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Topic: Kurultai

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	KURULTAI AND FORUM ON THE SUBJECT OF AKSY BLOODSHED IN KYRGYZSTAN - Ferghana.Ru Information agency, Moscow
		The idea to initiate a Kurultai (People's Congress) was announced right after six people were shot and dozens injured on March 17-18 in the Aksy district of the Jalal-Abad region., and included the presentation of the findings of the independent commission on the investigation of the bloodshed.
		Organizers of the Kurultai were not certain where it would take place until late at night on the day before the actual event because the two biggest halls in Bishkek – Philarmonia and the Palace of Sport - refused to allow them use their space.
		The Kurultai was covered in the mass media as another opposition meeting of individuals who suffer from megalomania, while the Forum was praised for its peaceful dialogue and involving prominent scientists, writers and politicians.
	enews.ferghana.ru /article.php?id=40 (1034 words)

	Calls for Second Revolution in Kyrgyzstan
		A national “kurultai”, or assembly, the latest in a series of such opposition forums in recent years, convened in the capital Bishkek on December 24.
		This kurultai was only the latest in a series of such assemblies held to channel opposition with the authorities in recent years.
		Anara Ismailova, a kurultai delegate from the southern Jalalabad region, spoke for many when she said, “Akaev’s head has gone, but the body, arms and legs remain in power.
	www.iwpr.net /?p=rca&s=f&o=258921&apc_state=henh (1168 words)

	Kurultai Information
		Kurultai (Tatar: Qorıltay, Azerbaijani: Qurultay; Kurulmak meaning "to assemble" in Turkish, also Khural meaning "meeting" in Mongolian) is a political and military council of ancient Mongol chiefs and khans.
		Khuriltai were imperial and tribal assemblies convened to determine, strategize and analyze military campaigns and assign individuals to leadership positions and titles.
		Most of the major military campaigns were first planned out at assemblies such as this and there were minor and less significant Kurultais under the Mongol Empire under political subordinate leaders and generals.
	www.bookrags.com /Kuriltai (226 words)

	Pravda.RU:World forum of Bashkirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Chairman of the organising committee for the preparation and holding of the kurultai prime minister of Bashkiria Rafael Baidavletov reported that 840 delegates were elected to the world forum of whom 579 delegates represent Bashkiria, 187 -- Russian regions, 30 -- CIS states, 44 -- far abroad countries.
		It is planned to discuss, during this forum, the issues of spiritual revival of the Bashkir people and the development of their language and culture.
		The delegates are expected to approve of the new wording of the kurultai's charter, the resolution as well as an address to the president of the country, Vladimir Putin, the peoples of Bashkiria and the Bashkirs.
	newsfromrussia.com /cis/2002/06/14/30325_.html (224 words)

	History
		The Kurultai provided a wide representation of the community members and issued obligatory decisions, for all members of the Tatar community, in the most complicated year of their history, 1917, the Crimean Tatars appealed to the national, century-old historical heritage and transformed the Kurutai to adapt to new conditions and democratic demands.
		On December 14th, the Kurultai published the first Crimean Tatar Constitution, "Crimean Tatar Basic Laws." The Constitution declared equality of all people in the Crimean Peoples Republic and proved the need to elect a Crimean Parliament, the all-Crimean Constituent Assembly, which was to decide general political, land and financial issues for the peninsula.
		The Kurultai adopted the state symbols and proclaimed itself the Crimean Tatar Parliament, Asan Safari Aivazov was elected Chairman.
	www.qurultay.org /linkshow.asp?AD=../links/eng/history/Cr_ASSR/4_2.html (929 words)

	Institutional Development of the Crimean Tatar National Movement
		Kurultai consists of 200 members elected in indirect, two-staged, first-pass-the-post (majoritarian) election, and 50 members elected from the list of social organizations, NGOs and their coalitions.[33] Crimean Tatars have no permanent political parties, although Kurultai is characterized by a level of internal political diversity.[34] The length of the term in office is 5 years.
		The main functions of the Kurultai is to appoint members of the Mejlis, its chairman, and the Supervision Committee; approving the report of the Mejlis; adopting decisions.[36] The Kurultai convenes at least every second year, but acts as a supreme body of the Crimean Tatars only when in session.
		Another case of increased political participation of the Crimean Tatars is the Advisory Council to the President of Ukraine, and the corresponding Advisory Councils to the heads of regional administrations in all regions of Crimea.
	www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/national-movement.html (10362 words)

	Kyrgyz Committee for Human Rights
		These 14 persons, which have signed with you the memorandum after you gavra vow, and keep silence, on July, 7th, 2005 have made the memorandum, that within 2005 it is necessary to carry out the constitutional reform and have addressed to you.
		Under the initiative of parties which enter into political movement "Kyrgyzstan" has been lead VI national Kurultai on December, 24th, tens members of political parties, the nongovernmental organizations participated in it, and it was offered to carry out a national referendum on carrying out of the constitutional reform up to 24-March, 2006.
		You have spat on decisions of national Kurultai, and have declared that till autumn of 2006 will not carry out a referendum.There are no doubts, that till the autumn you can change many times your position.
	www.kchr.org /02-Feb-2006/e20060201.html (2144 words)

	Unique Facts about Asia: Mongol Empire
		It took many months to summon the kurultai, as many of its most important members were leading military campaigns thousands of miles from the Mongol heartland.
		And then it took months more for the kurultai to come to the decision that had been almost inevitable from the start — that Genghis's choice as successor, his third son Ögedei, should indeed become Great Khan.
		Pending a kurultai to elect Ögedei's successor, his widow Toregene Khatun assumed power and proceeded to ensure the election of her son Guyuk by the kurultai.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Asiaweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Asia7.htm (1439 words)

	Prima-News
		The fourth Kurultai (national congress of Crimean Tatars) was over on November 12.
		Kurultai's delegates decided to join efforts with "The People's Rukh of Ukraine" party, whose founder is dissident Vyacheslav Chornovil, now the late, at prospective elections to the Ukraine's Verkhovna Pada (parliament) and the Supreme Council of Crimea.
		Some delegates reproached the Medzhlis for insufficient activity in assertion of Crimea's sovereignty and restoration of social rights for departed Crimean Tatars, who came in the 90s back to Crimean soil.The Medzhlis's goal is to attain not less than 14 percent membership in the Crimea's Parliament for Crimean Tatars.
	www.prima-news.ru /eng/news/news/2001/11/9/17897.html (150 words)

	www.kazpravda.kz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Kurultai is an assembly of representatives of various social classes to make resolutions on most significant problems.
		Consequently, decision to convoke kurultai was determined by present situation.
		The present kurultai has somewhat another purpose; yet, the former and nowadays kurultais are a bright form of popular representation residing to Turki nations.
	www.kazpravda.kz /print.php?lang=eng&chapter=992102312 (261 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tulip Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thousands of people attended a rally in Osh on March 19 as an opposition congress, called a kurultai, set up a "people's council" in a challenge to the local administration and proclaimed it as a parallel government.
		We can talk about the fulfillment of our tasks when the current government will be replaced by a government that is trusted by the nation." March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years).
		Kurultai (Tatar: Qorıltay) is a political and military council of ancient Mongol chiefs and khan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tulip-Revolution (4167 words)

	Registan.net » The Jalalabad Kurultai
		In presidium of Kurultay were representatives of opposition such as: Bakiev K., Otunbaeva R., Boldzhurova I., Sydykov U., Beknazarov A., Sydykova Z. and from regions.
		Kurultay is for resignation of the current President of Kyrgyzstan
		Hulegu has more on kurultais, a decision-making process that seems to be found in all Turco-Mongolian lands.
	www.registan.net /?p=4721 (471 words)

	computer-hacking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Kurultai (Tatar: QorÄ±ltay, Azerbaijani: Qurultay; Kurulmak meaning "to assemble" in Turkish, also Khural meaning "meeting" in Mongolian, also known as " Khur- Altai " - meeting of all altai tribes) is a political and military council of ancient Mongol chiefs and khans.
		All Great Khans of the Mongol Empire, for example Genghis Khan and Ogedei Khan, were formally elected in a Kurultai; khans of subordinate Mongol states, such as the Golden Horde, were elected by a similar regional Kurultai.
		Examples are: "World Qoroltay of Bashkirs", "Fourth Qurultay of Crimean Tatars", "National Kurultai of Kyrgyzstan".
	www.computer-hacking.com /articleresources/?title=Kurultai (369 words)

	The official site of Kyrgyz Political Party Ar-Namys
		The kurultai also passed a vote of no confidence in the head of the OSCE center in Bishkek, Aidyn Idil, accusing his office of passivity or collaboration in the face of government assaults on oppositionists, human rights defenders, and independent media.
		The kurultai’s most important act, according to Beknazarov, was its election of 21 delegates to participate in the Second World Congress of Kyrgyz.
		Januzakov maintained that the kurultai had no legal right to choose who could attend, and that the list of participants had been already been finalized by the government in conformity with procedures set out in a presidential decree.
	www.ar-namys.org /old/en/view.php?i=355 (1519 words)

	Veits Krim-Studienarbeit - Die Nationale Frage auf der Krim - Ukrainer, Russen, Krimtataren, Krimdeutsche
		Das repräsentative Organ der Krimtataren, ihr Parlament, ist der Kurultai.
		Der Kurultai bestimmte eine Staatsflagge und eine Hymne für die krimtatarische Nation.
		Außerdem wählte er ein 33köpfiges Präsidium, den Medschlis, der die Geschäfte zwischen den Versammlungen des Kurultais (etwa alle zwei Jahre) führt.
	www.hospitalityclub.org /veit/krim.htm (3621 words)

	Free Turkmenistan
		At a March 6 gathering of the Kurultai, a national assembly staged by the government, Akayev seized the initiative in the domestic political struggle.
		Akayev’s comments at the Kurultai were indicative of a lack of cohesion within the opposition camp.
		Indeed, in the ongoing political battles, opposition movements in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan have all suffered because of lack of unity, often fueled by leadership rivalries.
	www.erkin.net /chronicle2/news470en.html (938 words)

	UNHCR - Crimean Tatars
		The kurultai, as the convention was called, adopted a “Declaration of National Sovereignty of the Crimean Tatar People,” and announced an intention to re-establish a sovereign Tatar state.
		The kurultai also selected a standing body, known as the mejlis, which was designed to operate as a shadow legislative body advocating Tatar issues.
		The primary responsibility of the Kurultai was electing a new mejlis.
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3ae6a5b50.html (17722 words)

	[No title]
		At a March 6 gathering of the Kurultai, a national assembly staged by the government, Akayev seized the initiative in the domestic political struggle.
		Akayev’s comments at the Kurultai were indicative of a lack of cohesion within the opposition camp.
		Akayev, as his Kurultai comments showed, is hoping to isolate the radicals.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/030Compecon/Soviet/Asia/030312opposition.txt (1078 words)

	Kurultai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Kurultai is a war council of ancient Mongol chiefs (also spelt as kuriltai in English).
		Various Turkic peoples use it as a synonym for council, assembly, convention, gathering.
		Examples are "World Kurultai of Bashkirs", "Fourth kurultai of Crimean Tatars", "National Kurultai of Kyrgyzstan"
	www.wapipedia.com /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Kurultai (106 words)

	Organizers of the Kurultai of the Assembly of the Kyrgyz Peoples ignore delegates representing the Center of Uzbek ...
		The president wouldn't elaborate but observers do not doubt that it was a reference to leaders of the Uzbek diaspora in the southern part of Kyrgyzstan.
		This assumption is indirectly confirmed by the fact that delegates of the Center of Uzbek National Culture were not given the floor at the Kurultai.
		When the Kurultai was drawing to its end, he asked me "on behalf of all here" if I was a delegate.
	enews.ferghana.ru /article.php?id=1539 (630 words)

	Prima-News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Supporters of recently convicted opposition leader Felix Kulov (he was sentenced to ten years), and residents of the Aksy district, Jalal-Abad region in Kyrgyzstan seeking punishment for those responsible for the shooting of a peaceful demonstration in Aksy in March of this year, also wanted to have their say on the developments in the country.
		On the morning of November 16 when the kurultai was scheduled to open it was not yet known where it would take place because almost every possible venue in Bishkek refused to let them in.
		Bolot Dzhanuzakov, who advises the president on public relations issues, stated on November 15 that the kurultai was illegitimate, calling it a mere political show, a “kurultai of oppositionists”.
	prima-news.ru /eng/news/articles/2002/11/18/21628.html?print (613 words)

	Kommersant - Russia's Daily Online
		The National Assembly, or El Kurultai (Parliament), of the Altai Republic is the highest representative and legislative body in the republic.
		Extraordinary sessions of the El Kurultai may be convened at the request of the President of the Altai Republic, Chairman of the Government of the Altai Republic.
		The President of the Altai Republic, Chairman of the Government of the Altai Republic, the El Kurultai, and the Government work cooperatively based on the interests of the republic and its people and unity of purpose and objectives in solving the republic's problems according to the principles of separation of powers and their authority.
	www.kommersant.com /t-89/r_5/n_433/Altai_(Gorno-Altai)_Republic (4246 words)

	hithunter:飞翔的天空，不停的脚步: mongolia ...
		And then it took months more for the kurultai to come to the decision that had been almost inevitable from the start â” that Genghis's choice as successor, his third son Ã—gedei, should have became Great Khan.
		Pending a kurultai to elect Ã—gedei's successor, his widow Toregene Khatun assumed power and proceeded to ensure the election of her son
		Batu was unwilling to accept Guyuk as Great Khan, but lacked the influence in the kurultai to procure his own election.
	dongyejian.spaces.live.com /Blog/cns!29A8AADD1C9A2C21!537.entry (1475 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The empire was governed by a non-democratic parliamentary-style central assembly, called Kurultai, in which the Mongol chiefs met with the Great Khan to discuss domestic and foreign policies.
		And then it took months more for the kurultai to come to the decision that had been almost inevitable from the start — that Genghis's choice as successor, his third son Ögedei, should become Great Khan.
		Batu remained in the west but this time gave his support to his and Guyuk's cousin, Möngke, who was duly elected Great Khan in 1251.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Mongol_Empire (4385 words)

	Kyrgyz Committee for Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Besides, as chairman of the Commission of Human Rights approves, Federation of self-aggressors where 110 organizations enter, initiate carrying out shortly Kurultai (national meeting) and wish to invite President Kurmanbek Bakiev.
		In occasion of participation of the president in Kurultai, the chairman of the Commission of Human Rights has noted, that if it will be real organizational kurultai, if there will be no disagreements among the organizations, then participation of the president is possible.
		"We now think, whether this is necessary in general Kurultai or not, we negotiate with the different organizations, societies of self-aggressors.
	www.kchr.org /02-Feb-2006/e20060206.html (265 words)

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