
	Where results make sense

Topic: Kunrei

Related Topics

Hepburn

Roman alphabet

Koji Suzuki

RISC

Botany

Georges Grignard

Innsbruck

Sulawesi Selatan

	Japanese rōmaji
		The Kunrei system (訓令式/kunreishiki "Cabinet Ordinance system") was promulgated by the Japanese government during the 1930s.
		The main differences in spelling between the Kunrei and Hepburn systems are as follows (Hepburn in brackets): si (shi), ti (chi), tu (tsu), hu (fu), zi (ji), sya (sha), syu (shu), syo (sho), tya (cha), tyu (chu), tyo (cho), zya (ja), zyu (ju), and zyo (jo).
		It is identical to the Kunrei system except for the sounds da, di, du, de, do, dya, dyu, dyo, which are written da, zi, zu, de, do, zya, zyu, zyo in the Kunrei system and da, ji, zu, de, do, ja, ju, jo in the Hepburn system.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/japanese_romaji.htm (473 words)

	Q2.8 What is the correct way to write something in romaji?
		The former uses the alternatives on the left hand side of the slash, while the later opts for the right hand side, with some minor excep- tions for both: * Both systems miss the entries for `dya', `dyu' and `dyo'.
		* "kunrei shiki" uses `di' and `du', whereas "hebon shiki" sticks to `ji' and `zu' for the same kana, thereby introducing ambiguity.
		A strictly Japanese invention, "kunrei shiki" was the official romanisation scheme prescribed by the government in 1937.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/japan/language/section-17.html (637 words)

	Total Quality Japanese: The Romaji Conundrum
		When Kunrei was adopted in the late 1930's, the then powerful Japanese central government did much to try to further its use.
		It was the Kunrei system's misfortune to be introduced at a time of Japanese militarism.
		This was in spite of the fact that the Japanese language textbooks of American linguist, Eleanor Jorden, which were used throughout the 1960's in courses taught to US diplomats, relied on a modified version of the Kunrei system.
	www.cic.sfu.ca /tqj/JapaneseStudy/romaji.html (1162 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hepburn
		In particular, a September 21, 1937 cabinet ordinance proclaimed an alternative system now commonly known as Kunrei to be Japan's official romanization for all purposes, but this was overturned by the SCAP during the Occupation of Japan.
		In 1972, a revised version of Hepburn was codified as ANSI standard Z39.11-1972.
		It was proposed in 1989 as a draft for ISO 3602, but rejected in favor of Kunrei.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hepburn (2224 words)

	4.3.5. sci.lang.japan FAQ: What are the systems of romanization of Japanese? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is less regular than the kunrei romanization, but corresponds more closely to the usual English spelling of the sounds.
		Nihon-shiki (日本式) romanization, which has the advantage of a one-to-one correspondance between kana and roomaji, whereas the kunrei and Hepburn systems sometimes have the same romanization for two different kana.
		For example, the Nihon-shiki and the Kunrei systems romanize as ta ti tu te to what the Hepburn system romanizes as ta chi tsu te to: the Hepburn system is less regular but is closer to the usual English spelling of the sounds.
	www.csse.monash.edu /~jwb/afaq/kana-roman.html (597 words)

	Kana and the addition of nigori ten
		The Kunrei Siki is useful for showing the once historical value of the sound.
		Under the Kunrei system, the romanisations look tidy and ordered, (with the ti > zi and tsu > zu kana the exceptions) but the Hepburn system shows the actual sounds that we hear in Modern Japanese better.
		The absorbtion of the -i- in the romanisation is a peculiarity in both transcriptions, as it has merged with the -y- semi-vowel.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Pagoda/3847/sapienti/jkana-o2.htm (558 words)

	Jonathon Delacour: Just make sure you spell it incorrectly
		The Kunrei system remains in use for grade school textbooks and the National Diet [parliament] Library, among others, while the Foreign Ministry and most Japanese-English dictionaries continue to use the Hyōjun system.
		The Kunrei system would render the same name as “Zyun’iti” but the computer engineers who assigned his email address mixed up the two systems and assigned him the name “Jyunichi”.
		I hate that, in learning character-based languages in school, you're taught the romanized version first (this is the case for everyone I've talked to, at least) and then the characters.
	weblog.delacour.net /archives/2003/02/just_make_sure_you_spell_it_incorrectly.php (1381 words)

	Romanization, phonemes, and morae
		The former is established as an international standard (ISO-3602) because it reflects the Japanese sound system well, but the the latter is much more commonly used and all Japanese words found in English are written with it because it's easier for English speakers to read even though it doesn't reflect the Japanese sound system.
		Its pronunciation being very similar to the English word she, "shi" is easier for English speakers to pronounce it correctly than "si", which might be pronounced like sea.
		I use Kunrei Romanization as well as kana, because it helps you to understand Japanese grammar, and I will also list Hepburn Romanization in parentheses when it is different.
	www.geocities.com /takasugishinji/japanese/phoneme.html (1122 words)

	Notes on Ro^mazi
		Kunrei romanization the official system a second time, the National
		Kunrei romanization is a slightly modified version of the Nippon-siki
		Kunrei romanization is more appropriate for the representation of Japanese
	www.cityfujisawa.ne.jp /%7Eroomazi/Eigo/unger.html (668 words)

	THEM Anime Reviews 4.0 - Editorials : Why Shoujo and not Syojyo? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first, and the most commonly used by foreigners, is the Hepburn system, which was formulated in the mid-1800s by a Philadelphia missionary named James C Hepburn and fairly standardized by the beginning of the 20th century.
		Today's government officials continue to advocate Kunrei on the basis of its Japanese creation, despite the fact that many linguists consider it misleading and inaccurate.
		One of the problems inherent in both systems of romaji is that they tend to inaccurately portray the actual pronunciation of the Japanese language itself.
	www.themanime.org /editorials.php?id=16 (492 words)

	Wikitravel talk:Romanization - Wikitravel
		For Japanese, Hepburn (written by an American for foreigners) has been the de facto standard of romanization for the past 100 years esp. in publications geared to foreigners, while official standard Kunrei (written by Japanese for Japanese) is used very little.
		Kunrei matches Japan's kana syllabary nicely but is impossible to pronounce without prior knowledge, whereas Hepburn is based on English phonology and lets most people give a fair stab at it.
		What you will see in subways, street signs, etc. in Japan is Kunrei-shiki, and Kunrei is used by most Japanese people.
	wikitravel.org /en/Wikitravel_talk:Romanization (1281 words)

	Glossary of Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These are methods to write Japanese using the English alphabet.
		There are two accepted systems: 1) kunrei shiki 2) Hepburn system.
		Briefly the kunrei shiki would write Fuji as "huzi" while the Hepburn system is what we see today writing Fuji as fuji.
	www.takase.com /Library/Glossary.htm (1186 words)

	Re: Shikona spelling and pronunciation?
		At the moment, because of the popularity of English language > in Japan, it seems Hebon system is gaining popularity in Japan > because of its similarity to the English writing system.
		Actually, my impression is that I'm seeing more Kunrei-shiki recently (despite the fact that it's a lot harder to read).
		But that does not make any difference of Kunrei > systes being the official standard of Japanese romanization system.
	www.banzuke.com /01-4/msg00196.html (347 words)

	Naiyou shoumei vs Naiyo shomei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		seem to have put in the Kunrei system, not the Hepburn system.
		So for the elongated vowels, you have to pay attention and key in every "yo-u" and "yo-o" and "yo" accurately, when to my ears all three are only slightly different..
		The big problem is, the Kenkyusha's Dictionaries I have use Hepburn, and I like Hepburn.
	www.mail-archive.com /fukuzawa%40ucsd.edu/msg15064.html (458 words)

	On the Relation between Sound, Word Structure and Meaning in Japanese Mimetic Words (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The two major systems for romanizing Japanese are the Hepburn system and the Kunrei system.
		The former presents the phonological structure and the latter the morphological structure of a word.
		For example, the Hepburn system transcribes some of the moras in the following way: /chi/, /tsu/, /shi/, whereas the Kunrei system transcribes them respectively as [ti], [tu], [si], etc. /chi/, /tsu/, /shi/, as well as palatalization such as in /nya/ constitute one CV mora.
	www.trismegistos.com /IconicityInLanguage/Articles/Ivanova.html (4761 words)

	Re: [idn] Summary of TS-SC discussion
		>For my interest, I'd like to select Kunrei system over >Hepburn, since that is UCS favor to, and more >consistent with Romanization of majority of other > languages.
		Though Kunrei is favored by some linguitsts it has disadvantages, such as how to distinguish SI from SHI.
		The Nihon Romaji Kyookai say use "s'i" for SI and "si" for SHI but this is not common.
	psg.com /lists/idn/idn.2001/msg02164.html (530 words)

	Hepburn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		El sistema Hepburn está basado en la fonología inglesa, no en la japonesa, y como tal se ha encontrado con cierta oposición en Japón.
		En particular, una ley del gabinete (?) del 21 de septiembre de 1937 proclamó la adopción de un sistema alternativo conocido como Kunrei como sistema oficial de romanización en Japón.
		Fue propuesto en 1989 como borrador para el ISO 3602, pero rechazado en favor del sistema Kunrei.
	enciclopedia.cc /Hepburn (1035 words)

	Japan Forum - Help with the word hanasu
		Today, we have two alphabetical notation of Japanese language; the Hepburn system and the kunrei system.
		That system was spread earlier and may be the de facto standard of today, but technically inferior to the kunrei system(It is said Hepburn system is too English-based and not so fit to Japanese language).
		For Your Information, we learn the kunrei system in elementary school on the Ministry of Education's wishes, while we write our name in the Hepburn system on our passport, due to the Foreign Ministry.
	www.jref.com /forum/archive/index.php/t-9348.html (612 words)

	Japanese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There are two main systems for the romanization of Japanese, known as Kunrei-shiki and Hepburn.
		The Kunrei system is little used outside of Japan, as it is difficult for non-Japanese-speakers to decipher.
		The word for "I" is written "watashi" according to the Hepburn system, and "watasi" in the Kunrei romanization.
	www.free-template.org /ja/japanese-language.html (2881 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions - The Yamasa Institute
		By the 20th century, there were a number of different romanisation systems used to transliterate Japanese into Latin characters.
		The Hepburn system (hebon-shiki) was devised by James Curtis Hepburn (1815-1911), an American missionary from Philadelphia.
		The main differences in spelling between the Kunrei and Hepburn systems are as follows (Hepburn in brackets): si (shi), ti (chi), tu (tsu), hu (fu), zi (ji), sya (sha), syu (shu), syo (sho), tya (cha), tyu (chu), tyo (cho), zya (ja), zyu (ju), zyo (jo) and so on.
	faq.yamasa.org /faq625.html (268 words)

	Warring States Project \| Spelling Conventions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Hepburn system and readily established itself, and has no significant competition at present.
		Oddball systems such as the official Japanese Kunrei spellings, which were used by Japanese libraries and governmental bodies in the 20th century, died an early and natural death.
		The result is that spelling of Japanese words in textbooks of Asian history don't intimidate students.
	www.umass.edu /wsp/project/conventions/spelling.html (523 words)

	TNL Forum - Let's recap: Doremi Fantasy (SFC).
		The whole point of romansation is to allow people who READ roman languages to be able to read Japanese words.
		There's no clear cut "canon" system of romanisation, there's Hepburn, Kunrei, Nippon, JSL and Wapuro.
		Hepburn however is the most commonly used, and Kunrei is the official system according to the Japanese goverment.
	www.the-nextlevel.com /board/showthread.php?t=23409&page=2 (1493 words)

	JAPANESE LANGUAGE AND COMPUTERS
		The Kunrei system is used widely in Japan for input on a roman keyboard, since it is slightly briefer and more systematic than the Hepburn system.
		Foreigners typically prefer the Hepburn system however, because the Kunrei system does not correspond as well to the actual sounds of Japanese.
		There are several standard methods to encode characters for use on a computer, including JIS, SJIS, EUC, and Unicode.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/JAPANESE+LANGUAGE+AND+COMPUTERS (488 words)

	Japanese Writing
		There are several methods for romaji, but the one I will use on this page is a variant of the Hepburn romaji system, named after the Rev. Dr Hepburn, who popularized it it in the 1870s when he used it in his dictionary.
		The other main system is called "kunrei" romaji (because it was made official by a Japanese government directive in the 1930s ["kunrei" means "directive"]).
		Romaji is not used a lot in Japan, although you will see it in station names, and the like.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /~jwb/jwriting.html (964 words)

	log (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CS261 should be a pleasant review though after my work at BRI this summer; I wrote more nasty voodoo Java than Metoyer could possibly throw at us.
		Nakajima-sensei seems to have a decent sense of humor, but her voice doesn’t travel well, and the whole usage of Kunrei roomaji pisses me off to no end, it doesnt even TRY to be phonetic using English letters (no, not even engrish explains how sya becomes pronounced sha).
		On one hand, I’m very glad to have dodged the bullet that was the old PH211.
	oregonstate.edu /~hughesw/wordpress/index.php (889 words)

	Ruby/Romkan: a Romaji/Kana conversion library for Ruby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Convert a Kunrei or Hepburn Romaji string into a Kana string.
		Conver a Hiragana string into a Hepburn Romaji string.
		Convert a Kunrei Romaji string into a Hepburn Romaji string.
	namazu.org /~satoru/ruby-romkan/index.html.en (106 words)

	Lección 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hay dos métodos principales: el sistema llamado de Hepburn, y el Kunrei.
		El primero es más antiguo y es el que refleja mejor la pronunciación, por lo que es el más común en nuestros países, mientras que el Kunrei es más sistemático y es por eso más usado en Japón.
		En los archivos de vocabulario para DrDo hemos usado el sistema Hepburn, excepto en los de hiragana y katakana, donde aparece primero el Kunrei.
	www.galeon.com /nihongo/lecciones/kana.html (340 words)

	Hepburn System - Method of Transcribing Japanese Into Roman Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is widely used today both in the English-speaking world and in Japan, where many younger people are most familiar with the Roman alphabet through the study of English and thus find its spelling conventions more comfortable than the official Monbusho romanization standard.
		Compared to the Kunrei (Monbusho) system, it compromises with English phonography rather than adheres to Japanese phonological system.
		Vowels are based on "continental" European values, as one might find in Italian, and definitely unlike English: a, i, u, e, o
	www.japan-101.com /language/hepburn_system.htm (356 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)