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Topic: Kuril Islands

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Kuril Islands

Kuril Island conflict

Island arc

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Bonin Islands

Kuril Trench

Treaty of Saint Petersburg

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Sea of Okhotsk

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	Kuril Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́ / Kuril'skie ostrova) or Kurile Islands in Russia's Sakhalin Oblast region, stretch approximately 1,300 km (700 miles) northeast from Hokkaidō, Japan, to Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean.
		The islands were inhabited primarily by the Ainu and were being explored and settled by the Russians and Japanese in the 18th and 19th centuries.
		The islands themselves are summits of stratovolcanoes that rise from the seabed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kurile_Islands (505 words)

	Kuril Islands dispute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under Article 2c), Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Kuril Islands, and to that portion of Sakhalin and the islands adjacent to it over which Japan acquired sovereignty as a consequence of the Treaty of Portsmouth of 5 September 1905.
		The whole of Etorofu shall belong to Japan; and the Kurile Islands, lying to the north of and including Uruppu, shall belong to Russia." Note that Kunashiri, Shikotan and Habomais Islands are not explicitly mentioned in the treaty.
		Kuril Island Society, which is commited to to raise awareness about pristine wildlife sanctuary covering most of the disputed region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kuril_Island_conflict (489 words)

	Kuril Islands
		Offshore is the Kuril Trench, one of the deepest ocean areas in the world, which reaches a depth of 10.5 km/6.5 mi.
		Two of the Kurils (Etorofu and Kunashiri) are claimed by Japan for historical reasons; they are of strategic importance and have mineral deposits.
		The Japanese view is that the islands are illegally occupied by Russia.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0017307.html (271 words)

	Pacific Ocean - Kuril Islands
		Located in the cold waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the Kuril Islands stretch for 1,250 km from the southern tip of Russia Kamchatka Peninsula southwards to the Japanese island of Hokkaido, thus forming a neat boundary between the Sea of Okhotsk (on the west) and the Pacific Ocean (on the east).
		The islands are divided into three sub-groups that are separated by deep (up to 2,000 m) straits: the Northern Kuril Islands (Shumshu to Shiashkotan) are separated from the Central Kuril Islands (Matua to Simushir) by the Krusentern Strait which are, in turn, separated from the Southern Kuril Islands (Chirpoy to Kunashir) by the Boussole Strait.
		The Lesser Kuril Ridge, emerging from and including the Nemuro Peninsula of Hokkaido, extends for around 100 km in length, and is located to the southeast of the southern Kuril island of Kunashir from which it is separated from by the 60 km wide Yuzhnokuril'skiy Strait.
	www.oceandots.com /pacific/kuril (713 words)

	Earthquake and Tsunami of October 4, 1994 IN THE KURIL ISLANDS - Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		Kuril island arc is located between the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido.
		Specifically, the October 4, 1994 earthquake (as the October 12, 1963 earthquake) ocurred at the Pacific side boundary of the Kuril arc (the South Kuril Islands) of the Okhotsk plate.
		The crustal area in the Southern Kuril Islands and Northern Hokkaido, along the northern part of the Japanese Trench, appears to be highly fractured.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami1994RussiaKurils.html (4285 words)

	Case Study
		Soviet forces occupied Shimushu Island in the Kuriles on August 18, and on August 27, moved as far south as Urup Island, which is the southernmost point of the Kurile Islands, and then retreated.
		The second point is that the Soviet inclusion of the southern half of Sakhalin Island, the Kurile Islands, and the Northern Territories into their territory reportedly could not receive recognition by international society.
		Kurile islanders may be the kin of mainland Russians, bound by blood and language, but in a sense, they are also the citizens of a client state, whose wealth is extracted and sent abroad.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/ice/kurile.htm (4016 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Kurile chain belongs to the system of islands arcs that borders the continents of Asia on the East ; it extends from the South of Kamchatka to the islands of Hokkaido (Japan) separating the marginal Sea of Okhotsk from the Pacific Ocean.
		The island of Paramushir is the largest of the North Kurile islands and the second in area, after Iturup, in the whole Kuril chain.
		The island is elongated in the direction of trend of the arc, with a length of about 100 km and an average width of 20 km.
	www.sveurop.org /gb/articles/articles/Kuril.htm (1536 words)

	Kurile (Kuril) Islands
		Lat 46° 10' 0N Long 152° 0' 0E Island chain to the north of Japan.
		Japanese fortified the Kurile Islands, and were the target of American attacks from bases in Alaska, in a strategic effort to tie down Japanese forces in the far north.
		Japanese naval base in the Kurile Island chain, occupied by Russia at end of the war.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /provinces/japan_kurile.html (215 words)

	Tours in Kuril islands. Kuriles-Tour Co. Ltd. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These inaccessible, desert islands don’t frighten off with their geographical isolation, acting volcanoes and the severe cli-mate, they also strengthen desire to get to those foggy, fire - breathing islands — former military fortresses of the Japanese army, hiding many secrets deeply under the ground till now.
		The Kuril islands are a part of the Pacific ring of volcanoes.
		The islands are the peaks of the volcanic range 1 – 2 km high and many kilometers deep under the water.
	www.kuriles-tour.ru /english (378 words)

	Kuril Islands - Iturup
		Iturup (Остров Итуруп) —; known as Etorofu in Japanese — is the largest of the Kuril Islands, being located in the Southern Group of islands between Kunashir (19 km to the southwest across the Ekaterina Strait) and Urup (37 km to the northeast across the Vries Strait).
		The island's elongate shape has arisen by the joining together of 12 separate volcanoes and mountain massifs, separated in the past and joined today by necks and mountainous cols.
		Iturup is one of several islands lying at the southern end of the Kuril Chain that are claimed by Japan.
	www.oceandots.com /pacific/kuril/iturup.htm (315 words)

	Kuril Islands: sea road to the deep north, by Guy-Pierre Chomette
		The islands are so shrouded in mist one might forget they were there, were they not the subject of endless disputes between Russia and Japan (1).
		The Russians of the Kurils were once the darlings of the Soviet authorities as pioneers on inhospitable but strategic islands (barring the way to the Okhotsk Sea and thereby protecting Russia’s Siberian coast).
		Then the Russians allowed former Japanese residents of the Kurils to visit the islands once or twice a year, for one day only, to put flowers on their family graves." It gradually became a custom and when, in 1991, the two countries decided to open the strait further, contacts were quickly made.
	mondediplo.com /2001/09/06kuril (3034 words)

	The Russian Kuril Islands Expedition - Puffins!
		The Kuril Islands follow the edge of the Pacific "Ring of Fire", so these islands are all volcanic.
		The Kuril Islands have been made by underwater volcanoes that have grown taller and taller until the tops of the volcanoes stuck out of the water.
		The fish that are caught in the Kuril Islands are sold all throughout Russia.
	www.theoceanadventure.com /KIIE/KI4.html (953 words)

	Military Thought: Kuril Islands and Russia's security
		The South Kurils, to which Japan lays claim, constitute nearly one-half of the most densely populated territory of the Kuril Islands (5,036 sq km out of a total of 10,600 sq km).
		The islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge (Shikotan and Habomai) are a kind of "forward position" for the southern part of the Greater Kuril Ridge.
		A loss of the South Kurils would considerably reduce the combat stability of the strategic component of the Pacific Fleet in the Sea of Okhotsk, since it would be open to the penetration of enemy antisubmarine forces in case of an emergency.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JAP/is_3_11/ai_94329301 (1310 words)

	SAKHALIN.RU: Sakhalin and the Kuriles. History
		On January 2, 1947, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were included as parts of the Sakhalin Region, and the Region was simultaneously designated as a separate territory of the Russian Federation.
		The southern cape of Urup is declared the extreme possession of the Russian Empire on the Kuril Islands.
		Autumn 1918 — the authority of the administration of Admiral A. Kolchak is extended to the island.
	www.sakhalin.ru /Engl/Region/history.htm (2010 words)

	Asia Times Online - The trusted news source for information on Japan
		The four major islands are believed to be rich in natural resources, such as oil and gas, and the area is a major fishing grounds.
		Also, the Soviet inclusion of the southern half of Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and the Northern Territories into their territory could not be recognized by the international community (in San Francisco, for the treaty signing).
		It aimed to barter those Russian-held islands for Japan's huge economic assistance, in a bid to persuade the Russian government and local governments in both Sakhalin and the Southern Kuril islands, which have needs often exceeding the Russian central government's financial means (such as payment suspension of old-age pension), to release control of the islands.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/FK25Dh01.html (1677 words)

	Kuril Islands reveal tourist potential (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The four southernmost islands in the Kuril chain were seized by the Soviet Union during the closing days of World War II, and since then Japan has tried to regain the islands of Kunashir, Iturup, Shikotan, and the Habomai islet group, referred to as the Northern Territories.
		Accounts of Japanese tourists being robbed on the islands are common and former Japanese residents of the Kurils have often been greeted by hostile Cossacks when they have visited the Kurils under the visa-free program, the Sakhalin times reports.
		So it seems that proper exploitation of the islands’ tourist potential would be an ideal way to raise a modern lifestyle and updated facilities on the islands.
	bus.fareast.ru /eng/news/5 (452 words)

	Kuril Islands
		The island is also characteristic for the remarkable phenomenon: high-temperature ore formation near the fumarole mouths with the temperature up to 920oC (the Kudriavy volcano).
		Mineral and thermal springs are found throughout the island, with varying temperatures and mineral and gas compositions.
		The major part of the island is covered by Quaternary deposits, mostly of volcanic origin, aged less than 1 mln years.
	www.ecotours.ru /english/tours/scien1.htm?&print=yes (1324 words)

	Kuril Islands
		Atlasova volcano (7,674 ft/2,339 m) on Atlasova Island is the highest point of the chain.
		ceded the islands to the USSR, and Soviet forces occupied the chain in Sept., 1945.
		Japan challenged the Soviet right to the Kuriles, and demanded the return of the four southernmost islands.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0828386.html (268 words)

	Kuril Islands -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The 56 islands cover 6,000 sq mi (15,600 sq km) and together with Sakhalin Island form an administrative region (pop., 2001 est.: 591,000) of Russia.
		The Kurils were originally settled by the Russians in the 17th–18th centuries.
		The term is commonly accepted as including all of those islands in the Pacific that are collectively referred to as Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, also sometimes known as Oceania.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9369511 (797 words)

	Spider Collector's Journal: Kuril Islands 1997
		There are 32 "major" islands in the group, of which the IKIP crew had landed on 27 to date.
		The 13th, our first on the east side of the island, was only a half day, for that evening we had to go pick up that Korean TV crew, who had been out of our hair for several days, looking for bears.
		Supposedly we were the first scientists of any kind to visit this island, which yielded 171 specimens of 11 arachnid species, mainly from the base and lower 50 feet of cliffs and steep slopes.
	crawford.tardigrade.net /journal/Journal08.html (4875 words)

	USA to help Japan take Kuril Islands away from Russia - PRAVDA.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The problem of the Kuril Islands has surfaced again in Washington, although it might seem at first sight that the USA has nothing in common with the island dispute.
		Furthermore, Directive 677 of 29 January 1946 said that the command of the US occupation troops excluded all Kuril Islands, including the four islands of the current dispute, from the jurisdiction of the Japanese government.
		It is noteworthy that the above-mentioned four islands were a part of the Hokkaido Island prefecture before and during WWII – they had nothing in common with the Kuril Islands.
	english.pravda.ru /printed.html?news_id=14721 (502 words)

	JRL 3-19-02 - Russia, Japan, Kuril Islands
		The statement included a clause in which Moscow pledged to hand over two of four southern Kuril islands seized by Soviet troops at the end of the war, Shikotan and Habomai, once a formal peace treaty was concluded.
		The Kurils issue has continued to bedevil Russo-Japanese relations, acting as a brake on badly needed Japanese investment in the Russian economy, notably in the Far Eastern region.
		There has been growing speculation in Russia that the government is engaged in behind-the-scenes negotiations to return two of the islands while continuing talks about the other two in line with a proposal by Tokyo last month that the sides should adopt a "two-plus-two" approach.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6142-8.cfm (502 words)

	Skiing the Pacific Ring of Fire and Beyond: Kamchatka & Kuril Islands
		The Kuril Island chain stretches for over 700 miles (1100 km) from the southern tip of Kamchatka to the northeast corner of Hokkaido in Japan, forming a perfect example of island arc volcanism.
		There are about twenty major islands, all of which are the summits of stratovolcanoes which rise from the sea bed starting at depths of about 10000 ft (3000 m).
		Only a few of the Kurils are inhabited, and access is quite difficult to all except the southernmost island, Kunashir (home to the strikingly beautiful somma-volcano of Tyatya).
	www.skimountaineer.com /ROF/Region.php?region=Kamchatka (688 words)

	Steller Sea Lion Survey on Kuril and Iony Islands, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A total of 4,897 Steller sea lions age 1+ years old and 1,896 pups were counted on all rookeries in the Kuril Islands; 1,509 non-pups and 952 pups were counted on Iony Island, and 119 non-pups were counted along the southeastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
		However, the major breeding areas are located on the Kuril Islands (Figure 1 above), where up to 50 percent or more of the total number of pups are born every year.
		The first reported abundance estimates of Steller sea lions at the Kuril Islands were made by visual assessment from a captain of a hunting schooner, (Snow 1902) According to him, at the end of the nineteenth century the Steller sea lion population in the Kuril Islands was about 100,000 animals.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /quarterly/ond2001/feature.htm (864 words)

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