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Topic: Kurukh language

In the News (Mon 6 Jul 09)

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	BANGLAPEDIA: Tribal Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The alphabets of the Chakma language are similar to the alphabets of Thailand's Ksmer, Annam Laos, Cambodia, Syam and South Burma.
		Garo language the Garo language is, undoubtedly, an unwritten language, albeit an ancient Aryan language.
		Kurukh resembles the contemporary Munda language in vocabulary and syntax.
	banglapedia.org /HT/T_0222.HTM (3333 words)

	Dravidian Languages - ninemsn Encarta
		Thus the Dravidian family constitutes one of the most populous language families in India, as does the Indo-Aryan (a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages).
		Since some of the minor Dravidian languages are spoken in the far north-east and north-west of India, linguists have reason to suppose that this family formerly covered a much greater area than it does today.
		As a written language of learning, Sanskrit seems to have exerted strong influence even on the earliest known Dravidian language, and in the modern Malayalam, Kannada, and Telugu languages, Sanskrit loanwords retain the four distinctions between stop consonants that are characteristic of Indo-Aryan but not of Dravidian.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781534918/Dravidian_Languages.html (375 words)

	Language in India
		For the same language, both acquiring the status of a Scheduled language in the country and demanding the status of a minority language in a state, are considered important by the linguistic agenda of speakers of different languages.
		One of the important and well-argued phenomenon of super-ordinate and subordinate relations among the languages is the of spread of super-ordinate languages among the speakers of subordinate languages.
		Regional languages as languages of integration: In the course of 50 years or so, Hindi, English at one level and at another level the regional languages have grown as lingua franca of the concerned state and become languages of wider communication.
	www.languageinindia.com /aug2004/dlamallikarjun1.html (3200 words)

	World congress on language policies
		In the context of post-colonial projections of culture and language development, it is significant to note the role of present demographer is not very different from that of the colonial times, in manipulating (often camouflaging) speech claims by redefining languages, as attempted in tabulating the data enumerated in 1971 Language Census.
		Language information in the census can serve as a useful tool for the study of sociology of communication in general, broadening the scope of population studies as a subject of social ecology.
		Language planning experts in developing countries have, by and large, been active in international, political and academic forums, and have not focused attention on the 'nitty-gritty' grassroots issues of plurilingual societies and oral cultures in an anthropological sense.
	www.linguapax.org /congres/plenaries/kutchandani.html (3068 words)

	Language in India
		For, each language, for which the population figure is given in the table below, includes also some other languages, or dialects that are not explicitly presented in the table.
		Presented below is an alphabetical abstract of languages and the mother tongues with strength of 10, 000 and above at the all India level, included under each language.
		There are a total of 114 languages and 216 mother tongues, 18 scheduled languages and 96 not specified in the schedule.
	www.languageinindia.com /nov2001/1991Languages.html (216 words)

	Dravidian Language Family
		At present, speakers of the Dravidian languages are concentrated in the southern portion of India, while speakers of the Indo-Aryan language predominate in the northern portion of the country.
		All four languages are characterized by a dichotomy between the standardized, formal language and colloquial speech.
		Dravidian languages are written with syllabic alphabets in which all consonants have an inherent vowel.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/april/DravidianLanguageFamily.htm (705 words)

	Britannica Article on Dravidian
		Dravidian languages are spoken in India (mainly in its southern, eastern, and central parts), in Sri Lanka (Ceylon), and in diaspora communities in S.E. Asia, Pacific Islands, eastern Africa, and elsewhere.
		It is possible that Proto-Brahui was the first language to split off from Proto-Dravidian, probably during the immigration movement into India sometime in the 4th millennium BC, and that the next subgroup to split off was Proto-Kurukh-Malto, sometime in the 3rd millennium BC (see the family tree diagrams,Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3).
		All of these languages are used in teaching basic courses in science and the arts; and new technological terminology is coined, sometimes based either on English or Sanskrit models, but often on exclusively indigenous linguistic material (in Tamil).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/sars238/shortencybrit.html (3071 words)

	Dying Languages; Ormuri
		There are fewer than 300 languages with more than one million native users; half of all languages have fewer than 10,000 users and a quarter of the worlds spoken languages and most of the sign languages have less than 1,000 users.
		The language according to Carla is spoken by pockets of people living in the northern ends of several valleys in the Northern Areas and across the borders in the mountainous Pamir regions of China, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.
		Their language is known as Ormuri although the words Baraki, Bargista, Barakey have also been used for the language by the historians and linguists in the past.
	www.khyber.org /publications/016-020/ormuri.shtml (6275 words)

	Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These were Saurseni, Magadhi and Maharashtri.The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 26 languages that are mainly spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka with significant areas in Pakistan (Brahui), Nepal(Kurukh) and eastern (Kurukh, Malto) and central (Gondi) India.
		Dravidian languages are spoken by more than 200 million people, and they appear to be unrelated to languages of other known families.
		English is the one of the principal and official languages of India.
	www.bath.ac.uk /~nl210/languages.htm (378 words)

	[No title]
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
	www.fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm (11791 words)

	Kamat's Potpourri: The Languages of India
		Kannada -- A prominent Dravidian language spoken in the province of Karnataka.
		Kutchi -- A language spoken in the Kutch region of Gujarat.
		Tulu -- A spoken language prominently spoken in Dakshina Kannada and Udupidistricts on the west-coast.
	www.kamat.com /indica/diversity/languages.htm (991 words)

	Languages of India
		Dravidian languages form a group by themselves, and unlike the Aryan, Austric or Sino-Tibetan speeches, have no relation outside the Indian subcontinent, that is, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
		The northern branch comprising Brahui spoken in Baluchistan and Kurukh and Malto spoken in Bengal and Orissa.
		Tamil, the state language of Tamil Nadu, apparently the oldest and the purest branch of the Dravidian family.
	www.indiansaga.com /languages/dravidian_lang.html (323 words)

	File: <dravid
		It is likely that their Saharan language was the only highly developed language in the entire world at that time, the product of a marvelous oral educational tradition.
		As Lahovary noted: "One of the most common linguistic phenomena is the ease with which a new language can impose itself on vast masses, even if spoken only by a relatively small minority, should this minority have political power or the prestige of a superior civilization" (p371).
		Saharan language in distant parts of the world shows that their language took hold wherever they settled.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/nyland/dravid0.htm (1631 words)

	C I I L
		The paper focuses on how Kurukh, a language belonging to North-Dravidian Family, has changed with the influence of Hindi and Sadri, belonging to Indo-Aryan Family.
		In this paper he discusses the degree of interference of co-existing dominant languages on Kurukh and Aryanization of this language due to language contact at the level of lexicon, phonology, morphology and syntax.
		Describing the Phonological changes of the language he presents examples from aspirations, nasalized vowels, and initial alveolar and retroflex consonants.
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/MBE_Programme/session7/akmishra.htm (360 words)

	Encyclopædia Britannica Article on Dravidian languages
		The Dravidian languages are spoken in the Republic of India (mainly in its southern, eastern, and central parts), in Sri Lanka (Ceylon), and by settlers in areas of Southeastern Asia, southern and eastern Africa, and elsewhere.
		Of the Dravidian languages, Tamil has the greatest geographical extension and the richest and most ancient literature, which is paralleled in India only by that of Sanskrit.
		The Dravidian languages have remained an isolated family to the present day and have defied all of the attempts to show a connection with the Indo-European tongues, Mitanni, Basque, Sumerian, or Korean.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/sars238/encybrit.html (3062 words)

	eCENSUSIndia : Census of India Newsletter : Issue 11 : Page 4
		Out of this, 807,441,612 (or 96.29%), have one of the scheduled languages as their mother tongue and the remaining 31,142,376 (or 3.71%) is accounted for by other languages.
		Persons who returned the language as their mother tongue as well as their percentage to total population are shown against each language.
		The percentage of speakers of each language has been worked out on the total population of India including the projected population in Jammu and Kashmir where the 1991 Census was not conducted due to disturbed conditions.
	www.censusindia.net /results/eci11_page4.html (637 words)

	Nostratic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nostratic languages are a hypothetical language superfamily to which, some linguists think, a large number of language families of Europe, Asia, and Africa may belong – that is, they think all those language families have descended from a common ancestor, the so-called Proto-Nostratic language.
		He proposed that the languages in question must have stemmed from one language at some time in the past, and that they diverged from one another due to geographical separation and the passage of time.
		The idea of a "root language" thus took hold, a concept to which the evolution of the Romance languages from Latin offered itself as a clear parallel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nostratic_language (3698 words)

	Languages : Dravidian Family
		North India is dominated by languages of the Indo-European Family.
		These constants give Indian languages their distinctive sound and are formed with the tongue rolled up to the top of the mouth.
		The languages once covered all of the Indian sub-continent and originated in the Indus Valley (modern Pakistan).
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_dravidian.html (153 words)

	Theories of Language Origin - THE ORIGIN OF SUMERIAN. Victoria March 1999. - Athenaeum Library of Philosophy
		The old, highly evolved, language of the Sahara was considered too closely associated with the Goddess society and had to be changed, as is clearly shown in the creation of new languages such as Sumerian and Akkadian.
		The fact that the very early Saharan language is still spoken in almost the same condition by the Basque people must have a very special reason behind it, possibly something to do with the incredibly accurate oral transmission of the legends and literature, which required a very high standard of education.
		In the spoken language we find thousands of examples of words related to Basque, such as kut (in Malto) meaning "to burn", kutu (in Tamil) meaning "to be hot, to heat up", while kutxer (in Basque) means "frying pan" in which xer or xerra means "small steak" (in Basque the "x" is pronounced as "sh").
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /ling_sumerian.htm (6298 words)

	Oraon
		Halm was of opinion that the word kurukh might be identified with the Kolarian horo, 'man', and explained the term Oraon as the totem of one of the septs into which the Kurukhs were divided.
		Grierson states, Kurukh may be connected with Tamil kurugu, an eagle, and be the name of a totemistic clan.
		The latter were the ancestors of the Oraons or Kurukhs, while the former were the progenitors of the Male or Saonria, as they often call themselves." Towards Lohardaga the Oraons found themselves among the Mundas or Kols, who probably retired by degrees and left them in possession of the country.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bguizzi/bangladesh/adibasi/oraonengl.htm (6019 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		West Iranian language spoken in Kurdistan; it ranks as the third largest Iranian language group, after Persian and Pashto, and has numerous dialects.
		It is situated 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Kandy amid steep hills that were used as citadels during its...
		Their language is of uncertain classification, some authorities placing it in...
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/k/k29.html (1668 words)

	Nagari Languages
		Main languages of India are Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bodo, Chhattisgarhi, Dogri, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
		Hindi is the official language of India and referred as 'Raj-Bhasha' (language of the state).
		Though the languages of the 4th category uses Nagari as second script but a lot of words of the these languages are similar to Hindi!
	www.softfonts.com /languages.html (511 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:kru
		Patterns in clause, sentence, and discourse in selected languages of India and Nepal 1: Sentence and discourse.
		Patterns in clause, sentence, and discourse in selected languages of India and Nepal 2: Clause.
		Patterns in clause, sentence, and discourse in selected languages of India and Nepal 3: Texts.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=kru (155 words)

	National Geographic MapMachine: Student Atlas - Tamil Language Photos, Map
		Tamil is the language of the Tamil people, most of whom live in India's Tamil Nadu state and Sri Lanka.
		The term "Dravidian" comes from a Sanskrit word meaning "south." The most important Dravidian languages are Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Gondi, Kurukh, and Tulu.
		Except for classical Sanskrit (an Indo-European ancestor of the Hindi language), Tamil is the oldest written language in India.
	java.nationalgeographic.com /studentatlas/clickup/tamil.html (235 words)

	[No title]
		Textbooks for Class 11 in Santhali, Mundari, Kuruka, Kharia and Ho languages were developed in Devanagri script for the Bihar State.
		Drafts of the two primers for Warli and Rathwa tribes of Gujarat were developed in Warli and Rathwa languages through Gujarati-script.
		The analytical study of teaching-learning material of elementary stage from the standpoint of material prejudicial for SCs, STs and minorities continued.
	www.education.nic.in /cd50years/f/93/HP/93HP0801.htm (367 words)

	kurukh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kurukh a member of the North Dravidian subfamily of Dravidian languages, spoken by some 1.8 million people of the Oraon tribes of the Chota Nagpur plateau of east-central India.
		It is also spoken in parts of Bangladesh.
		Lacking a written tradition, Kurukh is documented only since the European colonization of India, and in many areas it is being displaced by the Hindi language.
	www.tribalzone.net /language/kurukh.htm (159 words)

	English Edition, provided by the KurukhWorld.
		* Earliest people of India * Kurukh language is the bone, power and identity of Kurukhs * Tell your friend about this website.
		Kurukh Women are busy with farming in their field
		Step motherly treatment of Kurukh language by educated kurukh people
	www.kurukhworld.bravehost.com /eng.htm (108 words)

	The Telegraph - Jharkhand
		Twenty leprosy patients will be provided free treatment at Raj Hospital and people suffering from tuberculosis will be given medicines with support from the WHO.
		The first teacher to teach school students “Kurukh”, the language of Oraon, would be appointed on Monday at St John's School, Ranchi.
		The appointment letter would be given by Sudarshan Bhagat at a function to be held tomorrow afternoon.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1020930/asp/jharkhand/story_1246379.asp (333 words)

	List of Languages
		To proceed with your search, select a language.
		You may also specify the type of material and/or the level of instruction you are seeking.
		This database is provided in collaboration with the Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, DC.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /lmd/cals.htm (77 words)

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