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	The Kushans - Indian History
		Kujula Kadphises (30-80 AD) established the Kushan dynasty in 78 AD by taking advantage of disunion in existing dynasty of Pahalava (Parthian) and Scytho-Parthians, and gradually wrested control of southern prosperous region, which is the northwest part of ancient India, traditionally known as Gandhara (now Pakistan).
		Kushan kings introduced gold and copper coins, a large number of them have survived till today.
		Kushan empire covered north west of India (includes Pakistan and modern Afganistan) and northern India.
	www.gloriousindia.com /history/kushans.html (554 words)

	Kushan Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gold coin of Kushan emperor Kanishka I (c. 100–126) with a Hellenistic representation of the Buddha (except for the feet spread apart, Kushan style), and the word "Boddo" in Greek script.
		The Kushans are again recorded to have sent presents to the Chinese court in 158–159 CE during the reign of the Chinese emperor Han Huan.
		These remnants of the Kushan empire were ultimately wiped out in the 5th century by the invasions of the White Huns, and later the expansion of Islam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kushans (2125 words)

	Kushan Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At the beginning of the 1st century, during the reign of Kujula Kadphises, the Kushans suffered a strong setback, as a large part of their empire was invaded by the Parthians.
		Kushan man in the traditional costume with tunic and boots, 2nd century, Gandhara.
		The Kushans are again recorded to have sent presents to the Chinese court in 158-159 CE during the reign of the Chinese emperor Han Huan.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Kushan (1838 words)

	YUE-CHI - LoveToKnow Article on YUE-CHI
		The chronology of this invasion and of the history of the Kushans in India must be regarded as uncertain, though we know the names of the kings.
		Further, it is probably in the mixture of Greek, Persian and Indian deities which characterizes the pantheon of the Kushan kings that are to be sought many of the features found in Mahky~nist Buddhism and Hinduism (as distinguished from the earlier Brahmnanism).
		In this alphabet the Greek letter f (or rather a very similar letter with the loop a little lower down) is used to represent sh, and there are some peculiarities in the use of o apparently connected with the expression of the sounds h and to.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Y/YU/YUE_CHI.htm (1345 words)

	- Chapter 29
		Kushans, with their topknots and flat, steppe-harsh features, were quite unknown to them.
		The Malwa were always careful to keep their Kushan and Rajput vassals from knowing too much about the "Veda weapons." But he knew enough, both from his own knowledge and the information imparted by the Ethiopians, to know that such enormous cannons could only be moved with great difficulty.
		The Kushan's expression was venery and lust personified.
	www.baen.com /Library/0671578723/0671578723__29.htm (3457 words)

	Kushans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		What emerged was a vibrant and indigenous culture born of the fusion of western-oriented Bactrian ideals with those from eastern-oriented India, interpreted by the forceful, free character born on the steppes of Central Asia.
		The revival of the ancient religion of Buddhism by Kanishka and the attendant emergence of Gandhara art are enduring mani-festations of Kushan culture.
		A layer of ash at Surkh Kotal speaks silently of the end of this brilliant era and the beginning of an age characterized by warring petty kingdoms.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/sites/kushans.htm (980 words)

	Kushan Period [130B.C. - A.D. 185] - Ancient Indian Costume,Discover Indians,The Kushans established their empire in ...
		The Kushans established their empire in the first century AD and were contemporaneous with the Satavahana (Andhra) and western Satraps (Sakas) kingdoms during part of the second century AD.
		With the advent of the Kushans this was extended, and the fashion of wearing sewn garments of central Asiatic pattern seems to have made headway with all classes of Indians in north India.
		The Kushan influence was felt in what developed into the Gandhara art and the art of Mathura which, while retaining the massive scale of Bharut and Sanchi, had carvings more sophisticated and images more flamboyant and sensuous than had been seen before.
	www.4to40.com /discoverindia/index.asp?article=discoverindia_kushan (4715 words)

	VOGELSANG, Willem (2002) The Afghans, Oxford, Blackwell
		Kushan domination followed in the footsteps of the Scythian and Scythian related immigrants that in the preceding years had spread from the steppes of Central Asia onto the eastern parts of the Iranian Plateau and down into the plains of northern India.
		In this way the establishment of Kushan authority may be compared to the history of the Scythians of the early first millennium and the succeeding empires of the Medes and Persians.
		The decline of Kushan rule in Afghanistan in the third century AD coincided with the fall of the Parthians and the rise of a revived Iran under the leadership of a new dynasty, that of the Sasanians.
	www.upf.es /materials/huma/central/historia/xinamon/virtuals/vogels.htm (4611 words)

	Kushan Empire - TheBestLinks.com - Kushans, Afghanistan, Ashoka, Buddhism, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At the beginning of the 1st century AD, during the reign of Kujula Kadphises, the Kushans suffered a strong setback, as a large part of their empire was invaded by the Parthians.
		The rule of Kanishka I, the third Kushan emperor, who flourished from the late 1st to the early/mid-2nd century AD, was administered from two capitals: Purushapura (now Peshawar in northern Pakistan) and Mathura, in northern India.
		Remants of the Kushan empire were ultimately wiped out in the 5th century AD by the invasions of the White Huns, and later the expansion of Islam.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Kushans.html (775 words)

	Kushan rule of Pakistan
		This was about the middle of the first century A.D. The Kushans overthrew the Saka-Parthian princes and established an empire which became one of the world's greatest and most distinguished both from the point of view of territory as well as cultural and religious achievements.
		The Kushans, with their capital at Purushapura (Peshawar) had their dominions on both sides of the Hindu Kush i.e., extending up to and including parts of Turkistan in the north-west, embracing the whole of modern Afghanistan, and in the east the entire Pakistan and major portion of northern India.
		As he grew stronger, the leader of the Kushans extended his suzerainship to the lands south of the Hindu Kush, in the Kabul Basin and on the Upper Indus.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/kushan.html (1363 words)

	KUSHAN EMPIRE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		During the 1st and 2nd century, the Kushan Empire expanded militarily to the north and occupied parts of the Tarim_Basin, their original grounds, putting them at the center of the profitable Central Asian commerce with the Roman_Empire.
		The Kushans are again recorded to have sent presents to the Chinese court in 158–159 CE during the reign of the Chinese emperor Han Huan.
		These remnants of the Kushan empire were ultimately wiped out in the 5th_century by the invasions of the White_Huns, and later the expansion of Islam.
	www.palfacts.com /Kushan_Empire (1944 words)

	The Kushans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Kushans were patrons of the arts and of religion.
		Further evidence of the trade and cultural achievement of the period has been recovered at the Kushan summer capital of Bagram, north of Kabul; it includes painted glass from Alexandria; plaster matrices, bronzes, porphyries, and alabasters from Rome; carved ivories from India; and lacquers from China.
		A massive Kushan city at Delbarjin, north of Balkh, and a major gold hoard of superb artistry near Sheberghan, west of Balkh, also have been excavated.
	www.afghan-network.net /Rulers/kushans.html (243 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Yüeh-chih conquered Bactria in the 2nd century BC and divided the country into five chiefdoms, one of which was that of the Kushans (Kuei-shuang).
		The Kushans were instrumental in spreading Buddhism in Central Asia and China and in developing Mahayana Buddhism and the Gandhara and Mathura schools of art.
		The Kushans became affluent through trade, particularly with Rome, as their large issues of gold coins show.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Dynasty.Kushan.shtm (216 words)

	On their way south the Kushans had attacked and greatly weakened the Parthian Empire of the Arsacids, which was under ...
		On their way south the Kushans had attacked and greatly weakened the Parthian Empire of the Arsacids, which was under simultaneous pressure from the Rome of the Caesars in the west.
		The ethnic stock of the Kushans is in some dispute, and a considerable body of opinion has maintained that, while their subjects were Iranian in the western part of their dominion, and Indian in the east, they themselves were an early wave of Hun or Turk affinity.
		The Kushans and the Romans had a common interest both in politics and in commerce; the Kushans now holding stretches of the east-west trade routes were able to divert merchandise to avoid Parthian territory.
	www.upf.es /materials/huma/central/historia/xinamon/virtuals/caroe1.htm (1432 words)

	Indian, Chinese, & Japanese Emperors
		After the arrival of the Kushans, the Sakas were simply driven further into India, into Rajasthan, where they became assimilated as Hindu Kshatriyas.
		It has been thought that the Era was established by the Kushan monarch Kanishka I, and may even have dated his reign, but he now appears to have ruled somewhat later.
		The Kushans also began as an Indo-European steppe people, known to the Chinese as the Yuèzhi (Yüehchih), the "Moon Tribe." They seem to have been a group who moved far east on the steppe very early, speaking a language with many archaic features.
	www.friesian.com /sangoku.htm (12421 words)

	Benjamin - The Migration of the Yueji through Sogdia - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		That Kushans and Usuns are related is evidenced by their close ties and mutual assistance, including the merger in the Kushan confederation.
		The Kushan's original intention was to move some 2,000 kilometers to the northwest and resettle in the valley of the Ili River, a region occupied by a group of Sakas (or Scythians).
		He has the Kushan settling in the Jaxartes (Syr Darya) delta rather than northern Bactria at the end of their migration, which is clearly incorrect as textual and archaeological evidence indicates.
	sophistikatedkids.com /turkic/btn_Archeology/KushansYuezhiEn.htm (9212 words)

	Article - Kushan empire new discoveries - presented by ©NewsFinder.Org - All Rights Reserved
		The dating of the reign starts and lengths of the Kushan kings is based on inscriptional evidence that no one seems to agree upon.
		Soon the Kushan Empire spread from Central Asia in the north to the plains near Mathura.
		He extended the Kushan Empire to the north to such an extent that he came into open conflict with the Chinese armies of the Hun Empire, in Central Asia.
	www.newsfinder.org /more.php?id=29_0_1_0_M (1499 words)

	Babel \| Vima Kadphises
		Vima Kadphises was a Kushan king who ruled about 90-100 A.D. The Rabatak inscription says that he was the son of Vima Takto and the father of Kanishka I. Vima's grandfather was Kujula Kadphises.
		The Kushans acquired a substantial amount of their gold from trading with the Romans.
		Roman manuscripts tell of visits that Kushan ambassadors made to Rome during the reign of the emperor Trajan.
	towerofbabel.com /map/articles/05/03/11/0347213.shtml?tid=272&tid=18 (453 words)

	[No title]
		Kushan coins tell great deal about the images of the kings as they wished to be seen by their subject.
		Kushan empire was at it's peak in terms of area during his and his son's reign.
		Most early Kushan emperors minted coins depicting Shiva but coins showing three-headed Shiva (2, 4 or 6 armed) are shown to be minted by only Huvishka and Vasudeva I. Shown above is an example which clearly indicates that even Kanishaka II minted three-headed Shiva coins, the fact which was obviously overlooked.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/kushan1.html (2499 words)

	Asia Week New York 2002 - John Eskenazi Ltd.
		Possibly a deity from north western India, identified as a king amongst gods, was depicted in Sassanian dress because in that region, this style retained its prestige and represented authority.
		Although the Kushan empire declined at the end of the 3rd century, leading to the rise to power of an indigenous Indian dynasty, the Guptas, in the 4th century, it is clear that Sassanian influence remained relevant in the north-west.
		He is seated, not on the lion throne of a Kushan emperor but a simple seat, rather like a boulder.
	www.asianart.com /exhibitions/aany2002/mainpages/07b.html (669 words)

	TAXILA: Sirsukh - third ancient city of Taxila -DAWN - Local; 02 August, 2004
		When the Kushan invaders decided to abandon the city of Sirkap (the second city of Taxila) and built a new one in its place, they selected a new site known as Sirsukh.
		The Sirsukh walls are faced with the heavy diaper masonry which was characteristic of the Parthian and early Kushan periods, compared to the rubble masonry characteristic of the Greek and Saka periods.
		The closing years of the 5th century witnessed a ruthless invasion of Gandhara and Taxila by white Huns that brought an end to the Kushans glorious rule and left Taxila in a shambles.
	www.dawn.com /2004/08/02/local35.htm (547 words)

	Persia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At the same time, the Seleucids had to contend with the revolt of the Maccabees in Judea and the expansion of the Kushan Empire to the east.
		Wars with Rome to the west and the Kushan Empire to the northeast drained the country's resources.
		The Sassanian dynasty (named for Ardashir's grandfather) was the first native Persian ruling dynasty since the Achaemenids; thus they saw themselves as the successors of Darius and Cyrus.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Persia (3221 words)

	kushanas
		Establishment of Kushans The Kushans were a branch of the nomadic Yeuhchi tribe of China.The Yeuhchi tribe was in conflict with another tribe and so was forced to leave China.
		One of these branches Kouel Chougang (Kushans) was superior to all.The Kushans under Kujala attacked the Parithans,took possessions of Ki-pin and Kabul and became the complete master of the Indian borderland.
		Mathura became the centre of Kushans.Many monuments were erected during Huvishka's reign.The last great king of Kushans was Vasudev I. The Kushans were overthrown by the Sassanians of Persia in the north-west and the Guptas in the north.The rule of Kushans ended almost at the same time as that of the Satavahans in the south.
	members.tripod.com /masad/kushanas.html (315 words)

	Fortune's Stroke: Chapter One
		The Kushans had not stopped complaining about their helmets since they were first handed the things.
		The Kushans felt strongly that proprieties had to be maintained, and they had, after all, been captured in fair battle.
		But the expression on the faces of his Thracian and Kushan companions spoke volumes concerning their opinion of "good Greek logic." Even Anastasius, normally devoted to Greek philosophy, was glowering fiercely.
	jiltanith.thefifthimperium.com /Collections/FortunesStrokeChapters/FortunesStroke_01.htm (1820 words)

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