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Topic: Kurzeme

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Duchy of Courland

	Regions of Latvia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kurzeme (Courland), the western part of Latvia, consisting roughly the counties of Liepāja, Kuldīga, Talsi, Saldus and Ventspils.
		Zemgale is bounded by Kurzeme in the east, Gulf of Riga and Daugava river in the north and Latvia-Lithuania border in the south.
		This reflects the political division of Latvia between 1629 and 1917, when Kurzeme and Zemgale were together, first as the Duchy of Courland, then as the Courland province in the Russian Empire while Vidzeme and Latgale were politically separate, both from Courland and one from another.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Regions_of_Latvia (392 words)

	Livonian History
		In northern Kurzeme, the Livonians were rendered practically extinct, with a population of 1600 on the coast being reduced to 10.
		The western dialect of Kurzeme Livonian would come to be spoken in Piza and Luz, with a transitional dialect being spoken in Ire, and the eastern dialect being spoken in the remaining towns to the east (Karma 1995: 77).
		The publication of the translations was complicated by a peasant uprising among the Livonians in 1859 and 1860 in the town of Dundaga in Northern Kurzeme.
	homepage.mac.com /uldis/livonia/history.html (9467 words)

	latregion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		KURZEME - the varied shoreline of the Baltic Sea, the small, almost ethnographic, fishing villages, deep forests, the old wooden churches, romantic castles and baronial estates, the land of the ancient Liv people.
		Like Kurzeme, Zemgale reached the height of its prosperity under the rule of Duke Jekabs in the 17th century: the fertile soil of the region contributed greatly to the growth of the economy, and Jelgava became one of the cultural centres of the Baltics, a position it retains today.
		Like that of Kurzeme and, indeed, Latvia as a whole, the culture of Zemgale is the product of the clash between a western European culture of land ownership, copied from the Germans, and the native Latvian traditions with their pagan ethos: peasants, for instance, were given surnames only in 1835.
	www.mustiala.hamk.fi /verkkokurssit/michelson/baltic/latvia/latregion.htm (1259 words)

	Kurzeme Region
		The farthest northern point of Kurzeme is the Cape of Kolka which is part of the Slītere National Park.
		In Kurzeme there is a relatively large number of rivers — the most important ones being the Venta and the Abava.
		The local population of Kurzeme use the Liv dialect and partly also the so-called Middle dialect (on which the literary Latvian language is based).
	www.kurzeme.lv /index.php?&68 (317 words)

	Information Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The coat of arms of the Duchy of Kurzeme and Zemgale is placed in the upper part of the coin, with a ship in the process of building beneath it.
		The inscription KURZEME is arranged in a semi-circle at the bottom of the coin.
		It is a symbolic story of the prosperity of the Duchy of Kurzeme and Zemgale in the 17th century, when trade flourished, iron foundries and other manufactures developed and excellent samples of the art of construction were created during the time of Duke Jacob.
	www.bank.lv /eng/print?38567 (317 words)

	The Jumava Publishing House: Catalogue of books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The sculptors of Kurzeme, the studios of woodcarving masters, sculpture of Kurzeme and Riga, aside baroque woodcarvings in Kurzeme are looked over in the album.
		Kurzeme's decorative sculpture of the period from 1660 till 1740 met it's flourishing, which lets it to stand out against the background of the East Baltic art and which has importance in the history of European baroque sculpture.
		It is original work, in wich, for the first time, the history of Livs of North Kurzeme during several centuries has been summarized by scientist of history of civilisation.
	www.jumava.lv /en/enciklopedija.htm (675 words)

	Latvia:Kurzeme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Begin your tour in the coastal city of Liepaja, nestling between the baltic sea and the Liepaja and Tosmare lakes, and divided in two by the port channel.
		Built on the Venta and bisected by the Aleksupite river, the tonw is considered one of Latvia's most beautiful, and is the only one in the country to have preserved the traditional wooden buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries.
		Only five kilometres from Tukums and surrounded by the picturesque Kurzeme hills, is the spectacular Jaunmokas Palace, dating from 1901, a fascinating if eclectic blend of Art Nouveau and neo-Gothic architecture and home to a forestry exhibition and displays of Latvian art.
	www.eunet.lv /VT/kurzeme/tour2.html (345 words)

	Tukums City and District - Latvia
		Tukums is a town on the outskirts of Kurzeme enclosed by gardens.
		The second town in the Tukums region is Kandava, the historic provincial town of Kurzeme.
		Jaunpils, one of the largest civil parishes of the Tukums region is situated in the area where the plain of Zemgale gradually turns into a hilly plateau.
	www.randburg.com /lv/tukums.html (641 words)

	Jews. Migration history
		The Jewish populations in Kurzeme and Latgale should be regarded as two distinct ones from the migration point of view.
		The first serious migration wave from Kurzeme in the reference period took place at the end of the 1830s when a lot of Jews migrated to the new agricultural colonies.
		The Germans, after they captured Kurzeme, counted people and their results were that in 1915 in Liepāja [Libau] lived 7163 Jews, in Aizpute [Hasenpoth] 644, in Palanga [Polangen] 513 but in Ventspils [Windau] only 3 /Skujenieks/.
	www.roots-saknes.lv /Ethnicities/Jews/jews_migration.htm (6552 words)

	Zalais novads - 21 - Green region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		North Kurzeme Agenda 21 center within the framework of Latvian Environmental Protection Fund project "Green Ray" has published a booklet about the collection of animal horns colected by Edgars Hausmanis.
		North Kurzeme Agenda 21 center within the framework of Latvian Environmental Protection Fund project "Green Ray" has organized a seminar "Practice of ecotourism and community networking in "Kolka circle" route" in Dundaga Secondary School.
		On April 2 Northern Kurzeme Agenda 21 center in cooperation with Dundaga municipality and Latvian Environmental Protection Fund organized a seminar "History of culture and cultural tourism".
	www.zalaisnovads21.lv /en-new-2003.html (1109 words)

	The Nuclear Waste Storage Prohibition Act 1999
		Mr Kurzeme spoke of the public response over the last two years.
		Giz Watson’s response to this daft claim was that Mr Kurzeme must have been hanging around nuclear waste too long and it had affected his memory.
		Kurzeme was still keen to dangle a carrot - $10 billion direct investment and $200 billion ongoing revenue for whoever wants to be one of the world's nuclear toilets.
	www.anawa.org.au /waste/pangea-update-05-01.html (409 words)

	TURI - Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kurzeme is the western region of Latvia - land of blue seas and deep forests.
		For centuries Kurzeme fisher's camps were home for Livs, which inhabited Latvia in 10-th century.
		Stone bridge (built in 1874) on Venta river is one of the longest in Europe.
	www.turi.lv /Eng/latvia/kurzeme.html (314 words)

	Kurzeme, Latvia Riga
		Bound by the sea to the north and west, the region is known for its many fishing villages nestled among pines, massive forests and large ice-free ports, such as Ventspils, an important commercial city that helped shape the region.
		The Kurzeme coastline is still home to Livs, ancient founders of Latvia.
		Kurzeme is easily reachable from Riga and can be toured in a day.
	www.latvia-riga.com /regions_kurz_latvia.htm (452 words)

	The Latvian Institute
		The German-formed states of the Livonian confederation and the Duchy of Kurzeme have left an indelible mark in Latvia's history.
		Between 1906 and 1914, approximately 15,000 German farmers, chiefly from the Ukraine and Wolin, settled in Kurzeme.
		Ernst Biron (1690-1772) - Duke of Kurzeme and Zemgale (1737-1769).
	www.latinst.lv /en?id=20 (4635 words)

	T a s
		The name Kurzeme of the Western Latvia comes from the word Kursi (Cours), a tribe speaking a Baltic language who first settled here around 3 000 BC.
		Kurzeme boasts its beautiful nature formed by the Rivers of Venta and Abava, numerous lakes and the beautiful white sand beaches all along the western sea coast.
		Kurzeme also has many beautiful small towns with charming wooden Old Towns (most beautiful examples are Kuldinga, Talsi and Tukums), medieval castles and old manor houses.
	www.tas.lv /ix.php?lang=en&net=i&id=3&doc=243&ent=176 (220 words)

	The Liepniekvalks caves (the Peldanga labyrinth) Northern Kurzeme - In Nature - Recreation - LVM - Latvijas Valsts Mezi
		The Liepniekvalks caves (the Peldanga labyrinth) Northern Kurzeme - In Nature - Recreation - LVM - Latvijas Valsts Mezi
		Northern Kurzeme / The Liepniekvalks caves (the Peldanga labyrinth)
		Along the shores of the small Liepniekvalks lake, there is revealed sandstone in which a system of caves and underground labyrinths, uncommon in Kurzeme and 60 metres deep in all, has been carved by local streams.
	www.lvm.lv /eng/recreation/recreation_in_nature/northern_kurzeme?doc=1034 (78 words)

	House Bear house (8p), Letland, Kurzeme, Kuldiga city (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kuldiga is located in the centre of Kurzeme region and is a beautiful example of a 16th century town.
		The ancient atmosphere of the town could be the reason why Kuldiga and its vicinity are mentioned as one of the most beautiful and charming areas in Latvia.
		There are several excellent nature reserves in Kurzeme region where you can see rare species of plants, birds and animals.
	www.holidaysrental.co.uk /EH/SilverStream/Pages/accommodatie.html?productId=500792 (433 words)

	Information for tourists
		In Ventspils a tourist from Latvia feels like being abroad or in the future, because the most modern museum and camping site in the country are situated there.
		Rest in Kurzeme will please any taste and it will be a challenge to your leg muscles.
		In case of republication the reference on the Kurzeme Region Development Agency is compulsory
	www.kurzeme.lv /index.php?&83 (455 words)

	Special rules for Baltics
		In that time Kurzeme [Kurland] was not yet included in the Empire and was a foreign country relatively to Vidzeme [Livland] province, to which Sloka and Riga belonged.
		As Kurzeme [Kurland] was included in the Empire only in 1795, when the legislation concerning the Pale had already been settled, the Jews of Kurzeme were to some extent forgotten by the lawmakers of the Empire.
		The officials in Kurzeme and Vidzeme did not think that the expelling of illegally living Jews would be useful for the provinces.
	www.roots-saknes.lv /Ethnicities/Jews/RigaJews/Jews_in_Baltics.htm (3425 words)

	AQUASTAT - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Latvia consists of a con-tinental part in the east and the Kurzeme peninsula (Kurland) in the west.
		In the peninsula are the Kurzeme uplands, which are lower than the continental uplands and crossed by several rivers, of which the Venta River is the most important.
		In the Kurzeme peninsula and in the middle uplands, direct surface runoff accounts for 40% of flow of the rivers, while in the Zemgales plain it represents 20-30%.
	www.fao.org /ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/latvia/index.stm (2582 words)

	Northern Kurzeme
		Northern Kurzeme is the first map in the new series, which have it’s second edition.
		In second edition are fully updated and greatly supplemented maps in scale 1:200 000 and also town plans (in scale 1:20 000).
		In the new edition also is supplemented information about most notable objects of tourism in Northern Kurzeme.
	www.kartes.lv /eng/3221a_map.php?map_id=205 (101 words)

	Seafaring in Latvia
		century, shipbuilding developed in the Duchy of Kurzeme, especially during the reign of Duke Jacob, a representative of the Kettler family (heir apparent since 1633, duke from 1642 to 1682).
		Most of the ships were built for the Duchy of Kurzeme; they maintained trade contacts not only with European countries but also with America, Africa and Asia (chiefly India).
		In Duke Jacob’s time, Kurzeme possessed two colonies: St. Andrew's Island in Africa, at the mouth of the Gambia River, and Tobago Island in Central America, south of the Little Antilles.
	www.latinst.lv /old/seafaring.htm (3322 words)

	Latvia cities: Daugavpils, Jurmala, Liepaja
		Historically the country now known as Latvia was divided into five regions - Latgale, Zemgale, Kurzeme, the Liv land and Selija - each named after the tribe which lived in it and each with its own distinctive dialect, culture, costume and traditions.
		Castles and picturesque small towns evoke both medieval origins and times when the 17th century Dukedom of Kurzeme was so prosperous that it acquired colonies in the Gambia and Tobao.
		Kuldiga, overlooking the waterfall on the wide Venta river, became a Hanseatic City in 1368 and was briefly the capital of Kurzeme Duchy.
	www.baltic.ws /latvia/cities.html (1782 words)

	Liv Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The sea, low sand beaches, pale-yellow sand-dunes rising to the edge of a forest, amon them marshy areas and small sandy fields –– this is the landscape of the Liv villages of Kurzeme.
		An abandoned homestead comprised of a granary, a common room, an antechamber and a stable.
		On the Kurzeme coast, Baltic herring, sprats, plaice and cod were fished.
	www.kolumbus.fi /maikku.soveri/Doc/English.html (2817 words)

	Latvia:Kurzeme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Well armed and with a strong sleet, they were a warlike people who sailed to Denmark and sweden; indeed, the graves of Scandinavian Vikings can still be seen in the town of Grobina.
		the pagan Cours resisted the Crusaders for a long time, but in 1267, Kurzeme was absorbed into Livonia (a Crusader state that included part of Latvia and Estonia), under the rule of the Bishop of Kurzeme itself, with Kuldiga as its administrative centre, and Zemgale, governed from Jelgava.
		The merchants of the state encouraged economic independence, shipbuilding, the development of trade and even the beginnings of something of an empire: Kurzeme purchased St.Andrew's island, in the Gambia, in 1651, and the island of Tobago in 1654, creating the Kurzeme colonies.
	www.eunet.lv /VT/kurzeme/west.html (288 words)

	Latvia Tourist Board: What to See: Tukumss - Ventspils - Talsi
		The picturesque town of Tukums, nestling on the banks of the Slocene river between the hilly Kurzeme region and the plains of Zemgale, is an ideal starting point for a tour of the North - west of Kurzeme.
		The town is particularly famous for its castles and its manor, dating from the 13th to the 19th centuries and between them tracing the progress of much of Latvia's turbulent history.
		The most northerly point of the hilly region of Kurzeme is the Kolka Horn, where a spit 6km long and a few metres wide separates the Baltic sea from the Gulf of Riga.
	www.rivertowerhosting.com /Latvia/to_see/west2.htm (831 words)

	Field Project Assessment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The project area of the North Kurzeme includes the territory of the North Kurzeme Municipality Association (Kolka, Dundaga, Ance, Lube, Ive, Pope, Valdgale, Laidze, Ruze, Targale) and the Roja Municipality, northwestern Latvia.
		In North Kurzeme, the largest forest tracts in Latvia are to be found.
		Initially the title of the Project was ‘Local government partnerships for sustainable coastal development in North Kurzeme’; it was then changed to ‘Municipal environmental management and public participation, North Kurzeme Coastal Region, Latvia’.
	www.unesco.org /csi/act/latvia/assess15.htm (3862 words)

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