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	Witnesses in Saddam trial recall massacre of Kurdish detainees - USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		BAGHDAD (AP) — A Kurdish witness at Saddam Hussein's genocide trial testified Wednesday that he survived a massacre by running and falling into a ditch full of bodies as troops fired on his group of detainees.
		A second Kurd told of a separate massacre in which 35 detainees, knowing they were about to die, decided to attack their guards in the hope that if they struck first, at least one would live to tell the tale.
		Speaking from behind a curtain to conceal his identity for fear of reprisal, the first witness said he was in a group of detainees who thought they were being taken to another detention center during the military offensive that Saddam's government waged against the Kurds in northern Iraq in 1988.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2006-10-18-saddam_x.htm (746 words)

	Hama massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hama massacre occurred when the government of Syria attacked the town of Hama and killed thousands of people on February 2, 1982.
		Journalist Robert Fisk, who was in Hama shortly after the massacre, estimated that 10,000 to 20,000 citizens were killed, but according to Thomas Friedman Rifaat later boasted of killing 38,000 people.
		Occurring 8 months before the Sabra and Shatila Massacre, in comparison, Hama is heavily underdiscussed in both the media and in academic circles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hama_Massacre (1021 words)

	Halabja poison gas attack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most authoritative investigation into responsibility for the Halabja massacre, by Dr Jean Pascal Zanders, Project Leader of the Chemical and Biological Warfare Project at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) concluded that Iraq was the culprit, and not Iran.
		The most categorical proof is the many further well-documented incidents of deliberate attacks on Kurdish civilians occurring at the same time throughout Kurdish northern Iraq also perpetrated without doubt by Iraqi forces during the Al-Anfal Campaign.
		The massacre at Halabja did not raise protests by the international community in March 1988.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halabja_poison_gas_attack (1552 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kurdish MPs who dared to raise the question of human rights or to speak in Kurdish were charged with violating the Turkish constitution and spreading separtism - a charge which bears the death penalty.
		The approach of the Kurdish New Year (Newroz) 1993 brought with it the danger of a repetition of the previous massacres of Kurds by Turkish troops during Newroz 1992.
		The Kurdish people will continue to oppose the Turkish authorities' savage response to their desire for freedom and will do their utmost to draw the attention of the world to what is happening in Kurdistan.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/kurd.htm (10856 words)

	[No title]
		Massacre of Assyrians in Ottoman (Turkish) towns and villages.
		Bashkala massacre of 50 Gawarnai Assyrians by Muslim mob.
		Kurdish chief, Simko, assassinates Mar Benyamin Shimmun in Salamas, Iran.
	www.zindamagazine.com /iraqi_documents/timelineofbrutality.html (2948 words)

	Whatever Happened To The Iraqi Kurds? (Human Rights Watch Report, March 11, 1991)
		Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh.
		The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles are enormous.
		Throughout the war, Iran had supplied the Iraqi Kurdish rebels with safe haven and other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish region.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm (13683 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news Escapee talks of Kurdish massacre
		He was eventually helped by a desert tribesman who hid him for several years before he returned to the north of the country, where word spread that a child had survived a massacre.
		Saddam and his former aides argue that it was a legitimate counter-insurgency operation against Kurdish separatists at a time when the country was at war with neighbouring Iran.
		Dozens of Kurdish villagers and former guerrillas have already testified, giving horrifying accounts of atrocities allegedly committed by Iraqi forces against men, women and children during the Anfal campaign.
	www.iafrica.com /news/worldnews/476494.htm (761 words)

	Kurds hope for their say - Orlando Sentinel :
		It is Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani waving an early-1900s map of Iraq at a meeting of the Iraqi Governing Council.
		Kirkuk is a tangle of ethnic grievances among its Arab, Kurdish and Turkomen residents.
		Kurdish leaders estimate more than 300,000 Kurds were expelled from Kirkuk starting in the 1980s.
	www.orlandosentinel.com /ny-wotala0221,0,4044127.story (1438 words)

	The Hellenic Genocide
		In Erythrea and Phocaia the massacres of Greeks are merciless.
		The Armenian population is exiled to the Syrian desert and massacred by tens of thousands, slain by the Turkish army, the irregulars and the civilians or left to die of hunger and maltreatment 1,500,000.
		The Turkish victory is followed by a general massacre of the Armenians and the annexation of one half of the independent Armenia to Turkey..
	www.btinternet.com /~argyros.argyrou/cyprus/Holocaust.htm (2751 words)

	Pakistan Today: Front Page 422004
		According to Kurdish sources, between 50 and 70 opponents of the Assad regime were killed and more than 200 injured by local police and the Syrian army during riots that swept through Qamoshli, Hasakah, Dirik, Amouda, and Ras el-Ein, all Kurdish-majority cities in northern Syria.
		The unrest also touched the Syrian capital of Damascus, albeit on a smaller scale, as a number of impromptu pro-democracy demonstrations were held by protesters as a show of solidarity with the rioters.
		Reached by cell phone last week, a Kurdish activist who was present during the Qamoshli riots drew a parallel to the carnage of Hama.
	www.paktoday.com /cry.htm (753 words)

	Gendercide Watch: The Anfal Campaign (Iraqi Kurdistan), 1988
		The KDP [Kurdish Democratic Party] has received consistent reports from sources within the military that at least part of this group has been used as guinea pigs to test the effects of various chemical agents.
		Accordingly, when captured Kurdish populations were transported to detention centres (notably the concentration camp of Topzawa near the city of Kirkuk), they were subjected to the classic process of gendercidal selection: separating adult and teenage males from the remainder of the community.
		At the tail end of the war, in March 1991, the Kurdish population of northern Iraq launched a general uprising against the Iraqi regime, and briefly managed to expel it from the region.
	www.gendercide.org /case_anfal.html (4053 words)

	Kurds: Bombers are militant splinter group - Orlando Sentinel : News Kurds: Bombers are militant splinter group - ...
		Kurdish officials say the group, which once had about 700 members, has provided scores of recruits for suicide attacks since the U.S. invasion of Iraq.
		Kurdish Islamists were inspired by the 1979 Islamic Revolution in neighboring Iran, even though most Kurds belong to the Sunni branch of Islam while the majority of Iranians are Shia Muslims.
		The Kurdish Islamist parties adhere to Salafism, an austere brand of Sunni Islam that was relatively unknown in Iraqi Kurdistan until about two decades ago.
	www.orlandosentinel.com /news/ny-woansa1224,0,3325812.story (1110 words)

	Kurdish Workers in the Iraqi Revolution of 1958-59
		The contradictory role of the Communist-led Kurdish proletariat in this period was demonstrated by the events in Mosul of March 1959 and the Kirkuk massacre in July of that year.
		The largely Kurdish ICP branch in Kirkuk used this control to escalate a squabble over the celebration of the first anniversary of the revolution into an intercommunal bloodbath, particularly directed against the Turkomans who made up much of the city’s commercial and middle classes.
		Leadership of the oppressed Kurdish toilers reverted to sheiks, khans and mullahs, as the subsequent Kurdish national revolt demonstrated.
	www.bolshevik.org /Pamphlets/Kurds/kurd_b.html (1093 words)

	DEBKAfile - Talabani Accuses Turkish Intelligence of Massacre
		Kurdish parties in northern Iraq later denied news reports claiming that Turkey was responsible for the double suicide attacks.
		Kurdish sources declared the Qaeda-linked Ansar al Islam lacked the resources and capabilities for mounting an operation of such magnitude and precision.
		It was clearly the work of a professional intelligence agency, who knew the two Kurdish heads Masoud Barzani, leader of the KDP and Jalal Talabani, head of the PUK, were to greet their followers at their respective headquarters in Arbil, along with the entire Iraqi Kurdish political and military leadership.
	www.debka.com /article_print.php?aid=779 (501 words)

	The Lost Peoples of the Middle East
		This Kurdish distrust of the Arab government of Baghdad is increased by the presence in Kurdistan of many Iraqi police and army posts.
		With the exception of a few Kurdish schools in one region in Iraq, schools in Kurdish villages in that country and in Syria are conducted in Arabic, though the only Arabic-speaking person in the village is the teacher.
		The Arab and Kurdish agents of Imperialism are now trying to exploit this incident to stir up the Kurdish feelings against the Arabs and the Arab feelings against the Kurds; that is to say they are working for the waging of a civil war between the two principal peoples in Iraq.
	www.aina.org /books/lpotme/lpotme.htm (13244 words)

	Kurdish National Congress of North America - kncna.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kurdish demonstrations following the killings have been met with a violent response from the Syrian government.
		The possibility of a similar massacre, this time directed against the Kurdish population, is alarmingly real.
		The Kurdish National Congress condemns the March 12 attacks on unarmed Kurdish spectators, The perpetrators of these massacres, whoever they are, must be brought to justice.
	www.kurdishnationalcongress.org /docs/viewArticle.asp?date=3/14/2004 (461 words)

	On Anniversary of Halabja Massacre, Kurds Poised to Regain Kirkuk - by Aaron Glantz
		ednesday was the 17th anniversary of the Halabja massacre.
		During the Anfal campaign, Kurdish villagers were taken to a place called Topzawa south of Kirkuk.
		Kurdish leaders are offering Arabs compensation to leave the city, but Dr. Ali Falah says he has no plans to take it.
	www.antiwar.com /glantz/?articleid=5235 (963 words)

	[No title]
		The buildings of the Kurdish press have been bombed and journalists and writers murdered by paramilitary gangs controlled by the national intelligence agency of Turkey.
		Washington says it has been trying to solve the Kurdish problem, but what this means in practice is that the US government has been using its conservative, pro-imperialist Kurdish allies in southern Kurdistan (northern Iraq) as pawns in its efforts to control the Middle East.
		Socialism and the Kurdish struggle It is essential that solidarity be built between Turkish and Kurdish workers.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/99mid/Greenleft_on_the_Kurds'_Struggle (1256 words)

	The Sassun Massacre
		In the summer of 1893 one of these men was captured near the city of Mush, and the government had suspicion that friends of his were gathering in the mountains on the east.
		The Kurdish chiefs finding themselves worsted withdrew, and no sufficient pressure could be brought to bear upon them to make them renew the contest.
		Our Kurdish Aghas came out from the village to defend us against the soldiers, but did not succeed, and returned to the village, and we were obliged to continue our journey, though tired and thirsty.
	armenianhouse.org /bliss/turkey/20-sassun-massacre.html (4149 words)

	Kurds: `Bush responsible for massacre'
		Mahmut Onay, the secretary of the Australian Democratic Kurdish Association, told Green Left that the Kurdish movements are demanding that the United Nations send a peacekeeping force to protect the Kurds in northern Iraq and that it then consider the rights of the Kurdish people.
		Kurdish rights are as essential to lasting Middle East peace as are Palestinian rights, he said.
		Kurdish liberation movements were hoping that they would gain some protection and recognition through the cease-fire arrangements.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1991/08/08p24.htm (1124 words)

	Saddam 'made massacre confession', Iraqi president says
		President Jalal Talabani told Iraqi television that he had been informed by an investigating judge that "he was able to extract confessions from Saddam's mouth" about crimes "such as executions" which the ousted leader had personally ordered.
		Those villages included Halabja, where thousands of Kurdish villagers were gassed in 1988.
		Saddam had confessed to crimes, he said in answer to a question, though it was not clear what details Talabani had of a legal process that is intended to be separate from Iraqi politics.
	www.ekurd.net /mismas/articles/misc2005/9/judgement78.htm (905 words)

	Khomenys Crimes
		Kurdish massacre by Khomeny's regime guards in Kurdistan - August 1979
		Khomeny's Islamic revolutionary guards massacring and executing Kurds summarily in Kurdistan after they had upraised and demanded for their rights and self-determination when shah of Iran ousted.
		Kurds were the first in Iran who had started protests and arose against corrupted and dictator shah Riza (King) of Iran.
	members.tripod.com /surkew/id100.htm (98 words)

	Untitled Document
		A group of 300 Kurdish intellectuals urged Ankara Wednesday to grant amnesty to Kurdish rebels fighting the army in Turkey’s southeast region in a bid to stop increasing bloodshed in the region.
		The Kurdish conflict in Turkey has claimed about 37,000 lives, most of them between 1984 and 1999, when the PKK waged a bloody campaign for Kurdish self-rule in the region.
		It is very clear with their massacre in Wan that their only solution is to carry on with their denials and attempted eradication of our people.
	www.freedom-for-ocalan.com /bulletin/2005/eJune27.htm (2018 words)

	[No title]
		Kurdish names are still banned, Kurdish language is forbidden, Kurdish political parties are acting without any permission, Kurdish names are still replaced by Arabic names, and the Arabic belt is still drown deep inside the Kurdish area.
		This land was seized from the original owners, the Kurds, and given to Arabs, who were brought from the banks of Euphrates and settled in the Kurdish area to change the demography of this area.
		Further measures taken by the Syrian government with the apparent effect of changing the demography of the area is to recognize the Arabic big villages as cities but not the Kurdish ones and let the Kurdish villages administrative belong to the Arabic cities.
	www.ohchr.org /english/issues/minorities/docs/12/YASA_Kurdish_Centre_for_Legal_Studies_Consultancy.doc (1008 words)

	Rojname.com, Independent Kurdish Web Portal, All About Kurds and Kurdistan, News, Photo, History, Forum, Chat weblinks ...
		The massacre and mass murder by Syrian army, and secret forces are still continuing as of now on defenseless Kurdish civilians.
		We, in the name of thousands of Kurdish immigrants, Refugees and citizens of Europe, Canada and USA, appeal and plead to you to help the oppressed and defend less Kurdish civilians of Syria who are being massacred now in their homes.
		We are hopeful, that the United States of America and Europe shall put urgent pressure on Syrian regime to stop this massacre on Kurdish people right now; we are worried that this regime will continue to massacre and kill 100s of Kurdish civilians if USA and Europe don't intervene immediately.
	www.rojname.com /article.php?sid=4377 (427 words)

	The Spectrum Online:
		Hussein to be prosecuted for genocide in Kurdish massacre
		A special criminal court in Baghdad, Iraq said in a news conference Tuesday it had completed gathering evidence on a massacre of tens of thousands of ethnic Kurds in the late 1980s, paving the way for a second trial of former dictator Saddam Hussein.
		Hussein and seven co-defendants are currently in what Juhi called the "final stages" of a trial related to the alleged massacre of nearly 150 residents of Dujail, north of Baghdad, following an assassination attempt against Hussein as he traveled through the town in 1982.
	spectrum.buffalo.edu /article.php?id=26735 (245 words)

	Green Banner Carriers Commits a Bloody Massacre and Ignite Rotten Nationalistic Conflicts in Kirkuk
		There is nothing surprising as for the practices of nationalistic Kurdish parties, especially the PUK, but the unleashing of the nationalistic dinosaurs in the era of nationalism farces and the uncovered scandals of the nationalistic fascist Baathist party.
		The PUK has failed this time in implementing his policy on the Kurdish speaking people since it has been exposed to everyone that PUK is behind this massacre which has faced resentment and condemnation from Shourja, Rahim Awa, Hurriya, Iskan and Al Musalla of which the majority of inhabitants is Kurdish.
		Our broadcast has condemned the massacre and hold, as is the case, the nationalistic Kurdish Parties, especially the PUK, responsible for what happened in Kirkuk and asked the US troops to immediately intervene to bear it responsibility as stated in Geneva Code that takes the occupying army responsible for the safety any city it occupies.
	www.wpiraq.net /english/samir20603.htm (818 words)

	Kurdish - Tag Story Index - USATODAY.com
		Kurdish witness in Saddam's trial recalls 40 villagers died in alleged 1988 chemical attack
		A Kurdish chemistry teacher gave a harrowing account at Saddam Hussein's genocide trial Monday of the death of 40 fellow villagers, including his mother and two daughters, in an alleged chemical attack in 1988.
		Authorities recovered the bodies of 16 more flood victims in the predominantly Kurdish southeast region on Thursday, increasing the death toll in the past two days to 38, the state-owned Anatolia news agency reported.
	www.usatoday.com /community/tags/topic.aspx?req=tag&pg=12&tag=Kurdish (450 words)

	Mass Graves of Iraq: Uncovering Atrocities
		The 1983 attack against Kurdish citizens belonging to the Barzani tribe, 8,000 of whom were rounded up by the regime in northern Iraq and executed in deserts at great distances from their homes.
		Chemical attacks against Kurdish villages from 1986 to 1988, including the Halabja attack, when the Iraqi Air Force dropped sarin, VX and tabun chemical agents on the civilian population, killing 5,000 people immediately and causing long-term medical problems, related deaths, and birth defects among the progeny of thousands more.
		The 1991 massacre of Iraqi Shi’a Muslims after the Shi’a uprising at the end of the Gulf war, in which tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians in such regions as Basra and Al-Hillah were killed.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/27000.htm (1426 words)

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