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Topic: Kuroshio

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	OOPC3_a12
		Thus the Kuroshio large meander, the Kuroshio volume transport, and the heat release from the ocean around the Kuroshio are correlated to each other in terms of decadal time scales of about 20 years, according to the data analyzed so far.
		Accordingly, the Aleutian Low and the Westerlies are strong during the large meander and large volume transport of the Kuroshio and during large heat release from the Kuroshio to the atmosphere.
		However, the high correlation of the NPI with the heat release from the Kuroshio suggests that the variations of NPI with periods of about 20 years and the PNA-like pattern are due to latent and sensible heat fluxes in the Kuroshio region.
	ioc.unesco.org /goos/OOPC3/OOPC3_a12.htm (890 words)

	Kn-Kz
		The Kuroshio velocity usually decreases after its formation and remains small throughout the period of propagation of the small meander and for several months after the formation of the large meander.
		The Kuroshio Current is part of the overall wind-driven subtropical gyre circulation cell that exists in the North Pacific Ocean.
		The Kuroshio Extension is part of the overall wind-driven subtropical gyre circulation cell that exists in the North Pacific Ocean.
	stommel.tamu.edu /~baum/paleo/ocean/node21.html (2066 words)

	World's Biggest Aquarium Window Draws Crowds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Kuroshio no Umi window is also the world's largest acrylic panel, according to the British-based authority on record-breaking achievements across the globe.
		Kuroshio no Umi recreates the environment of the Kuroshio (fl current) around Okinawa.
		The Kuroshio no Umi tank is 35 meters long, 27 meters wide and 10 meters deep.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/sharks/InNews/aquarium2003.htm (239 words)

	Mass, heat and salt transports in the western North Pacific
		The throughflow transport of the Kuroshio is calculated as the difference of transport between the eastward flowing Kuroshio and this westward flowing Kuroshio recirculation.
		The transport of the Kuroshio recirculation is estimated in a similar way using altimeter data and the relationship between the transport and SSDT difference obtained for the Kuroshio recirculation region; here the transport is estimated between the offshore edge of the Kuroshio and 26°N latitude.
		The seasonal signal of the Kuroshio throughflow transport is estimated from this seven-year record and is shown in figure 3 [Uchida and Imawaki, 2001].
	sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov /science/invest-imawaki.html (1482 words)

	On the eddy-Kuroshio interaction: Meander formation process
		The Kuroshio flows along the southern coast of Japan during its non-large-meandering state, then separates from the coast near the Kii Peninsula and attaches at the north of the Izu Ridge.
		During the growth of the meander, the necessary barotropic kinetic energy is produced through the shallowing of the thermocline of the anticyclonic eddy as it elongates and splits.
		This study provides evidence for the active role of the anticyclonic eddy in causing the variability of the Kuroshio path and suggests a mechanism of rapid discharge/recharge of the available potential energy of the eddy and production/release of high PV inshore Kuroshio to cause the short-term Kuroshio meander.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JC001583.shtml (484 words)

	Kuroshio Current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kuroshio Current (Japanese 黒潮) is the world's second-largest (after the Gulf Stream) ocean current found in the western Pacific Ocean off the east coast of Taiwan and flowing northeastward past Japan, where it merges with the easterly drift of the North Pacific Current.
		It is analogous to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region.
		The warm waters of the Kuroshio Current sustain the coral reefs of Japan, the northernmost coral reefs in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kuroshio_Current (205 words)

	SITE 1202: KUROSHIO CURRENT
		As the Kuroshio Current passes between the eastern side of the island of Taiwan and the southernmost part of the Ryukyu Island arc, it is deflected upward when it approaches the Ilan Ridge and then flows northeastward in the Okinawa Trough (Ono et al., 1987; Chen et al., 1992) (Fig.
		Consequently, the Kuroshio Current may have been located on the trench side of the Ryukyu arc until ~7.5 ka during the Holocene (Ujiie et al., 1991; Ahagon et al., 1993; Shieh and Chen, 1995).
		For example, the Kuroshio Current passes over the Ryukyu arc and into the Okinawa Trough before turning northeast and continuing toward Japan, but changes in sea level associated with glacial-interglacial cycles could well redirect the Kuroshio Current outside the arc and isolate the Okinawa Trough on a cyclic basis.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/195_IR/chap_01/c1_4.htm (2875 words)

	IUGG 2003 Scientific Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Specifically, the weakening trend in the mean Kuroshio Extension jet in 1993--96 was caused by westward expansions of negative SSH anomalies south of the Kuroshio Extension and positive SSH anomalies north of the Kuroshio Extension.
		Emergence of oppositely-signed SSH anomalies on the two sides of the Kuroshio Extension jet is due to the latitude-dependent speeds of the baroclinic Rossby waves, which carry wind-induced SSH anomalies that are generated in the eastern North Pacific at different phases of the PDOs.
		With the geographic locations of the Kuroshio Extension and the atmospheric wind forcing, the maximum modulation of the Kuroshio Extension jet is found to occur when the surface forcing in the eastern Nrth Pacific has a period of about 10 yrs.
	www.olympus.net /IAPSO/abstracts03/P01/05/017668-1.html (353 words)

	Kuroshio / PCM-1 Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a cooperative effort between the US and the Republic of China, moored observations of Kuroshio current structure and transport variability were made across the channel between northeast Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands at 24 deg N between September 1994 and May 1996 (Fig.
		The moored estimate of the Kuroshio mean transport is 21.7 Sverdrup with a standard deviation of 2 Sv.
		Zantopp, C.T. Liu and Y. Yang, 2000: The Kuroshio east of Taiwan: Moored transport observations from the WOCE PCM-1 array.
	www.rsmas.miami.edu /personal/hpeters/OTECH/Kuroshio.html (297 words)

	Kuroshio Surface Geostrophic Heat Transport
		The Kuroshio, with a surface flow speed of 1 2 m/s and a heat transport exceeding 10(exp 15)W, is the most powerful current in the North Pacific.
		On abutting the southward-flowing Oyashio cold current, it separates from the southern coast of Japan at 140°E and 35°N to become the eastward-flowing Kuroshio Extension.
		However, among the important remaining questions are the magnitude and seasonal change in the Kuroshio's heat transport.
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /eoq/eoq52/kim52.htm (242 words)

	AMS Glossary
		It runs at a distance of approximately 700 km from the coast as the eastern branch of a large whirl on the right-hand side of the Kuroshio.
		It forms a marked temperature and salinity front with the Oyashio, which meets the Kuroshio Extension from the north and then flows parallel to it.
		The current's path in the extension is characterized by large meridional excursions in the so-called First and Second Crest at 145° and 152°E. On approaching the Shatsky Rise at 157°E, the Kuroshio Extension divides into several paths that tend to recombine before the Emperor Seamounts near 170°E cause the current to split again and disintegrate.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/browse?s=k&p=13 (504 words)

	Module 2: Major Boundary Currents
		The research settings for this module are the Kuroshio, Benguela, Agulhas, California, Peru, and Brazil -Malvinas current systems.These regions are in both the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
		The Kuroshio Current (also known as the Japan Current) is a northward flowing branch of the North Equatorial Current in the Pacific Ocean.
		Kuroshio Current: The Kuroshio Current is unique, because it terminates essentially in the center of the north Pacific Ocean.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /oceancolor/tutorials/module2.shtml (1323 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE of Professor Bo Qiu
		Kuroshio Extension variability and forcing of the Pacific decadal oscillations: Responses and potential feedback.
		Scott, R.B., and B. Qiu,, 2003: Predictability of SST in a stochastic climate model and its application to the Kuroshio Extension region.
		Qiu, B., and W. Miao, 2000: Kuroshio path variations south of Japan: Bimodality as a self-sustained internal oscillation.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /users/bo/index.html (806 words)

	Uchida et al.: Top (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kuroshio transport south of Japan estimated from in situ oceanographic data and satellite altimeter data
		The velocity field of the Kuroshio is determined by geostrophic calculation using the repeated hydrographic survey data, referenced to velocities observed at mid and abyssal depths.
		Seasonal signal of the Kuroshio transport, excluding contributions by local recirculations, is found to be small compared with that of the Sverdrup transport at mid-latitudes of the North Pacific.
	po.gso.uri.edu /wbc/uchida (146 words)

	Harley Hurlburt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This means that part of the flow from the Kuroshio must pass north of the Kuroshio Extension and connect with the Oyashio and subarctic front.
		These abyssal currents then strongly influence the pathway for subtropical gyre flow north of the Kuroshio Extension and steer the mean meanders in the Kuroshio south and east of Japan (Hurlburt et al., 1996; JGR-O).
		It is also required to simulate the bifurcation of the Kuroshio near the Shatsky Rise, which again is associated with upper ocean - topographic coupling via baroclinic instability.
	sam.ucsd.edu /WOCE/Workshop/Abstracts/hurlburt.html (541 words)

	Large-Scale Variability in the Midlatitude Subtropical and Subpolar North Pacific Ocean: Observations and Causes
		The Kuroshio Extension weakened gradually from late 1992 to 1995-1996 and reversed the weakening trend after 1997.
		These interannual changes of the Kuroshio Extension are found to reflect the oscillation between the Kuroshio Extension's elongated mode and its contracted mode.
		In the elongated mode, the Kuroshio Extension has a larger eastward surface transport, a more northerly axis position, and is associated with a more intense southern recirculation gyre.
	sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov /science/invest-qiu.html (769 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ADAMEC, D. Modulation of the seasonal signal of the Kuroshio Extension during 1994 from satellite data.
		TANG, T.Y., TAI, J.H., AND YANG, Y.J. The flow pattern north of Taiwan and the migration of the Kuroshio.
		YUAN, Y., A. The Kuroshio east of Taiwan in the East China Sea and the currents east of Ryukyu Islands during early summer of 1996 1998 J.
	www.nodc.noaa.gov /woce_V2/disk01/biblio/pac_pub.txt (12952 words)

	Steven Jayne's Homepage \| Projects \| KESS
		The Kuroshio Extension forms a vigorously meandering boundary between the warm subtropical and cold northern waters of the Pacific.
		Understanding the processes that govern the variability of and the interaction between the Kuroshio Extension and the recirculation gyre is the goal of this study.
		The Kuroshio Extension system is the right place to test hypotheses formulated from previous observational and modeling studies because of its distinct stratification, bathymetry, and thermohaline circulation.
	www.whoi.edu /science/PO/people/sjayne/projects_kess.html (524 words)

	Copepod diversity and composition as indicators of intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch Current into the northern Taiwan ...
		Copepod diversity and composition as indicators of the intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch Current into the northern Taiwan Strait in spring 2000.
		The Kuroshio Branch Current was characterized by high temperature and salinity in contrast to the low temperature and salinity of the China Coastal Current.
		Species richness and diversity were higher in the area affected by the Kuroshio Branch Current than that affected by the China Coastal Current.
	repositories.cdlib.org /postprints/312 (325 words)

	LME 49: Kuroshio Current
		The Kuroshio Current Large Marine Ecosystem extends from the Philippines to the Japanese archipelago.
		Possible role of the Kuroshio Current in determining distribution of saury in the Northwestern Pacific.
		Saiki, M. Relation between the geostrophic flux of the Kuroshio in the Eastern China Sea and its large meander in the south of Japan.
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov /lme/text/lme49.htm (1330 words)

	IUGG 2003 Scientific Program
		Subsurface warming of the Kuroshio occurs by about 0.5°C as well as freshening and the both effects lead to high dynamic height south of the axis of the Kuroshio.
		In the regions south and east of Japan, the annual precipitation amount in the past a few years was as large as normal, while the subsurface water masses which originate in the areas were freshened.
		It is strongly suggested that this large precipitation contributed to the freshening of the Kuroshio and NEC subsurface waters and furthermore to the subduction processes of the surface water masses.
	www.olympus.net /IAPSO/abstracts03/P01/06/019408-1.html (465 words)

	URI oceanographers awarded $3.7 million to study the Kuroshio Extension
		The warm, northward-flowing waters of the Kuroshio western boundary current leave the Japanese coast to flow eastward into the North Pacific as a free jet called the Kuroshio Extension.
		It is also a region where one of the most intense air-sea heat exchanges takes place on the globe, where the warm Kuroshio waters encounter the cold dry air masses coming from the Asian continent.
		The focus of their study will be to observe and characterize the dynamical and thermodynamical processes that control the Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre, the large oval current system to the south of the Extension that interacts with the Kuroshio Extension.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-02/uori-uoa021903.php (423 words)

	[No title]
		The Kuroshio plays a very important role in both local and global climate change.
		The assimilation of SST data decreases the error induced by the heat flux error at the sea surface.
		The model temperature profiles of the Kuroshio region are compared with some in-situ data and their discrepancies are also analyzed in this study.
	earth.esa.int /cgi-bin/confdr.pl?abstract=142 (149 words)

	San Jose Libraries /All Locations
		Symposium on the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions (1968 : East-West Center)
		Papers presented at a symposium on the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions held April 29-May 2, 1968 at the East-West Center, University of Hawaii.
		Marr, John C. Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions.
	mill1.sjlibrary.org:90 /record=b1481282 (61 words)

	LME 49: Kuroshio Current (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Kuroshio (Black Current) is a warm (average sea surface temperature, 24°C) current flowing in a northeasterly direction along Japan’s east coast.
		There are indications that these eddies contribute to the retention and subsequent survival of sardine larvae transported by the Kuroshio Current.
		It is usually most abundant in the eddy area of the Kuroshio’s edge.
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov.cob-web.org:8888 /lme/text/lme49.htm (1330 words)

	KUROSHIO FRONT AND OCEANIC PHENOMENA NEAR TAIWAN ON ERS SAR IMAGES
		The reduced values of the NRCS (dark bands) were often associated with increased concentration of slicks aligned along frontal boundaries.
		The interaction of the Kuroshio and tidal currents with the shelf break resulted also in generation of upwelling northeast of Taiwan and packets of rank-ordered internal waves propagating both offshore and onshore.
		High capture rate of the upwelling and internal waves by SAR denotes that these phenomena are common for the southern East China Sea.
	earth.esa.int /symposia/ers97/papers/hsu3 (309 words)

	Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) - Overview
		It is one of the largest sinks of carbon in the North Pacific, has the characteristic maxima lobes of latent, sensible, and net surface heat loss, and is co-located with the Pacific storm track.
		The Kuroshio Extension (KE) current carries warm water at nearly 140 million cubic meters per second (140 Sv) eastward into the North Pacific.
		The Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) mooring carries a suite of meteorological sensors to measure winds, air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and solar and longwave radiation.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /keo/overview.html (570 words)

	CORIOLIS FORCE OCEAN CURRENTS
		, and the Kuroshio in the North Pacific.
		Ocean Passages of the World (published by the Hydrographic Department of the British Admiralty, 1950) lists 14 currents that exceed 3 knots (3.45 mph), a few of which are in the open ocean.
		and the Kuroshio are the only two currents that the book lists that have velocities above 3 knots that flow throughout the year.
	wdstudio.net /gulfstreamturbine/force.htm (2032 words)

	LME 51: Oyashio Current LME
		For a representation of the Oyashio Current and the warm water rings detached from the Kuroshio Current in the summer, see Minoda, 1989, p.
		Part I. Relation between the patterns of the Kuroshio and the Oyashio.
		Fluctuation in the Japanese sardine population with relation to the sea surface temperature in the Kuroshio Extension, in Ecosystem Dynamics of the Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Region.
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov /lme/text/lme51.htm (1319 words)

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