easy, especially in her days, but she got by with the little she had because Campo was where her roots were and it was her home.
	www.kumeyaay.com (1065 words)

	KUMEYAAY NATION
		Kumeyaay.com has compiled the most comprehensive study of the Kumeyaay people, their history and culture to date - and this is only the beginning.
		This way, the Kumeyaay have the chance to tell their story in their own words.
		Linguistics - A study of the Kumeyaay language by Margaret Langdon, a respected expert on native languages.
	www.kumeyaay.com /history (159 words)

	San Diego Metropolitan - The Kumeyaay Millenium - February 2000
		Others moved onto reservation land and declared Kumeyaay improvements their own, not for the purpose of acquiring the property, but to file for compensation from the government when the land finally was deeded to the Indians.
		Kumeyaay bands placed and originally located on the El Capitan Grande Reservation were evicted from their valley homes in 1934, as a result of the city of San Diego’s desire to provide water for new development.
		The Kumeyaay face the dawn of the new millennium with a vision of healing the crippling effects of poverty and racism, and the opportunity for a cultural and economic renaissance.
	www.sandiegometro.com /2000/feb/kumeyaay.html (2779 words)

	San Diego Metropolitan - The Kumeyaay Millennium - January 2000
		The Kumeyaay planted trees and fields of grain; grew squash, beans and corn; gathered and grew medicinal herbs and plants, and dined on fresh fruits, berries, pine nuts and acorns.
		The Kumeyaay took advantage of the different climatic zones in the region, surviving fluctuations in the climate by rotating domestic crops and living off varieties of food sources in the different ecological systems.
		The Kumeyaay and other Indians were friendly toward the Americans, hopeful that this new government would keep promises to settle the land disputes and treat the Indians fairly.
	www.sandiegometro.com /2000/jan/kumeyaay.html (1820 words)

	Kumeyaay Pottery Collection
		The Kumeyaay were seasonal hunters and gatherers whose individual bands ranged along waterways from the San Diego coastal region, east through the Cuyamaca and Laguna Mountains to beyond the Salton Sea in the east, and south beyond current-day Ensenada in Mexico.
		The Kumeyaay women wore the afore mentioned willow bark skirt (pounded strips of willow bark) which was sewn into two apron pieces and tied on, one to the front and the thicker longer one tied to the back.
		The Kumeyaay nation was organised into territorial hands and each controlled approximately 10 to 30 miles of river drainage, depending upon the width and richness of the valley.
	www.clayhound.us /sites/kumeyaay.htm (4421 words)

	Kumeyaay - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Kumeyaay, also known as the Diegueño and sometimes confused with the Luiseño, are a Native American people of the extreme southwestern United States and northwest Mexico.
		There are thirteen Kumeyaay reservations in southern San Diego County and four kumiai ejidos in Baja California.
		It is safe to say that the Kuymeyaay are Yuman of the Yuman-Cochimí language family and from the migration out of Yuma, Arizona, several linguistically distinct but mutually intelligble groups developed: the Cucapah, the Kumeyaay, the Paipai, and the Kiliwa.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Kumeyaay (212 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Kumeyaay" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is safe to say that the Kuymeyaay speak a Yuman tongue of the Yuman-Cochimí family and from the migration out of Yuma, Arizona, several linguistically distinct but related groups developed: the Cucapah, the Kumeyaay, the Paipai, and the Kiliwa.
		The Kumeyaay live on 13 reservations in San Diego County, California (Barona, Campo, Capitan Grande, Cuyapaipe, Inaja, Jamul, La Posta, Manzanita, Mesa Grande, San Pasqual, Santa Ysabel, Sycuan, and Viejas), and on four reservations in Baja California (La Huerte, Neji, San Antonio Neidus, and San Jose La Zozza).
		The meaning of the term Kumeyaay is unknown but Ipi or Tipi means person, although in contemporary times it is taken to mean Indian.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=kumeyaay (283 words)

	Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
		The Kumeyaay, referred to as Diegueño by the Spanish, were the original native inhabitants of San Diego County.
		The boundaries of the Kumeyaay lands changed with the arrival of the Europeans, but once extended from the Pacific Ocean, south to Ensenada in Baja Norte, Mexico, east to the sand dunes of the Colorado River in Imperial Valley and north to Warner Springs Valley.
		Kumeyaay women made fine baskets in coil fashion, pottery, most of the clothing and created shelter, which varied with the seasons and environments.
	www.viejas.com /vbki/html/pp_history.htm (1047 words)

	Kumeyaay
		There are 13 Kumeyaay reservations in southern San Diego County and four kumiai settlements in Baja California.
		It is safe to say that the Kuymeyaay speak languages belonging to the Delta-California branch of the Yuman-Cochimí languages family, to which several other linguistically distinct but related groups also belong, including the Cocopa, Quechan, Paipai, and Kiliwa.
		The Kumeyaay live on 13 reservations in San Diego County, California (Barona, Campo, Capitan Grande, Cuyapaipe, Inaja, Jamul, La Posta, Manzanita, Mesa Grande, San Pasqual, Santa Ysabel, Sycuan, and Viejas), and on four reservations in Baja California (La Huerta, Nejí, San Antonio Nicuarr, and San José de la Zorra).
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Kumeyaay (500 words)

	The Kumeyaay
		A distinction is often made between mountain and desert inhabitants, restricting use of the name "Kumeyaay" to groups living in the mountains and near the coast, and applying the term "Kamia" to the desert-oriented groups (see Hedges 1975 for a thorough discussion).
		In any case, although the Kumeyaay were dependent upon wild foods at European contact, a shift in subsistence had apparently started in the sense that at least some techniques of incipient agriculture were being practiced in some areas.
		In any case, the Kumeyaay traced their descent patrilineally (i.e., through one's father), were exogamous at the level of the descent group (i.e., one had to marry outside one's own lineage or clan), and practiced patrilocal residence (i.e., a married woman lived with her husband's father's relatives).
	daphne.palomar.edu /cuyamaca/kumeyaay.htm (3806 words)

	The Kumeyaay (Digueño) Indians of San Diego County & Baja - DesertUSA
		In spite of the efforts of Spanish missionaries to convert the San Diego-area Kumeyaay to Christianity and the use of presidio soldiers to subdue them, many bands resented the European intrusion and the Kumeyaay remained the most resistant of all California Indians to subjugation, revolting on several occassions.
		Freed of mission control, most Kumeyaay fled to the mountains where they could not be forced to work for the Mexican settlers or the army, and the population started to rebuild.
		Kumeyaay homes were circular, domed structures woven from willow branches that still had the leaves attached.
	www.desertusa.com /mag99/july/papr/kumeyaay.html (1228 words)

	Jon Meza Cuero & Stanley Rodriguez
		For Kumeyaay Indians, who live in San Diego County and in Baja California, the perpetuation of traditional songs is extremely important to the maintenance of cultural identity.
		Today, the most commonly known song cycle is that of Bird Songs, which are used primarily for entertainment and have allowed the Kumeyaay to maintain a connection with their cultural past despite the contact with and destructive influences of Europeans.
		Jon Meza Cuero is possibly one a few Kumeyaay in the United States who knows the wildcat cycle of songs, one of the many cycles of songs sung by the Kuymeyaay.
	www.actaonline.org /grants_and_programs/apprenticeships/2000/cuero.htm (405 words)

	Interior Museum Program. Opportunities for Managing Federally Associated Collections. San Diego Conference, 1998. ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mission of the Kumeyaay Cultural Repatriation Committee (KCRC) is to protect and preserve ancestral remains, sacred lands, sacred objects and funerary objects under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) for today and future generations.
		KCRC is unique in that it is comprised of 12 Kumeyaay tribes of San Diego County: Barona, Campo, Cuyapaipe, Inja-Cosmit, Jamul, La Posta, Manzanita, Mesa Grande, San Pasqual, Santa Ysabel, Sycuan, and Viejas, all working together cooperatively to achieve their goal of repatriation.
		Our objective was to restore the Kumeyaay's ability to cross and re-cross, as they have done for thousands of years without hindrance, for cultural exchange and social visits, as well as ceremonial purposes.
	www.doi.gov /museum/fedcoll/fedcoll2/sess3.html (719 words)

	Journal of San Diego History
		The degree to which pre-contact Kumeyaay were affected by introduced diseases is uncertain; what is known is that the post-contact Kumeyaay suffered terrible losses because of diseases borne by the Spanish intruders.
		While there is little doubt that initially, at least, the Kumeyaay were impressed by the technology of the intruders and coveted some of the material goods possessed by the Spaniards, the perception seems pragmatically based and not reverential.
		While some historians seem bewildered by the Kumeyaay failure to attack the nearby presidio, it seems probable that the presidio, which was weakly garrisoned, was not the target.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /journal/97summer/missionrevolt.htm (5049 words)

	News Release - Kumeyaay Elementary Wins Grant :: San Diego City Schools
		Kumeyaay is one of only 36 schools in the nation to win the inaugural Best Buy Regional Te@ch Awards.
		The instructional program at Kumeyaay is centered on providing explicit instruction in reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies that meets the children at their point of need while addressing state standards.
		Kumeyaay's warm, accepting environment provides encouragement and support for students of all abilities and backgrounds.
	www.sandi.net /news/news_releases/2006/0123_kumeyaay.html (928 words)

	Lake Kumeyaay Campground
		The KUMEYAAY LAKE CAMPGROUND is CLOSED for camping on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
		Kumeyaay Campground - Mission Trails Regional Lake Morena - Campo - The spectacular lake is a magnet for anglers Rotary Club of Cameron Park, the El Dorado County Office of Education, and Folsom Lake College.
		Kumeyaay Lake Campground is owned and operated by Structured Settlement Annuities.
	www.waytoanything.com /campground-reservations/lake-kumeyaay-campground.html (504 words)

	2005-03-04-Mission Trails_Kumeyaay
		Visualization of the Kumeyaay’s lifestyle is aided not only at a visitors center, which looks like a modernistic eagle perched on a natural hillside, but also by various trailside story boards and exhibits.
		We should appreciate the ancient Kumeyaay culture for what it was—without overlaying upon it something foreign, they tell me. I can appreciate, even applaud, their desire to appreciate Kumeyaay culture in its original form and in situ, but I also have a feeling that the ancient Kumeyaay would not have been such purists about it.
		I cannot say whether the Kumeyaay creation story predated the arrival of the Spanish missionaries, or whether the various biblical stories somehow were woven into the Kumeyaay’s spiritual basket.
	www.jewishsightseeing.com /dhh_weblog/2005-blog/2005-03-blog/2005-03-04-mission_trails-kumeyaay.htm (1335 words)

	Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology
		The Kumeyaay, including the Ipai and Tipai dialects, occupied the largest and most diverse territory of any Native Californian group—from arid deserts to alpine mountains, foothills, and a large expanse of coast, from what is now San Diego County to northern Baja California.
		The Early Ethnography of the Kumeyaay reprints the pioneering research of three anthropologists of the early part of the 20th century—Thomas T. Waterman, Leslie Spier, and Edward W. Gifford—who worked with consultants from all the major Kumeyaay regions.
		Introductions by archaeologist M. Steven Shackley and Steven Lucas-Pfingst, a Kumeyaay archaeological consultant and artist, explore the particular perspective brought to the research by these early scholars, contrasting them with recent anthropological research in the region.
	hearstmuseum.berkeley.edu /outreach/kumeyaay.html (178 words)

	SD Chicano History: Ch 1 Sec 3
		The Kumeyaay themselves were a large band spread throughout what is present-day San Diego county and into northern Baja California, comprising two divisions with dialects of the same language.
		The Kumeyaay lived in hundreds of small semi-permanent "rancherías" or village camping spots, migrating with the seasons to the mountains during the annual harvest of acorns and grain grasses which were their staple foods.
		Probably between nineteen and twenty-five thousand Kumeyaay people resided in San Diego at the time of first Spanish contacts in 1769.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /dept/mas/chicanohistory/chapter01/c01s03.html (327 words)

	SCERP: Tribal Evironmental Program (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The modern day Paipai make a living raising livestock, harvesting the natural resources of their land (such as yucca, pine nuts, honey, and firewood), raising crops, and making handicrafts such as pottery, bows and arrows, and agave fiber carrying nets.
		Traditionally, the Kumeyaay territory extended about 50 to 75 miles both north and south of the present day U.S.-Mexico border, west to the Pacific Ocean and east near the Colorado River.
		These Mexican bands of the Kumeyaay are close relatives of the San Diego Indians and maintain close personal relationships despite the presence of the international border.
	www.scerp.org /STEP/paipai.html (329 words)

	Canku Ota - June 15, 2002 - Kumeyaay-Ipai Interpretive Center opens
		Eagle Scout troops and volunteers have built trails, planted vegetation and constructed Kumeyaay houses of willow branches and tule reeds at the center to recreate a landscape resembling the Pauwai Valley at the time the Kumeyaay roamed the land.
		Community members should be applauded for pooling their efforts to move forward with the center, especially since the state was unable to contribute funding for the project, Zettel said.
		In 2000, the Poway City Council reached an agreement with the San Pasqual band of Mission Indians, the nearest Kumeyaay tribal members, to open the center.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues02/Co06152002/CO_06152002_Interpretive_Center.htm (715 words)

	Productos y Servicios - kumeyaay indians
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		Many of the Native American Indians in San Diego today are descendants of the Kumeyaay tribe who roamed here for hundreds of years.
	www.0es.com /default.asp?search=kumeyaay+indians (185 words)

	50 MW Kumeyaay Wind Project Goes Online
		Electricity from the Kumeyaay Wind Project's 25 turbines that generate 2 MW each has begun flowing from the wind farm on Campo Indian Reservation atop the Tecate Divide into San Diego Gas & Electric's grid after eight months of construction and a month of testing.
		For the Campo tribe, the wind farm diversifies its income from the lease of the land beneath the turbines.
		The Kumeyaay Wind farm annually will produce power sufficient for about 30,000 homes and will save approximately 110,000 tons a year in greenhouse gas emissions, compared with equivalent fossil fuel generation.
	www.renewableenergyaccess.com /rea/news/story?id=41006 (418 words)

	KUMEYAAY INTERPRETIVE CENTER
		The Kumeyaay people have lived in what is now known as San Diego County and Baja California, including the Poway Valley, for millennia.
		The Kumeyaay hunted, grew crops, held religious ceremonies, and raised families in the river valleys of this region.
		The formerly knownSilver Lake Archaeological Site is 2.86 acres and is believed to have been part of a 30-acre Kumeyaay village that prospered along Poway Creek approximately 300 years ago.
	www.angelfire.com /falcon/kumeyaay/index.html (217 words)

	Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation - Community Outreach - El Cajon, California
		The generosity of the Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation has been experienced and well documented over the years by a wide variety of charitable and civic groups and individuals throughout San Diego County.
		Sycuan recognizes the crucial role of Indigenous knowledge as an integral part of Nation building in the present and future education of its tribal members and the Kumeyaay Nation at large.
		Kumeyaay Community College is a tribal institution dedicated to the research of Kumeyaay traditional knowledge.
	www.sycuan.com /community_outreach.html (752 words)

	KUMEYAAY INFORMATION VILLAGE Website and Resource Links Native American California Indians Web Portal
		aka Diegueño Indians, the Kumeyaay Nation, is a branch of the Native YUMAN INDIANS of North America, Southern California, southwestern Arizona, and northern Baja California, Mexico.
		The Yuman peoples belong to the HOKAN language group of southwest USA.
		Kumeyaay Kumiai Indian communities, tribal Indian villages of northwest Mexico include:
	www.kumeyaay.info (370 words)

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