Kurds in Turkey - Factbites

Kurds in Turkey - Factbites
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Topic: Kurds in Turkey

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In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)

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	Turkey's Ambition-Driven Reforms
		Turkey has long feared that the emergence of an autonomous Kurdish state in northern Iraq could reignite the separatist sentiment among its own Kurds.
		But an aspiration to join the European Union has forced Turkey to rethink years of repression of its ethnic Kurds.
		Turkey's bid to join the 15-nation European Union has been opposed by European leaders, partly because of Turkey's efforts to forcibly assimilate its Kurds.
	www.puk.org /web/htm/news/nws/news040324b.html (926 words)

	anmeldung
		Kurmanci east speaks by approximately 90% about the Kurds from Turkey; it is also speaks in the Kurdish areas about Iran and Iraq neighbors of Turkey and by the Kurds in Syria, i.e.
		However, it West not etonnant that the Kurds, deprive of their national laws and subjected has measurements of re-pressed massive, drive back has poverty and has I' uncertainty, and without possibility of using the legaux and peaceful means fight policy, again took again the weapons to fight against this cruel repression.
		Article 39 of the draft of Lausanne, according to which the citizens of Turkey had the right to use freely their language in the everyday life, was crowd with the feet, and the use Kurdish language completely prohibited as well in the press as in the system of education.
	www.pen-kurd.org /englizi/evin-cicek/the-movment-of-the-liberation.html (926 words)

	Cities in Turkey
		Article Publication TimeStamp: 09/01/2002 02:00 AM National Catholic Reporter - Turkey's Kurds flee to cities to escape poverty, fighting - Kurds are 20% of the nation's population; Kurdish Workers Party - PKK - is banned
		June 1, 2003 -- Akdamar Island in Lake Van, Turkey Lake Van is a large mountain lake in eastern Turkey filled by waters from the surrounding area's harsh winter's...
		July 26, 1996 -- About 25% of Turkey's parliament are Kurds and yet they are not recognized as an ethnic entity by the government.
	www.articlesgalore.com /documents/Category:Cities_in_Turkey (926 words)

	Kurdistan - Turkey
		In Turkey two major Kurdish dialects are spoken: Kermanji, which is used by the majority of Kurds, as well as by some of the Kurds in Iran and Iraq; and Zaza, spoken mainly in a triangular region in southeastern Turkey between Diyarbakir, Ezurum, and Sivas, as well as in parts of Iran.
		The provinces in southeastern Turkey are Sirnak, Diyarbakir, Van, Siirt, Mus, Mardin, Batman, Bingol, Tunceli, Hakkari, Bitlis, Adana, Adiyaman, Hatay, Elazig, Gaziantep, Kahraman Maras, Kilis, Malatya, Icel, Osmaniye and Sanliurfa.
		Turkey's other leaders were not as willing as Özal to recognize Kurdish distinctiveness, and only two months after his death in April 1993, the Constitutional Court issued its decision declaring the HEP illegal.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/kurdistan-turkey.htm (926 words)

	History of Turkey & Anatolia
		Kurds in Turkey are virtually all Muslims and physically appear no different than Turks, but maintain their own Kurdish language, culture, and traditions.
		In 1923, the Republic of Turkey was founded on a policy of ethnic Turk nationalism, which wrongly classified Kurds as "mountain Turks," who were supposedly "equal citizens" except that the Kurdish language and culture were outlawed!
		Turkey is especially motivated to improve its uneven human rights record and overcome island disputes in order to gain European Union acceptance, which would expand the economy.
	www.photoseek.com /Turkhist.html (3027 words)

	The Kurds By David Plotz
		Iran: The Iranian Kurds are much quieter than those in Turkey or Iraq.
		Kurds constitute only 10 percent of Iran's population; their culture and language are much closer to Iran's than they are to Turkey's or Iraq's; and Iranian governments have permitted them limited cultural expression, though no political autonomy.
		The Kurds have spent most of the last two millennia fighting against, or allying with, the Arabs, the Persians, and the Turks.
	www.slate.com /id/1032 (1253 words)

	Turkey (Harpers.org)
		Turkey announced that it had killed 23,000 separatist Kurds in the last 15 years and threatened to get even with France if its parliament passed a bill recognizing the Turkish genocide of Armenians.
		Scientists were investigating a family of mentally retarded Kurds in Turkey who walk on all fours.
		Kurds, who still suffer harassment, torture, and political killings in Turkey, were unable to respond officially in their own language.
	harpers.org /Turkey.html (1230 words)

	Detailed Country Profile: Turkey
		Number of Kurds living in Turkey (and people speaking Kurdish)is usually exaggerated, first of all it is not possible to come up with a certain percentage since ethnic origin is not asked to the people in census conducted in Turkey.
		Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms.
		Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/tu (2210 words)

	KurdishMedia.com - Articles and opinion regarding Kurdish issues
		But the unification of Kurdistan and the standardisation of the Kurdish language cannot be achieved without bringing Kurds from all parts of Kurdistan, South [Iraq], West [Syria], North [Turkey] and East [Iran], online.
		The unification of diaspora Kurds, therefore, would be equivalent to the unification of a miniature Kurdistan, and would provide a test-case for the ultimate unification.
		Currently, the unified language of this debate for all Kurds is English and for Kurds from North [Turkey] is Turkish.
	www.kurdmedia.com /reports.asp?id=556 (2210 words)

	Tu
		The culture of Kurds living in Turkey is not fundamentally different from the other ethnic groups living in their area, I think this is because culture was shaped heavily by the land and religion (which is mostly common), and strong interaction over centuries homogonized things.
		Since there are also non-muslim people from Turkey, as well as Kurds, I expect this number to increase.
		For all practical purposes Turkey is one of the few Countries that elected a minority as their president, Turgut Özal, he was not elected because he was a member of the minority, but for his character.
	www.gateserver.net /Topicdetails.aspx?Topicid=8021&name=&catid=543&topicname=Turkey (4678 words)

	Turkey's parliament may vote again on GIs / Party leader says nation's future requires reversal
		Turkey fears that Iraqi ethnic Kurds, who rule a semi-autonomous part of Iraq's north, may try to create an independent state, sparking the nationalist aspirations of Turkey's own 12 million Kurds.
		Turkey is likely to lose $25 billion to $30 billion if there is a war in Iraq, estimated Zafer Ali Yavan, the Ankara representative of the Association of Industrialists and Businessmen of Turkey.
		Ankara, Turkey -- Turkey's top politician signaled that Turkish leaders might once again ask the parliament to allow U.S. troops into the country, and he urged legislators from Turkey's ruling party to put national interests before their personal feelings should the government resubmit the resolution for a second vote.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/03/05/MN10558.DTL (1132 words)

	Opened with a flourish, Turkey's Kurdish-language schools fold csmonitor.com
		BATMAN, TURKEY – For years, Kurdish language instructor Aydin Unesi had to teach clandestinely throughout this city in Turkey's southeast region, home to the majority of the country's 14 million Kurds.
		For the government, which allowed the schools to open as part of a wave of European Union-prodded reforms instituted to strengthen the country's candidacy for membership - under discussion this week in Brussels - the closings are proof that Turkey's Kurds are not really interested in learning their language.
		Modern Turkey, built on the remains of the polyglot and multicultural Ottoman Empire, has long looked at the Turkish language as one of the keys to unifying the nation.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/1005/p07s02-woeu.html (702 words)

	Demographics of Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Turkey: A Country Study, a 1995 on line publication of the U.S. Library of Congress, there is a whole chapter about Kurds in Turkey where it is stated that 'Turkey's censuses do not list Kurds as a separate ethnic group.
		Turkey has recently recognised, under the pressure of the European Union, a series of languages such as Kurdish (Kurmanji), Arabic and Zaza as minority languages together with several other smaller ethnic group languages.
		Modern Turkey spans bustling cosmopolitan centres, pastoral farming villages, barren wastelands, peaceful Aegean and Mediterannean coastlines, and steep mountain regions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey (1659 words)

	Kurdish people - Biocrawler
		Kurds are an Indo-Iranian, non-Arab population that inhabits the transnational region known as Kurdistan, a plateau and mountain area in Southwest Asia including parts of Iraq, Turkey, and Iran and smaller sections of Syria and Armenia.
		Turkey and U.S., in separate statements, say they will not allow the Kurds to occupy the city.
		Although prime minister Erdogan of Turkey now claims a "zero tolerance policy on torture", in reality this is still not the case [1] (http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news/press/16060.shtml) according to Amnesty International.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Kurd (2393 words)

	North Cyprus, VAT, North Cyprus, Turkey,North Cyprus House Sale, Property for Sale North Cyprus
		Turkey has been attempting to improve its human rights image as part of the pro EU reform programme and many alleged breaches are in respect of treatment of Kurds.
		Turkey will reiterate its disappointment over the continuing isolation of North Cyprus despite the wave of positive statements in the aftermath of the April 2004 referendum in which Turkish Cypriots voted in favour of the Annan Plan to re-unite the island.
		Mr Erdogan, Turkey's Prime Minister, was shocked by the discovery of an annexe in a document which amounted to a tacit recognition of the (Greek) Republic of Cyprus.
	www.wellestates.com /news_art.htm (2393 words)

	INCORE: Conflict Data Service: Internet Country Guides: Turkey
		A discussion of the similarities and differences between the Albanians in Kosovo and the Kurds in Turkey, and an analysis of possibilities for the future.
		With reference to the Kurds in Turkey, the project provides an overview, background information into the major Kurdish parties and associations, and a chronology of events.
		This page presents documents on human rights in Turkey and provides communications to the organizations that took part in the International Peace Conference in Ankara, Turkey in May of 1997.
	www.incore.ulst.ac.uk /cds/countries/turkey.html (1357 words)

	History Forum -> What Zionists Did In Turkey 90 Years Ago!
		Turkey has a history of killing people for fun and persecuting minorities for no good reason it is no suprise to me that they would what you posted to happen as well.
		Those jews of Turkey and the political jewish Zionists of Turkey are responsible for the Genocide of 1,5 million Zoroastrian Kurds and Armenian of Turkey!
		HE did not mean that they specifically went looking for the Zoroastrians I am not thinking but rather they were included in the numbers of dead individuals of Armeans, Kurds etc.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2857 (1357 words)

	Mending Fences with Turkey - Council on Foreign Relations
		The Bush administration must be diplomatically deft and sensitive to Turkey's concerns as Washington seeks to mend fences with Ankara while simultaneously considering the political demands of Iraqi Kurds, who were so important to the campaign against Saddam Hussein.
		The Turks are opposed to autonomy for predominantly Kurdish northern Iraq out of fear this will both create a bastion for terrorists of the Kurdistan Workers Party who have fought Turkey since the mid-1980s and provide an emotional, cultural, and potentially political alternative for Kurds in southeastern Turkey.
		Turkey remains too important to the war on terror and the reconstruction of Iraq for the Bush administration to continue to allow its policy toward Ankara to drift, which is why Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's visit to Washington is so critical.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=6734 (1011 words)

	Amazon.com: A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition: Books: David McDowall
		Today's ongoing struggle for Kurdish independence stems from the apportioning that took place during that seven-year period after World War I, dividing the Kurds among the newly created nations of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria.
		McDowall focuses on the Kurds in Turkey and Iraq, where they constitute more than 20 percent of the population.
		The tragic history of the Kurds, with regards to their internecine politics vis-a-vis the various tribes, and more importantly their use as a pawn by larger states in the harsh realpolitik of the region has been captured in this extraordinary book.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1850434166?v=glance (1204 words)

	KURDS
		The Kurds are people of Indo-European origin who live mainly in the mountains and uplands where Turkey, Iraq, and Iran meet, in an area known as "Kurdistan" for hundreds of years.
		In Turkey almost 10 million Kurds are forbidden to use their own language or to describe themselves as Kurds, on pain of imprisonment Kurds are officially known as "Mountain Turks".
		The successes of the Iraqi Kurds in the field of language and education have, however, enabled them to create an impressive literature and a fully adequate written language, and have produced a generation of Kurds whose primary and secondary education have been in Kurdish.
	www.cool.mb.ca /~kakel/kurds.html (742 words)

	CNN.com - Ocalan case: Triumph or test of Turkish policy on Kurds? - November 20, 2000
		In 1978, left-wing Kurds under the direction of Ocalan founded the Marxist PKK, an organization whose goal was autonomy for Turkey's Kurds.
		Kurds see themselves as the largest ethnic group without a homeland, a people promised nationhood in the past, only to have it seized from their grasp.
		To them it was a chance to present Turkey as a repressive state that crushed their dream of self-determination.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/11/20/ocalan.overview (587 words)

	Turkey and the EU
		Since then, Turkey has witnessed three military coups (two proper ones in 1971 and 1980 and a "post-modern coup" in 1997), four devaluations of its extremely unstable currency and a 15 year civil war costing the Turkish Government more then $120 billion and claiming the lives of more then 30,000 people (mostly Kurds).
		And the EU is accepting another Trojan Horse because it has the foresight to see that the control over Turkey will be an important battle in the years to come.
		And to give credit to where it is due, pressure from EU authorities has resulted in the abolishment of the death penalty, the freedom of Kurds to speak and communicate in Kurdish, and a reformed and more humane criminal code.
	www.upsidedownworld.org /turkey_EU.htm (587 words)

	TURKEY: Why `Islamists' trounced the ruling parties
		Turkey's powerful military command and its ruling-class political parties are nervous about a US attack on Iraq, not out of anti-imperialism but out of the fear that it may encourage Iraqi Kurds, and therefore also Turkey's oppressed Kurds, to rebel and set up a Kurdish state.
		Turkey and Israel agreed in July to enhance their security relationship, jointly appealing to Washington to approve Ankara's purchase and possible co-production of the Arrow anti-tactical ballistic missile interceptor, developed by the US and recently deployed in Israel.
		“Politics has never seen such a widespread liquidation operation”, declared the Turkish daily Sabah following the crushing victory of the “Islamist” Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Turkey's November 3 general election.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2002/518/518p18.htm (2114 words)

	Article or Op-Ed
		Meanwhile, the party's popularity barely crosses the one percent mark in large cities in Europeanized western Turkey, such as Istanbul and Izmir, where around half of the country's Kurds live.
		GAP would usher in a new, water-based and cash-loaded economy in southeastern Turkey, weakening the grip of tribal culture over the rural Kurds.
		Growing up in Turkey, I was struck by a string of "realist" films in the 1970s that depicted the horrible conditions landless peasants endured under brutal landowners, known as agas.
	www.washingtoninstitute.org /templateC06.php?CID=865 (906 words)

	Turkey
		The collection included a 1992 article on Kurds that showed a map of the region most populated most heavily by Kurds; the article was published and circulated in Turkey.
		The Constitution establishes Turkey as a secular state and provides for freedom of belief, freedom of worship, and the private dissemination of religious ideas, and the Government generally observed these provisions in practice; however, it imposed some restrictions on religious minorities and on religious expression in government offices and state-run institutions, including universities.
		The lack of universal and immediate access to an attorney, long detention periods for those held for political crimes (especially in the state of emergency region), and a culture of impunity are major factors in the commission of torture by police and other security forces.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eur/844.htm (906 words)

	TURKEY: Why `Islamists' trounced the ruling parties
		Turkey's powerful military command and its ruling-class political parties are nervous about a US attack on Iraq, not out of anti-imperialism but out of the fear that it may encourage Iraqi Kurds, and therefore also Turkey's oppressed Kurds, to rebel and set up a Kurdish state.
		Turkey and Israel agreed in July to enhance their security relationship, jointly appealing to Washington to approve Ankara's purchase and possible co-production of the Arrow anti-tactical ballistic missile interceptor, developed by the US and recently deployed in Israel.
		The vanquished parties simply no longer had any authority with which to continue bludgeoning the people of Turkey into the kind of austerity demanded if the country is ever to join the EU.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2002/518/518p18.htm (2060 words)

	Informed Comment : 10/01/2003 - 10/31/2003
		Only Turkey is willing to supply 10,000 troops, but they are not wanted by the Iraqis, and probably will not be invited to come.
		Since US troop presence in the Kurdish north is weak, since the US depends heavily on the Kurdish paramilitary, the peshmerga, to provide security in the Kurdish regions, and since the Kurds are the strongest allies the US has in Iraq, it is highly unwise for Washington to alienate them.
		The US has been the most fickle friend imaginable to the Kurds, using them and discarding them on numerous occasions.
	www.juancole.com /2003_10_01_juancole_archive.html (2060 words)

	BBC NEWS World Europe Country profiles Country profile: Turkey
		Turkey became an official EU candidate country in 1999 and, in line with EU requirements, went on to introduce substantial human rights and economic reforms.
		Turkey's airwaves are lively, with some 300 private TV stations and more than 1,000 private radio stations competing with the services of the state broadcaster, TRT.
		Turkey's powerful military - which has traditionally seen itself as the guardian of the secular system - has a long history of involvement in the country's politics.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1022222.stm (938 words)

	Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turkey forms a bridge between Europe and Asia, with the division between the two running from the Black Sea to the north down along the Bosporus strait through the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea and the larger Mediterranean Sea to the south.
		Turkey invaded the island in 1974 in response to an Athens backed coup of the island, Turkey states that it was invoking its role under the Treaty of Guarantee to ensure the independence of the island and protection of its Turkish Cypriot minority.
		The territory of Turkey extends from 36° to 42° N and from 26° to 45° E. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is 1,660 kilometers wide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkey (3606 words)

	AMERICAN KURDISH SOCIETY
		Kurds have played a significant role in the history of this region since its early epochs.
		Article 39 of the Treaty of Lausanne, according to which the citizens of Turkey have the right to freely use their respective languages in all areas of life, was trampled upon, and the Kurdish language was totally forbidden in the educational system and the printed media.
		The Kurds living within the borders of Iraq, or southern Kurdistan, have also been resisting oppression since World War I. They staged uprisings that were led first by Sheik Mahmud Barzenci (1919-1923), then by Sheik Ahmed Barzani and his brother Mustafa Barzani (1933 and later).
	www.americankurdishsociety.org /_wsn/page3.html (3606 words)

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In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)