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Topic: Kuninda kingdom

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Kalinga (India)

Pala Empire

Rashtrakuta

Western Kshatrapas

Sunga Empire

Satavahana

Nanda dynasty

Chera

Mauryan Empire

Chalukya

Magadha empire

Kushan Empire

Gupta Empire

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History of Buddhism

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Kuninda Kingdom
		The Kingdom of Kuninda (or Kulinda in ancient literature) was an ancient central Himalayan kingdom from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century, located in the modern states of Himachal and Uttaranchal in northern India.
		The Kuninda kingdom disappeared around the 3rd century, and from the 4th century, it seems the region shifted to Shaivite beliefs.
		The first coins of the Kuninda were influenced by the numismatic model of the neighbouring Indo-Greek kingdoms, and incorporated Buddhist symbolism such as the triratna.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Kuninda_Kingdom (426 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Indo-Parthian Kingdom
		The Indo-Parthian Kingdom was established during the 1st century, by a Parthian leader of the Suren-Pahlav Clan named Gondophares, in an area covering today's Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India.
		The Kingdom's capital was Taxila, (Pakistan)[1] and during the last few years of its decline it was centered around Kabul, (Afghanistan).
		The northern Indian part of the kingdom was retaken by the Kushans around 75.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Indo-Parthian_Kingdom (1336 words)

	Qwika - Kushan Empire
		The Yuezhi reached the Hellenic kingdom of Greco-Bactria, in the Bactrian territory (northernmost Afghanistan and Uzbekistan) around 135 BCE, and displaced the Greek dynasties there, who resettled in Indus basin (in present day Pakistan) in the western part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.
		Vima Kadphises was the son of Vima Taktu and the father of Kanishka I. He issued an extensive series of coins and inscriptions.
		He created a kingdom known as the Kidarite Kingdom, although he probably considered himself a Kushan, as indicated by the Kushan style of his coins.
	wikipedia.qwika.com /wiki/Kushans (2300 words)

	Chola dynasty - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Chola kings were avid builders and envisioned the temples in their kingdoms not only as places of worship but also as centres of economic activity.
		It is possible that a branch of the Tamil Cholas migrated north during the time of the Pallavas to establish a kingdom of their own, away from the dominating influences of the Pandyas and Pallavas.
		Chola navies invaded and conquered Srivijaya in the Malayan archipelago.
	en.wikipedia.ifc.com.pl /wiki/Cholas (6297 words)

	Pandyan Kingdom Summary
		The Pandyan kingdom பாண்டியர் was an ancient Tamil state in South India of unknown antiquity.
		Pandyas were one of the three ancient Tamil kingdoms (Chola and Chera being the other two) who ruled the Tamil country from pre-historic times until end of the 15th century.
		After the defeat of the Kalabhras, the Pandya kingdom grew from strength to strength and witnessed a steady increase in its power and territory.
	www.bookrags.com /Pandyan_Kingdom (1827 words)

	History Of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The location of the Kuru kingdom was in the area of modern Haryana state in India, and their capital was Indraprastha, which may have been the most powerful city in India, prior to the rise of the Magadhan city of Pataliputra.
		The location of the Gandhara kingdom was in the area of what is today northern Pakistan and southern Afghanistan, and major cities included Peshawar and Taxila, the latter of which is where Panini formulated his complete Sanskrit grammar around 500 BC, marking the transition from Vedic Sanskrit to Classical Sanskrit.
		The Kuninda kingdom is noteworthy for being a small Himalayan state that survived for almost 500 years, and like many other small kingdoms of the era, were related to states contemporary to the Mahajanapadas, and mentioned in the epics.
	www.infoforyou.org /input.php?title=History_of_India (6996 words)

	Kosala Kingdom - Indian History
		Kosala was an ancient Indian kingdom, corresponding roughly in area with the region of Oudh.
		The kingdom of Magadha conquered Kosala by c.
		The capital of the kingdom of Kosala was called Savatthi.
	www.gloriousindia.com /history/kosala_kingdom.html (166 words)

	Shahi information - Search.com
		Kallar took control of the state from the last Turk Shahi Lagaturman (Katorman), which at its height extended from the Hindu Kush to the Himalaya, including Kabul and the Khyber Pass region of western Afghanistan, the Punjab region of northern India and Pakistan, and Himachal Pradesh in the Himalayas.
		Their kingdom was bounded on the north by the Hindu kingdom of Kashmir, on the east by Rajput kingdoms, on the south by the Muslim kingdom of Sind, and on the west by the Abbasid Caliphate.
		In 870, Kabul was captured by the Muslims, and the Shahi capital shifted east to Hund or Ohind, near Attock in the Punjab.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Shahi (1248 words)

	Kidarite Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are two different theories regarding the Kidarite kingdom: or it is created in the second half of the 4th c., or in the twenties of the 5th c.
		All the other data we currently have on the kidarite kingdom are from the middle of the 5th c., in Chinese (Jiduoluo) and Byzantine sources (Kidaritoi).
		Many small kidarites kingdoms seems to have survived in NW India up to the conquest by the Hephthalites during the last quarter of the Vth c.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kidarite_Kingdom (264 words)

	The Sapposhi
		Sakugawa is another example of a Ryukyu Kingdom Pechin whose contributions to the civil fighting disciplines remain the subject of intense curiosity.
		Enjoying peace and prosperity for generations the Ryukyu Kingdom was a microcosm reflecting its symbiotic liaison with the Middle Kingdom.
		And it was during this era of tranquility that the Ryukyu Kingdom was attacked, overpowered and subjugated by the Satsuma Samurai.
	www.geocities.com /keikoden/McCarthy.htm (3810 words)

	WELCOME: WWW.JAINSAMAJ.ORG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Megasthenes mentions Kalinga as land of a widely diffused race', who were inhabiting all along the eastern coast upto the delta of the Ganges, but afterwards their kingdom was restricted to southern Orissa.
		The distinguished Kalinga kingdom which was clearly evident during the invasion of Maharaja Samudragupta in or about 350 A.D., when we find several principalities such as Kurala, Pistapura, Giri-Kosturala, Erandapalli, Avamukta, Palakha, Devarastra, Kusathalpura etc. seems to have been integrated during Maharaja Umavaraman of the Mathara dynasty, who in turn assumed the title of Kalingadhipati.
		By second half of the seventh century A. the kingdom of Kongoda appeared to have comprised considerable portion of Daksina Tosali whereas the later Sailodbhava records suggest that it was a mandala in the country of Daksina Tosali.
	jainsamaj.org /literature/historical-212.htm (4226 words)

	Kharoshti Script - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		By the time of Kanishka I, the greatest of the Kushan kings (the exact dates of his 23-27 years of rule are under dispute) his kingdom included Kashmir, Khotan and Kashgar and Yarkand The last three were Chinese dependencies in the Tarim Basin, modern Xinjiang.
		His vast kingdom extended from Bukhara in the west to Sarnath in India, with Peshawar as the Capital) the coins in the Brahmi script showed the images and/or inscriptions of Boddo (Buddha), (Oisho) Shiva holding a trident near a bull (Nandi), Mihira/Miira (Mithra), Athro (Atar), Varahran (Verethragna), Mao (Moon), Appo (Water), Aodo (Vata).
		The appearance of the Avestan divinities was attributed to the fact that the Sassanian King, Hormazd II (303-309 CE) had earlier married the daughter of a Kushan king in Gandhara.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Languages/kharoshti_script.htm (2058 words)

	Miscellenous ancient coins
		From around 180 BCE the Indian territory was invaded as far as Pataliputra by the Greco-Bactrian ruler Demetrius, with the long-term effect of confining the Sungas to the eastern part of India.
		Demetrius established an Indo-Greek kingdom in the northern and northwestern part of India, which was to last until the end of the 1st century BCE, and under which Buddhism was able to flourish.
		Successors of Guptas - Kingdom of the Maitrakas of Valabhi
	www.ancientcoins.ca /india2.html (5907 words)

	[No title]
		He annexed kingdom of Anga (east Bihar) and married princesses of Koshala and Vaishali thereby expanding his kingdom to the borders of Nepal.
		Kuninda kingdom was eventually invaded by Kushan and Shakas in middle of first century BC.
		Both, Indo-Greek and Kuninda kingdoms were annexed to make next great empire of India, Kushan empire.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/ancient1.html (2308 words)

	Indo-Greek Kingdom
		The kingdom was founded when the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India in 180 BC, ultimately creating an entity which seceded from the powerful Greco-Bactrian Kingdom centered in Bactria (today's northern Afghanistan).
		The founder of the Indo-Greek Kingdom Demetrius I (205-171 BC), wearing the scalp of an elephant, symbol of his conquest of India.
		The adoption of Indo-Greek monetary conventions by neighbouring kingdoms, such as the Kunindas to the east and the Satavahanas to the south, would also suggest that Indo-Greek coins were used extensively for cross-border trade.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/IndoGreekKingdom.html (10351 words)

	Pallava - Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Throughout their reign they were in constant conflict with both Chalukyas in the north and the Tamil kingdoms of Chola and Pandyas in the south.
		The Pallavas engaged in constant warfare with the Chalukyas of Badami and were finally eclipsed by the Chola kings in the 8th century CE.
		The incursion of the Kalabhras and the confusion in the Tamil country was broken by the Pandya Kadungon and the Pallava Simhavishnu.
	www.lumrix.com /help/index.php/Pallava (969 words)

	Ancient Tibetan City (The Palm Leaf)
		In Ngari, Southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, archaeologists investigated the ruins of the mysterious "Silver Castle," and discovered fantastic statues of Bon gods, which belonged to a religion prevalent on the roof of the world a millennium ago.
		The ancient city, known as the "Silver Castle of Qionglong (today's Zhada, Ngari)," was in Tibetan legends the capital of Zhangzhung Kingdom.
		It fell into oblivion in the 10th century when the Guge Kingdom was founded and Tibetans converted from the Bon religion to Buddhism.
	varnam.org /history/2004/11/ancient_tibetan_city.php (324 words)

	Satavahana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		About this time the kingdom lost some of its territory, including Malwa, to the Western Kshatrapas.
		Abhiras in the northwestern part of the kingdom.
		On the boundaries of the old Sātavāhana Kingdom arose a number of new states, which seized their territory.
	tags.lyricsfreak.com /Satavahanas (1034 words)

	CHOLAS : Encyclopedia Entry
		The power of the Cholas declined around the 12th century with the rise of the Pandyas and the Hoysala, eventually coming to an end towards the end of the 13th century.
		Cholas are mentioned in the Pillars of Ashoka (inscribed 273 BC – 232 BC) inscriptions, where they are mentioned among the kingdoms which, though not subject to Ashoka, were on friendly terms with him.
		Around the 7th century, a Chola kingdom flourished in present-day Andhra Pradesh.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Cholas (5800 words)

	Buddhism / triratana
		On representations of the footprint of the Buddha, the Triratna is usually also surmounted by the Dharma wheel.
		The Triratna is also on the 1st century BCE coins of the Kingdom of Kuninda in northern Punjab, surmounting depictions of stupas, on some the coins of the Indo-Parthian king Gondophares, or the coins of some of the Kushan kings such as Vima Kadphises.
		The triratna can be further reinforced by being surmounted with three dharma wheels (one for each of the three jewels of Buddhism: the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha).
	www.buddhism-guide.com /buddhism/triratana.htm (329 words)

	History Indo-greek Kingdom - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		The Indo-Greek Kingdom covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent from 180 BCE to around 10 CE, and was ruled by a succession of more than thirty Hellenic kings[1], often in conflict with each other.
		The kingdom was founded when the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India in 180 BCE, ultimately creating an entity which seceded from the powerful Greco-Bactrian Kingdom centered in Bactria (today's northern Afghanistan).
		During the two centuries of their rule, the Indo-Greek kings combined the Greek and Indian languages and symbols, as seen on their coins, and blended ancient Greek, Hindu and Buddhist religious practices, as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the indications of their support of Buddhism.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/indo-greek_kingdom.php (4421 words)

	Sunga Empire - Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Sunga Empire's wars with the Indo-Greek Kingdom figure greatly in the history of this period.
		He is credited with established the Indo-Greek kingdom.
		At its maximum extent (under Menander), it is theorized to have run from the Hindu Kush to Mathura, which was to last in parts until the end of the 1st century BCE, and under which Buddhism flourished.
	www.lumrix.com /help/index.php/Sunga_Empire (693 words)

	Mauryan Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
		Chandragupta's grandson Ashoka (273- 232 BCE), is said to have been the greatest of the Mauryan emperors.
		He became a great proselytiser of Buddhism, insisting on non-violence to humans and animals (ahimsa), and general precepts regulating the life of lay people.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Mauryan (1207 words)

	Kushana: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Yuezhi reached the Hellenic kingdom of Greco-Bactria, in the Bactrian territory (northernmost Afghanistan and Uzbekistan) around 135 BCE, and displaced the Greek dynasties there, who resettled in Indus basin (in present day Pakistan) in the western part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom.
		Later, around 116, the Kushans under Kanishka established a kingdom centered on Kashgar, also taking control of Khotan and Yarkand, which were Chinese dependencies in the Tarim Basin, modern Xinjiang.
		During the middle of the 4th century a Kushan vassal in Pakistan, named Kidara, rose to power and overthrew the old Kushan dynasty.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Kushana (2646 words)

	Bibliography Page 39
		But northern Pakistan was soon lost when the Kushans entered a new phase of expansion and the more southerly districts of Saurashtra and Broach became the realm of the Western Satraps who commemorated their independence by founding the Saka era in AD 78.
		Reduced to a purely Afghan kingdom the Indo-Parthian realm split into the two kingdoms of Sakastan and Turan which were subsequently absorbed into the Sassanian Empire.
		Abstract: Parthian coinage of the Eastern provinces, Dahae of the East Caspian lowlands, Kingdom of Vonones, Scythian Kingdom in Pakistan.
	www.parthia.com /webreport_39.htm (2692 words)

	Historia Mundi - Alternate History Discussion Board
		So one thing I may suggest is to have more ambassadors sent out with the mission of achieving formal diplomatic links with whatever kingdoms lay to the west of the Parthian lands, in order to increase trade and to send feelers as to a possible alliance against the nomadic barbarians.
		[7] The Seleucid Empire is referred to as the Kingdom of Syria from this point on.
		Actually, I'm exagerating, I think the worst is the indo greek kingdom, about 70 years off.
	alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=27111 (2852 words)

	Numismatic History of chamba
		It is important to note that the silver coins of Kunindas, the Vemakas and the Audumbaras the tribal states of Western Himalaya region, closely follow the himidrachm of Apollodotus in their features, viz.
		Fairly large quantities of Yaudheya and Kuninda coins have been reported from Mandi District and Kangra District, Kartikeya was the tutelary deity of Yaudheya tribe.
		The inscriptions of Chamba contain the term hiranya in connection with dues payable to the state and term is generally taken in the sense of taxes payable in cash.
	hpchamba.nic.in /numismatic.htm (2361 words)

	Untitled Document
		During the time frame the Bubishi is believed to have been written, all Chinese males, except maybe the Daoists, had shaved heads except for the long queue.
		Kume Village (called Kuninda in the Okinawan dialect) was the site of the 36 Chinese families who settled from Ming China in 1392.
		There were many people in Kuninda who could read/write Chinese, and several were employed as translators by the Royal Government (#3).
	www.funkydragon.com /bushi/bubushi10.html (1027 words)

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