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Topic: Kurdish language

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Kurdic

Southern Kurdish

Mon language

Kurdish

Kurdish alphabet

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Balochi language

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Ossetian language

Dialect continuum

Persian language

Northeast Caucasian languages

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	The Kurdish Language and Literature
		Kurdish belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and to the Irano-Aryan group of this family.
		Kurdish, the language of the Kurds, which belongs to the north-westem group of Irano-Aryan languages has never had the opportunity to become unified and its dialects are generally separated into three groups with distinct similarities between them.
		Under pressure from Kurdish revolutionaries gathered around the much missed Dr. Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, whose memory is engraved in the depths of our hearts, who demand incessantly the recognition of their language and their culture, the Iranian authorities are forced to tolerate the publication of various Kurdish works.
	www.institutkurde.org /en/language (0 words)

	Passionate Polyglot Gives Kurdish Language a Voice in the World
		Kurdish is not dead, but it needs to be modernized.
		At age 18, he read a description of a Kurdish folk dance, which opened up a new vista for him of a people and culture he had never known existed, he said.
		You be the one to discover and explore the Kurdish language," Chyet said he was told by Alan Dundes, a professor of anthropology and folklore at Berkeley.
	www.puk.org /web/htm/news/nws/news030830.html (0 words)

	Editor of Kurdish-language weekly sentenced to 18 months in prison : print
		The reason for his arrest is not known, but it could be linked to his investigation of a massacre of residents in the village of Garna (in the Kurdish part of Iran) in the 1980s.
		Reporters Without Borders today condemned a wave of harassment of Kurdish journalists by local authorities in Iranian Kurdistan, which has been hit by clashes in recent weeks, and the closure of the daily Achti and the weekly Asou at the behest of the ministry of culture and Islamic guidance.
		Asou, which is published in both Kurdish and Farsi, was closed by judicial officials in Sanandaj (the capital of Kurdistan) on 3 August, probably because of its editorial line and its coverage of the events shaking the region.
	www.rsf.org /print.php3?id_article=14628 (0 words)

	Text News
		The topic of the meeting was uniting the two Kurdish administrations and forming a united government headed by Nechirvan Barzani as its prime minister.
		With regard to the Kurdish issue, it concluded that the improvements were merely theoretical.
		President Massoud Barzani reiterated the Kurdish view that Kirkuk is a Kurdish city and told Turkey it had no right to meddle in Iraq’s affairs and said any military intervention by Ankara aimed at stalling the creation of a Kurdish state would end in “disaster”, reported Reuters.
	home.cogeco.ca /~kurdistan6/31-3-05-tky-the-bully.htm (3051 words)

	Kurdish language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Kurdish is a member of the Western Iranian branch of Indo-European languages.
		Kurdish began to appear in writing in a version of the Persian alphabet during the 7th century AD.
		In Turkey Kurdish is written with the Latin alphabet and in parts of the former Soviet Union it is written with the Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/kurdish.htm (259 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Kurdish language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kurdish dialects are members of the northwestern subdivision of the Iranic branch of this largest family of languages in the world.
		The Kurdish language was derived from the ancient "Median" language or "Proto-Kurdish".
		Kurdish dialects can be divided into three primaries groups: 1) the Northern Kurdish dialects group also called Kurmanjí and Badínaní, 2) Central Kurdish dialects group also called Soraní (see also basic linguistic differences between these two major branches) and 3) the Southern Kurdish dialects group also called Pehlewaní or "Pahlawanik" group in some sources.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ku/Kurdish_language (389 words)

	Kurdish language - Definition, explanation
		The Kurdish languages belong to the northwestern group of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family; a close relative is Persian, which is in the southwestern group.
		The Kurdish languages form a dialect continuum, with comprehensibility diminishing as the distance from one's native dialect increases.
		The claim that the Kurdish languages have as their direct ancestor the language of the Iranian Medes seem not to be supported by the linguistic data.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/k/ku/kurdish_language.php (696 words)

	No intellectual base for Kurdish nationalism
		Now this Kurdish nationalist movement, if we accept it, or if we agree that it is represented by the Kurdish political parties in different parts of Kurdistan, has not had the creation of a nation state in its agenda.
		The Kurdish nationalist movement in northern Kurdistan is a good example for this and the other examples that we mentioned of other languages and nationalist movements, show that one can be a nationalist within a nationalist movement, without necessarily speaking that language which is particular to that nation.
		It needs language policy, cultural policy to be constructed, to be developed, and to be a medium of education in the very beginning of the education up to the university level.
	www.kurdishaspect.com /doc1010102.html (5188 words)

	Kurdish language at AllExperts
		The Kurdish language is an Indo-Iranian language spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.
		The Kurdish language belongs to the western sub-group of the Iranian languages which belong to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages family.
		In Kurdish object agrees with the subject and the verb agrees with the object and this is unlike Persian, Turkish and Arabic in which object has an accusative marker and the verb in all tenses agrees with the subject of the sentence.
	en.allexperts.com /e/k/ku/kurdish_language.htm (1648 words)

	Learn Kurdish Language - Free Conversational Kurdish Lessons Online - Common Kurdish Words and Phrases (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phrasebase drastically simplifies the language learning process by prioritizing the various components of learning and focusing your study efforts on the areas of greatest importance.
		The key is to immerse yourself in the language and use it as often as possible in order to build up your skills of speaking it and listening to it, understanding and comprehending it...
		Kurdish Language Exchange Pen-Pals - Community of people from around the world interested in teaching you their language and sharing their culture with you.
	www.phrasebase.com /learn/kurdish.php (1866 words)

	Kurdish Translation Services - Translators English/Kurdish
		Kurdi and Kurmanji are held to be separate languages; although the lexicon of the two languages is highly similar, grammatically the two show considerable differences and are not always mutual intelligible.
		Kurdish, however, has official regional status in Iraqi Kurdistan and is the primary language of school instruction.
		Kurdish was banned in Turkey in 1938 and did not become legal again until 1991.
	www.greentranslations.com /kurdish-translation.html (237 words)

	Kurdi
		Kurdish belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
		Like other Iranian languages, Kurdish is an inflected language, i.e., it adds prefixes and suffixes to roots to express grammatical relations and to form words.
		Kurdish is a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february/kurdi.html (1310 words)

	Kurdish Info - Kurdish linguistic rights report, 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kurdish is the chief mass media language in TV and radio broadcastings, about 300 periodicals and three major publishing centres.
		Kurdish has shortly gained a major status during the short-lived Kurdistan Republic of Mehabad in 1945-1946, during which the local administration and education have been in Kurdish.
		Kurdish may not be used for public purposes such as election campaigns and in government bodies.
	www.kurdishinfo.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4507 (1619 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Ocalan Trial Monitor
		Leyla Zana, a HEP deputy, appeared wearing the "Kurdish colours" (red, yellow and green) in her hair and announced in Kurdish that she was taking her parliamentary oath in Turkish under protest.
		For example, the traditional Kurdish new year festival of Nevruz was recognized as a public holiday in 1993, but scores of people attempting street celebrations in Istanbul and other cities were detained and held in police custody for several days, in some cases being subjected to torture and ill-treatment.
		Kurdish language music - provided that it is not overtly political - seems to be tolerated, and the army's southeastern radio station "Voice of the Tigris" is sufficiently pragmatic, in trying to win the hearts and minds of the local population, to broadcast in the two main Kurdish dialects as well as Turkish and Turkmen.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/eca/turkey/kurd.htm (2317 words)

	Opened with a flourish, Turkey's Kurdish-language schools fold \| csmonitor.com
		Kurdish language activists counter that the desire to learn Kurdish is there, but it must be taught in public schools - a practice that's still banned.
		A coalition of Kurdish grass-roots organizations has already begun a campaign called "I want to be taught in my mother tongue," aimed at pressuring the Turkish government to institute Kurdish language education in public schools.
		For now, the issue of Kurdish language education seems to be back at square one, with neither private nor public courses offered.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/1005/p07s02-woeu.html (0 words)

	"The Kurdish Reawakening in Syria" (April 2004)
		the establishment of Kurdish language schools, recognition of Kurdish as an official language, and the appointment of Kurdish administrators in Kurdish areas) were rejected by the French and one of its leading figures, the poet Osman Sabri, was sent into exile in Madagascar.
		In 1957, the Kurdish Democratic Party of Syria (KDPS) was founded by a broad coalition of prominent Kurdish intellectuals calling for recognition of Kurdish national rights and an end to the marginalization of Kurds in the administration.
		Syrian Kurdish activists often received a hostile reception at political conferences organized by the large Kurdish Diaspora in Europe because their activities were seen a threat to the PKK.
	www.meib.org /articles/0404_s1.htm (4268 words)

	The Kurdish People: an Analysis by language, geography, religion and ethnicity
		Each language tends to borrow terms from the dominant language in their geopolitical sphere, thus Kurmanji in Turkey has borrowed more from Turkish, while Sorani speakers in Iran and Hawrami speakers have borrowed from Persian, while Sorani speakers in Iraq tend to borrow Arabic terms.
		The respective speech forms classified by SIL as dialects of the various languages, however, remain mutually intelligible among themselves, while the broader languages are characterized as not mutually intelligible.
		Language will be a primary identifying factor among the Kurdish people, and thus a primary factor in considering communication strategy within the community.
	endor.hsutx.edu /~obiwan/articles/kurds.html (2455 words)

	Kurdish language
		That is why it is not easy to make the language prosper, and the number of Kurdish speakers is declining.
		Kurdish, however, is called one of the two official language of Iraq.
		The nouns have all Indo-European categories, which are sometimes lost in other Iranian languages - they are declined in two genders (male, female), cases (nominative, indirect, vocative), numbers (singular and plural).
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/iran/kurdish.html (198 words)

	Kurdish Computing Information (Penn State)
		Kurdish is closely related to Persian, but has a very different cultural history.
		There are several Roman or Latin alphabets used for Kurdish, but as long your computer has fonts for a central European language like Hungarian or Romanian, your system should be able to create the accents.
		Another option is to compose the basic text in an international or foreign languags text editor or word processor and export the content as an HTML or text file with the appropriate encoding.
	tlt.its.psu.edu /suggestions/international/bylanguage/kurdish.html (965 words)

	Cultural renaissance
		Unfortunately Kurdish culture is one of those that is not widely acknowledged or well known outside of the Kurdish region.
		This was one of the factors that encouraged the renowned Kurdish poet Sherko Bekas to found the Sardam Publishing House.
		The new building is certainly impressive and draws many admiring glances from passersby and Bekas is certainly pleased with it, because it has space for a small art gallery to exhibit the many pieces of art that Sardam has received over the years.
	www.kurdishaspect.com /doc2706101.html (553 words)

	Kurdish language policy in Iran (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although this may be considered the beginning of an official language policy reflecting the position of Persian nationalists it was not until the coming to power of the Pahlavi dynasty that the central government was in a position to implement the constitutional stipulation effectively.
		In bis autobiography, poet Hazhar (1968:154-55) wrote that he and his father had put their few Kurdish books in a metal box and buried it in the courtyard in their village house which was far from the closest city.
		When census figures on the languages of Iran were released for the first time in 1960, the Tehran daily Kayhan carried interviews with three philologists one of whom, S.
	www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk /~siamakr/Kurdish/KURDICA/1999/APR/Iran-policy.html (2052 words)

	The role of Medya TV satellite channel on the Kurdish language (KurdishMedia.com) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This paper addresses the influence of the first Kurdish satellite TV station, Med TV and later Medya TV, on different aspects of the Kurdish language based on the perspective of the Medya TV co-workers.
		The effect on the Kurdish language has been significant, particularly along the borders with Arab-speaking areas where the younger generation has forgotten Kurdish because they are never required to use it.
		A framework for wider Kurdish media organisations is needed, where experts from all different aspects of Kurdish media meet to discuss improvement and development.
	www.kurdmedia.com /articles.asp?id=9156 (2637 words)

	News & Analysis: Arabic-Kurdish Language Divide in Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The language divide between the north and the rest of the county has always existed.
		In Iraqi Kurdistan, offices usually have Kurdish and, sometimes, English signs, and official documents are often drafted in the native language of the northern region.
		She indicated that the onus is on Kurds to know Arabic, because it is the language of Islam and enables them to have better relations with Arab citizens.
	electroniciraq.net /news/2435.shtml (927 words)

	The Azadi English-Kurdish Dictionary (KurdishMedia.com) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Politically, it assists in refuting any claim that questions the credibility and the beauty of the Kurdish language as one of the main modern and living languages in today’s world.
		On the contrary, it explains and shows the context of most of the English words in Kurdish, which may not be a simple task.
		Whether it is for a serious purpose or just for fun, every home should have one, whether it is a Kurdish home or a home where an individual who uses the Kurdish language lives.
	www.kurdmedia.com /articles.asp?id=13314 (1149 words)

	Kurdish Bibles
		Kurdish is spoken in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and other countries in the Middle East.
		The Kurdish New Testament (Sorani dialect) in Adobe Reader format from the International Bible Society.
		Kurdish New Testament from the International Bible Society.
	www.ethnicharvest.org /bibles/kurdish.htm (110 words)

	Learn Kurdish Online - Write or Speak in Kurdish Language Exchange
		A language exchange complements other forms of learning such as classroom, cultural immersion and multimedia, because you get to practice all that you have learned with native speakers in a safe and supportive environment.
		Language exchange learning is also inexpensive because we provide free tips and conversation lesson plans that allow you to do a language exchange on your own.
		Add your profile to the language exchange community and let others contact you to for language exchange learning.
	www.mylanguageexchange.com /Learn/Kurdish.asp (0 words)

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