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	Igor Kurchatov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1942 Kurchatov declared: "At breaking up of kernels in a kilogram of uranium, the energy released must be equal to the explosion of 20,000 tons of trotyl." This announcement was practically verified during the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
		Kurchatov later remarked that his main feeling at the time was one of relief, as he was confident that had the weapon failed, Stalin would have had him shot.
		Kurchatov died in Moscow in 1960 of a blood clot in his brain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Igor_Kurchatov (583 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Igor Kurchatov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Igor Kurchatov было руководителем советской атомной программы бомбы.
		Stalin приказало Kurchatov для того чтобы произвести бомбу к 1948, и положить ruthless Lavrenty Beria в непосредственную команду проекта.
		Igor Kurchatov (И́горь Васи́льевич Курча́тов, born January 8, 1903 in Chelyabinsk, died February 7, 1960 in Moscow) was the leader of the Soviet Atomic bomb program.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Igor-Kurchatov (1632 words)

	Kurchatov Institute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kurchatov Institute (Russian: Роcсийский научный центр "Курчатовский Институт", Russian Scientific Centre "Kurchatov Institute" is Russia's leading research and development institution in the field of nuclear energy.
		In the Soviet Union it was known as Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, Russian: Институт Атомной Энергии им.
		Originally known under a secret name "Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences", the Kurchatov Institute was founded in 1943 to develop nuclear weapons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kurchatov_Institute (164 words)

	Igor Kurchatov \| Biography \| atomicarchive.com
		Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov was born on January 8, 1903, in Simsky Zavod, Ufa Guberniya (now the city of Sim, Chelyabinsk Oblast).
		Kurchatov subsequently worked on the Soviet hydrogen bomb program, but later worked for the peaceful use of nuclear technology and advocated against nuclear bomb tests.
		With the success of the atomic bomb project and greater awareness of the destructiveness of nuclear weapons, Kurchatov grew increasingly alarmed by the possibility of their use.
	www.atomicarchive.com /Bios/Kurchatov.shtml (340 words)

	Cold War I: Citizen Kurchatov - Timeline
		January 8, 1903: Igor Kurchatov is born in Simskii Zavod in the Ural Mountains.
		Kurchatov is selected to head the effort to build an atomic bomb.
		Kurchatov and his fellow scientists are awarded the Stalin Prize for their achievement.
	www.opb.org /education/coldwar/citizenk/timeline (492 words)

	The American Experience \| Race for the Superbomb \| Igor Kurchatov, (1903 - 1960)
		The physicist who headed the Soviet nuclear program from 1943 until his death in 1960, was also remembered by the scientists who worked for him as a man with a robust sense of humor; a warm and loyal friend who took great care of his subordinates; and an extremely organized administrator.
		Kurchatov was born in the southern Urals in January 1903, the son of a surveyor and a school teacher.
		In 1943, Kurchatov was chosen to head the Soviet Union's own secret nuclear program, a task he devoted the rest of his life to.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX59.html (722 words)

	PRINT: Berlin Crisis - Major Events
		This outline of major events is correlated with the video program "Citizen Kurchatov." Teachers may choose to use this outline for a lecture to prepare students in advance of viewing the video program, or use while showing the video, allowing opportunities to pause the video for discussion and clarification.
		Kurchatov enthusiastically obeyed, believing that it was his patriotic duty to sacrifice for his country, which had been devastated by World War II.
		Kurchatov mobilized the resources of the Soviet Union to mine uranium, design and build a reactor, separate isotopes, develop a plutonium production reactor and a plutonium purification plant, and design and manufacture a bomb.
	www.opb.org /education/coldwar/citizenk/outline/print.html (618 words)

	Citizen Kurchatov
		Citizen Kurchatov is the story of a complex, world-class physicist who became the driving force behind the Soviet Union's race to develop the atomic bomb.
		It is the story of Igor Kurchatov, born in 1903, who, while not a child of the Russian revolution, believed it would lead to a bright future of scientific socialism.
		Citizen Kurchatov is also the story of the extraordinary political forces that drove Kurchatov and his army of scientists to develop such a dangerous weapon under Stalin's repressive regime.
	www.pbs.org /opb/citizenk/index.html (233 words)

	How the bomb saved Soviet physics \| thebulletin.org
		Kurchatov therefore decided to set up a branch of the laboratory in an isolated area, where work on the design and development of the bomb could take place in total secrecy.
		Kurchatov was open to the accusation that he had surrounded himself with colleagues who were Jewish, or who admired Western science too much, or had strong links with the West.
		Kurchatov replied that if relativity theory and quantum mechanics were rejected, the bomb would have to be rejected too.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=nd94holloway (6255 words)

	The Khariton version \| thebulletin.org
		In 1943, Kurchatov wrote a famous memorandum that became a kind of manual of nuclear physics for the senior administrators of the atomic project.
		In the end, displaying impeccable physical intuition, Kurchatov decided on the long-term course by concluding: "According to all currently existing theoretical conceptions, the collision between a nucleus of [plutonium] and a neutron should be accompanied by a large release of energy and by emission of secondary neutrons.
		Kurchatov himself was the incarnation of the patriotic impulse in this unprecedented and responsible endeavor.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=may93khariton (8003 words)

	Nukes: A Lesson From Russia - Center for Defense Information
		Russian experts at the Kurchatov Institute, the renowned nuclear research center in Moscow, recently found what appears to be a critical deficiency in the internal U.S. system for keeping track of all bomb-grade nuclear materials held by the Energy Department — enough material for tens of thousands of nuclear bombs.
		Kurchatov scientists discovered a fatal flaw in the Microsoft software donated to them by the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
		Kurchatov then discovered the upgraded program not only contained the same bug (though much less virulent) but also had a critical security flaw that would allow easy access to the sensitive nuclear database by hackers or unauthorized personnel.
	www.cdi.org /nuclear/blair071101.html (702 words)

	Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute
		The Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, the first state national research Center of Russia, was set up in place of the I.V.Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy (former Laboratory No.2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences founded in 1943) in November 1991 in accordance with the Decree of President of Russia.
		The Kurchatov Institute was set up, when the Second World War was in its height, and was aimed at solving the urgent defence problem - creation of nuclear weapon.
		The scientific and technical level of the Kurchatov Institute specialists, well known in the world, permits us to expect that in its new status the Institute's staff will be able to keep its high rank in the world science.
	www.kiae.ru /eng/wel/all/dp1.htm (380 words)

	Alsos: Citizen Kurchatov: Stalin's Bomb Maker
		Interviews with political scientists, Russian physicists, co-workers, and historians present the view that Kurchatov was an ambitious man who recognized that “fear and opportunity went hand in hand”.
		Espionage reports from America are stressed as being of key importance to Kurchatov’s success in developing the Soviet Union’s atomic bomb.
		The last part of the film discusses Kurchatov’s fears about a possible nuclear holocaust; however, it also states that he continued to encourage development of the hydrogen bomb, which was more destructive than previous bombs.
	alsos.wlu.edu /information.aspx?id=1104 (145 words)

	Alsos: Citizen Kurchatov: Stalin's Bomb Builder
		This Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) website provides a brief biography of Igor Kurchatov, the physicist who led the atomic bomb project of the former Soviet Union.
		The sections are brief but highlight Kurchatov's accomplishments in each phase of his life.
		The material was used in the one hour 1999 PBS film on Kurchatov.
	alsos.wlu.edu /information.aspx?id=405 (53 words)

	Appendix B: RRC Kurchatov Institute
		The Kurchatov Institute, located in Moscow, is one of two Russian institutes that design, construct, and operate nuclear power reactors.
		Kurchatov's scientists and engineers had developed one small thermoelectric power source and had completed the preliminary design for a larger unit.
		The Kurchatov Institute staff has estimated that this type of unit could support a Russian settlement (village) of 1,050 people, and that there are 15,000 settlements in the country that could use them.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/subsea/b_rrc.htm (864 words)

	Igor Kurchatov: Celebrities, Famous People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I picture Kurchatov bent over copius, calculus-filled American nucleonic notes hour after hour, with the weight of the expectations of the entire Soviet Union on his shoulders.
		Despite all the recriminations about the atomic bomb details obtained from spying at Los Alamos, the achievements of the Russion physicists are astonishing.
		For this, Kurchatov, must be one of the most remarkable physicists of the century.
	www.strelna.ru /en/comments/datesperson/21.htm (872 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Life after The Bomb in Kazakhstan
		There can be few places on the planet as strange as Kurchatov, once the secret base from which Soviet scientists oversaw the testing of the USSR's nuclear weaponry.
		It shows a model of the site of the first test, where animals tethered to military hardware were put in the way of the blasts.
		Kazakhstan's National Nuclear Centre (NNC), based in Kurchatov, is trying to clean up the site and wants to map it out, but this is a lengthy process.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4501776.stm (917 words)

	Russia
		Originally known as Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Kurchatov Institute was founded in 1943 to develop nuclear weapons.[1] Until 1991,the Ministry of Atomic Energy oversaw the Kurchatov Institute's administration.
		Spent fuel (with initial enrichment of 10%) that accumulated from the RFT reactor from 1953-1958 is kept in the MR reactor dry storage facility.
		The Kurchatov Institute will contribute technical expertise and equipment to the ITER project.[2] Meanwhile, Kurchatov Institute Vice-President Nikolay Ponomarev-Stepnoy expressed his disagreement with the Ministry of Atomic Energy's backing of the BREST fast-breeder reactor program, developed by Scientific Research and Design Institute of Energy Technologies (NIKIET), as the future for Russian nuclear power industry.
	www.nti.org /db/nisprofs/russia/reactor/research/with/kurchato.htm (7662 words)

	Nukes: A Lesson From Russia - Supporting Documentation - Center for Defense Information
		It summarizes an experience and know-how gained by specialists of the ’Kurchatov Institute’ Russian Research Center in an area of design and development of ‘near-real-time’ computerized nuclear material accounting systems with implementation of Client-Server architecture and Microsoft software products including MS Windows NT v.
		They are going to visit Kurchatov in September, 2000 as members of GAO team evaluating Kurchatov performance in contracts with the U.S.DOE National Labs.
		He is eager to provide Kurchatov by the said above $40K in a form of LANL-KI contract which may be titled as 'Development and implementation of data integrity verification technologies for SQL Server Databases used in a computerized material accounting systems'.
	www.cdi.org /nuclear/nukesoftware.html (7528 words)

	The Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program
		The most significant early work on fission in the Soviet Union was performed by Yakov Zel'dovich and Yuli Khariton who published a series of papers in 1939-41 that laid the groundwork for later Soviet atomic weapons development.
		Lavrenti Beria was appointed to head the entire project, with Kurchatov remaining as scientific director.
		The graphite moderated F-1 (for "Physics-1") was apparently based on the design of the Hanford 305 reactor and originally operated at a power level of 10 watts (later upgraded to 24 kilowatts).
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Russia/Sovwpnprog.html (2117 words)

	Pravda.RU In Honor of Igor Kurchatov: The Symbol of the Russian Nuclear Power
		The meeting was devoted to the 100th anniversary since the birth of outstanding Soviet nuclear scientist, Igor Kurchatov.
		One of the brightest scientific achievements is the progress that the humanity had in the study of the nuclear power.
		Academician Igor Kurchatov was awarded with the title of the Hero of Social Labor three times, he was a four-time State Prize laureate.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2003/01/13/41961.html (3500 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Life after The Bomb in Kazakhstan
		Remains of animals used in the tests are preserved in a museum
		It is impressively remote, a three-hour drive along an icy, potholed road across the frozen wastes of northern Kazakhstan - flanked on one side by the majestic Irtysh river and on the other by the test area.
		Empty buildings are everywhere, even at the town's core where a statue of founder Igor Kurchatov towers over a pleasant-looking square.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4501776.stm (917 words)

	Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov Biography
		Kurchatov's early work on non-conductors (dielectrics) led to studies in atomic physics.
		After studying neutrons, Kurchatov proposed the splitting of heavy atoms in 1939, and became the head of Soviet atomic research efforts during World War II.
		Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov from Science and Its Times.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/igor-vasilevich-kurchatov-scit-06123456 (110 words)

	Analysis Of Infrasound Signals From Ekibastuz Mining Blasts At Kurchatov, Kazakstan (ResearchIndex)
		If your firewall is blocking outgoing connections to port 3125, you can use these links to download local copies.
		Abstract: Infrasound signals have been detected from large mining blasts in Kazakstan by the infrasound arrays at Kurchatov and Borovoye.
		For one month of data (March 1999) from the Kurchatov cross-array, we have recorded 163 events from the Ekibastuz mining region (D= 245 km, B-Az: 296) in seismic channels, of which 63 (~43%) were detected in infrasound channels.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /550935.html (221 words)

	Isonics Homeland Security Division Signs Technology Agreement with Russia's Top Nuclear Research Institution; Kurchatov ...
		Under the terms of this agreement, the Moscow-based Kurchatov Institute will establish a task force of scientists to identify and screen new technologies and products for potential acquisition by the Isonics homeland security division.
		The Kurchatov scientists will provide a range of research and development services to assist Isonics as the Company expands its offerings in the global homeland security sector.
		The Kurchatov Institute was established in 1943 to conduct weapons research, but was later transformed into one of the one of the world's leading academic centers in pursuit of peaceful uses of scientific knowledge.
	www.tmcnet.com /usubmit/2005/Mar/1126468.htm (1395 words)

	Teller-Kurchatov Nonproliferation Fellowships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		(A) the Kurchatov Institute, in the case of a scientist employed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; and
		(B) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in the case of a scientist employed at the Kurchatov Institute.
		(A) one fellowship to a scientist employed at the Kurchatov Institute; and
	www.fas.org /sgp/congress/2004/defauth-teller.html (355 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information - - Document #505752 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The program has progressed in the direction to include the participation of Kurchatov personnel in the promotion, design, and implementation of Remote Monitoring Systems (RMS).
		The program has evolved from a system that was completely designed and implemented by Sandia (system that is currently installed at the Kurchatov gas plant) to a functional demonstration RMS that was designed and implemented by Kurchatov personnel with guidance and assistance from Sandia.
		This paper will present a brief history on the remote monitoring collaborations between Sandia and Kurchatov with an emphasis on the activities/accomplishments of the past year.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=505752 (254 words)

	Meetups near Kurchatov - Meetup.com
		Home > Meetups By City > Russia > Meetups near Kurchatov
		There are currently no top interests within 50 miles of Kurchatov.
		Receive a free weekly calendar of upcoming Meetups near your city.
	www.meetup.com /cities/ru/kurchatov (33 words)

	National Nuclear Center of Kazakhstan Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The 6th Conference-Competition of Young Scientists and Specialists was held in Kurchatov
		Government Approved the Project on Nuclear Technologies Park Development in Kurchatov
		Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) (Almaty, Kurchatov, VKO Aksay Village)
	www.nnc.kz /e_index.php (287 words)

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