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Topic: Kusunoki Masashige

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	Kusunoki Masashige (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Kusunoki, in what would later be viewed as the ultimate act of samurai loyalty, obediently accepted his Emperor's foolish command and knowingly marched his army into almost certain death.
		After the full-scale introduction of Neo-Confucianism as a state philosophy by the Tokugawa Shogunate, Kusunoki Masashige, once-called a traitor by the Northern Court, was resurrected with Emperor Go-Daigo as a precursor of Sinocentric absolutists, based upon the Neo-Confucian theories.
		Kusunoki became a patron saint of sorts to the World War II kamikazes, who saw themselves as his spiritual heirs in sacrificing their lives for the Emperor.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/K/Kusunoki-Masashige.htm (406 words)

	Kusunoki Masashige
		Kusunoki, determined to carry on the fight elsewhere, succeded in faking his own death: he ordered the castle torched and slipped out under cover of night, tricking the Hojo into believing that he had committed suicide.
		Unlike Akasaka, Kusunoki had had time to prepare Chihaya for a prolonged resistance and the presence of an internal well meant that the loss of this castle's aqueduct would not be fatal.
		Kusunoki objected to the decision to confront Takauji in a straightforward battle.
	www.samurai-archives.com /masashige.html (1899 words)

	Ashikaga Takauji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Takauji was a general of the Kamakura shogunate sent to Kyoto in 1333 to put down the Genko Rebellion which had started in 1331.
		He captured it only to be driven out and to Kyushu by the regrouped forces of Yoshisada with Masashige.
		The story of Ashikaga Takauji, Emperor Go-Daigo, Nitta Yoshisada, and Kusunoki Masashige from the Genko rebellion to the establishment of the Northern and Southern Courts is detailed in the 40 volume Muromachi period epic Taiheiki.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ashikaga_Takauji (462 words)

	Kusunoki and Taiheiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The thirteen members of the Kusunoki clan and their sixty retainers sat in two rows in the guest room with six pillars, chanted a Buddhist prayer ten times in unison before disemboweling themselves.
		Masashige, sitting at the head of the group, turned to his brother, Masasue, and asked, "They say your thought at the last moment determines whether your next life is going to be good or bad.
		Masashige was pleased to hear this and said, "That's a truly sinful, evil thought, but I think exactly as you do.
	www.history.emory.edu /RAVINA/PROJECT/Medieval_pages/Kusunoki_and_Taiheiki.html (427 words)

	Taiheiki
		The present version is silent on the fateful Battle of Minatogawa, where Nitta Yoshisada and Kusunoki Masashige were defeated and Kusunoki took his own life, to enter popular imagination as the best exemplar of a loyal tragic hero.
		Nothing is said about the rise of the Ashikaga that resulted in the establishment of a new line of shoguns that would last until it was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga and Hideyoshi in the 16th century.
		Both Morinaga and Kusunoki's fates are tragic, the former's perhaps even more so because he died on the order of Takauji's brother Tadayoshi while in captivity, abandoned by the Emperor whom he had helped restore.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /books/reviews/t/taiheiki.html (968 words)

	Bronze molded after the famous Samurai Kusunoki Masashige - www.samuraisword.com
		This shrine was dedicated to Masashige and constructed on the spot where he died.
		What is certain is that in 1331 Kusunoki Masashige was a landowner of some modest standing in Kwatchi province who responded to the Emperor Go-Daigo's plea for military support against the Hojo.
		Pre-war propaganda aside, Kusunoki Masashige stands as a soldier of the first order, brave and unselfish, with honorable intentions and a steadfast determination.
	www.samuraisword.com /bronze/ir/ir_2.htm (565 words)

	Real-life Samurai Legends
		The most familiar image of Kusunoki Masashige is this statue, to which tourists have been routinely led without any knowledge of him but that he is "some guy who is a hero of Japan".
		Kusunoki Masashige kept on being calm in the middle of the Imperial Panic.
		Kusunoki Masashige was the 'patron saint' for the Kamikaze pilots of World War II.
	www.geocities.com /azuchiwind/samurai2.htm (1495 words)

	Sinister Designs: Yoshitoshi Tsukioka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When Go-Daigo was exiled, a huge army laid siege to Kusunoki, but he tricked his way free: he ordered the castle torched in a huge funeral pyre, and he and his army slipped out at night, leaving the Hojo temporarily convinced that all were dead.
		Kusunoki again rallied to Go-daigo, although he objected to the tactics being urged by the High Command, tactics he felt would lose the war.
		Kusunoki committed suicide, and the loyalist cause was doomed.
	www.sinister-designs.com /graphicarts/newbrocades.html (1359 words)

	Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Kusunoki Masashige and Kitabatake Akiie, in communication with Kyoto, smashed the Ashikaga army.
		Kusunoki Masashige proposed a reconciliation with Ashikaga Takauji to the Emperor, but Go-Daigo rejected this.
		Kusunoki's army was defeated at the Battle of Minatogawa (湊川の戦い)
	www.biography.ms /Go-Daigo.html (602 words)

	Ashikaga Takauji
		In Spring 1333 Go-Daigo escaped exile on Oki Island and returned to the mainland, buoyed by the activities of Kusunoki Masashige, who presently holding off Bakufu troops at Chihaya fort, on Mt. Kongo.
		Kusunoki Masashige was against a direct approach due to the disparity in numbers but in the end Go-Daigo decided to fight.
		Aware that at least part of Ashikaga's army would be approaching by boat, Yoshisada was forced to position part of his army along the coast from the mouth of the Minatogawa east some miles to the mouth of the Ikutagawa.
	www.samurai-archives.com /takauji.html (3678 words)

	Aikido: The Wisdom and Teaching of Sadao Yoshioka
		Kusunoki Masashige, in the 14th century, was considered a very loyal commander.
		Kusunoki Masashige was a general or commander who was very loyal to the emperor Daigo.
		In his last battle, at Minatogawa, the emperor wanted him to fight that battle, but Kusunoki Masashige said they should wait, that they were outnumbered, and that the strategy wasn't right.
	www.trussel.com /aikido/f_sens.htm (9704 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		MASASHIGE was awarded KAWACHI-no-KAMI, and the provinces of SETTSU, KAWACHI and IZUMI.
		At council, MASASHIGE's plan to trap TAKAUJI in an evacuated KYOTO was rejected by the Emperor.
		MASASHIGEs' son, KUSUNOKI MASATSURA rose to take the leadership of his clan and fought the ASHIKAGA, driving the HOSOKAWA and their re-enforcements from KAWACHI.
	www.reninet.com /shoshin/kagemit.htm (1590 words)

	Ashikaga Shogunate
		The Taiheiki is often thought to be a tract whose anonymous author or authors argue that the Southern, and not the Northern, Court was the legitimate seat of imperial authority between 1336 and 1392.
		The thirteen members of the Kusunoki family and their sixty retainers aligned themselves in two rows in the six-bay reception hall.
		Masashige, occupying the seat of honor, turned to his brother Masasue.
	brian.hoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu /HST263/09.Ashikaga.html (1398 words)

	UCLA Asia Institute: Japan and the Emancipator
		A story involving beautiful flowers, Mito Mitsukuni, and then, to top it all off, the greatest military hero of the imperial past, Kusunoki Masashige, seems just a little bit too good to be true.
		He found out, he said, that their monopoly on the trade stemmed from loyalty to the great fourteenth-century imperial general Kusunoki Masashige.
		According to legend, in the early Tokugawa period (seventeenth century), a great daimyo lord, Mitsukuni of Mito, happened across the grave of Kusunoki, who had died trying to reassert the power of the Imperial throne.
	www.international.ucla.edu /asia/article.asp?parentid=33148 (923 words)

	EAJS 05, Visual and Performing Arts, Abstracts
		From Feudal Hero to National Icon: The Iconography of Kusunoki Masashige from the 17th Century to 1945
		One of the most frequent subject matters in Japanese painting, Kusunoki Masashige (1294-1336) symbolized the Confucian moral virtue of loyalty in the early modern and modern periods.
		It will show that paintings of Masashige produced during the Edo period were precursor to history painting, which the government of modern Japan used to project an emperor-centered national history.
	www.univie.ac.at /eajs/sections/abstracts/Section_4/4_8b.htm (974 words)

	Tsukioka Yoshitoshi / Kusunoki Masashige Reading to His Troops at the Temple Shitenn?oji / 11/1878
		Kusunoki Masashige Reading to His Troops at the Temple Shitenn?oji
		This image is one of over 118,000 from The Art Museum Image Consortium Library (The AMICO Library™), a growing online collection of high-quality, digital art images from 39 museums around the world.
		Visit www.davidrumsey.com/amico for more information on the collection, click on the link below the revolving thumbnail to the right, or email us at amico@luna-img.com.
	www.davidrumsey.com /amico/amico9102150-73267.html (300 words)

	Warriors of Japan as Portrayed in the War Tales
		Varley spends little time on developing the early themes of the book and although he does treat suicide by disembowelment and the changing mode of warfare (siege, reliance on foot soldiers), he prefers to concentrate on description of the famous heroes of the period, Kusunoki Masashige and his son Masatsura.
		There is, however, almost no analysis here, and the rest of the book is simply a retelling of what the Taiheiki has to say about their exploits, especially Masashige's inventive guerilla style of fighting.
		On the other hand, Ivan Morris inexplicably chooses not to talk at all about Yoshisada who, for all his failures as a strategist, must have been quite impressive for his loyalty to the imperial cause.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /books/reviews/w/warriors-of-japan-as-portrayed-in-the-war-tales.html (1130 words)

	Downtown Tokyo & Akihabara
		We found some pretty cool statues in the grounds, most impressive was the statue of Kusunoki Masashige.
		We continued on to the moat, and what I believe were the main gates to the Palace.
		Kusunoki Masashige was not "...a legendary hero of the Meiji era," as you state but fought against the Ashikaga shogunate over three centuries before the Meiji era.
	www.travelblog.org /Asia/Japan/Tokyo/blog-718.html (2043 words)

	Ospreysamurai.com - The samurai way of death
		We noted earlier how Go Daigo took refuge in the mountains under the protection of Kusunoki Masashige, but he also needed a warrior family in the east to take the war directly against the Hojo.
		The Kusunoki had been tenants of imperial lands for centuries, and owed allegiance to the emperor as to an ordinary feudal lord.
		Nitta Yoshisada became the samurai general on whom Emperor Go Daigo particularly depended after the death of Kusunoki Masashige at the battle of Minatogawa in 1336.
	www.ospreysamurai.com /samurai_death02.htm (5672 words)

	Things to know from The Nobility of Failure, ch. 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Compare and contrast the reception that later Japanese history has given to Kusunoki Masashige and Ashikaga Takauji.
		Why has Masashige come to be "apotheosized" while Ashikaga Takauji has been vilified?
		What overall socio-political conditions would give rise to popular Japanese admiration for Masashige.
	core.ecu.edu /hist/tuckerjo/masashige.htm (173 words)

	The Samurai
		Esteemed a paragon of Loyalty Kensunoki Mashashige engaged and held his own against a vastly superior set of forces, it is said he and his partisans stood against 60,000 troupes divided in to three armies.
		Kusunoki Masashige received eleven wounds in battle against the future Shogun at the Battle of Minatogawa, after making his last stand withdrew to take his Seppuku, leaving his son Masatsura to continue the struggle in the name of the Emperor.
		The Hiato or personal sword of Kusunoki Masahige is OSAFUNE KAGEMITSU KO-RYU "The Little Dragon" and is designated a national treasure.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/247138 (598 words)

	Ashikaga Takauji - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He took it only to be driven out and to Kyushu by the regrouped forces of Yoshisada with Masashige.
		Emperor Komyo was installed as emperor beginning the turbulent Northern and Southern Court period (Nanboku-cho) which would last for almost 60 more years.
		This page was last modified 04:47, 19 Nov 2004 by Indopedia user User:.
	www.indopedia.org /Ashikaga_Takauji.html (541 words)

	Not How We Remember Him
		Turns out the outer grounds are huge, bigger than the open square at Tiananmen in Beijing.
		We had some fun with a samurai on horse sculpture (Kusunoki Masashige, for those who care) and the pigeons hanging around there.
		We also had some fun speculating about an assassination that took place near one of the gates in 1860.
	homepage.mac.com /takecrew/blogwavestudio/LH20050305203819/LHA20051003162147 (441 words)

	erber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mitsuhiro states this Tsuba mirrors it's Kusunoki motif in that the work of the father is taken up by his son.
		Kusunoki father, Masashige informs his son of his surely-coming death
		Son, Gozaemon Mitsuhiro (1795 - 1841) completed this Tsuba after the death of his father.
	www.sho-shin.com /erber.html (112 words)

	Yama Kaminari - Date Saburou Yukiie
		When the Kamakura Bakufu tried to depose The August Person, Date Yukiie, along with the famed Kusunoki Masashige, fell into efforts to keep the Son of Heaven in legitimate grandeure.
		In 1330 Go Daigo Tenno was exhiled to the small island of Oki - Yukiie fought alongside Kusunoki throughout the land in gaining support for the legitimate Emperor.
		In what became known as the Nanbokucho Jidai (the war of the Northern and Southern Courts era) Go Daigo Tenno would eventually displace the Kamakura Bakufu.
	www.yamakaminari.com /Profiles/profiledate.html (619 words)

	Best and Worst of Japan \| Asian American Poll \| GoldSea
		kusunoki- Japan didn't surrender during WWII out of foolish pride.
		If they had surrendered, they might have avoided Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and millions of lives might have been saved.
		Oh my gosh kusunoki masashige you has gots to be kidding me?!
	goldsea.com /Poll/Japan/japan_20531.html (868 words)

	KCC International Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Narrator: We would like to sing a Japanese song written about a 100 years ago (by Ochiai Naobumi).
		It is centered on a samurai warrior, Kusunoki Masashige, who died in battle about 600 years ago (in Minatogawa, which is in present day Kobe).
		Before going into battle, his thoughts are on his family.) The title of the song is The Lush Green Leaves of Sakurai (A-o-ba shi-ge-re-ru Sa-ku-ra-I no) The Japanese syllables of 7-5 are repeated 6 times.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~thomask/songs/sakurai.html (107 words)

	The Takamatsu Sensei Documents Page
		The people in Nancho including Kusunoki Masashige (famous warrior hero) congregated to discuss how they would rescue the Tenno.
		Kurando then used the shaft part in Togakure Ryu Bojutsu Gyaku Kuji to fight.
		When he struck the sergent down, the group led by, Kusunoki Masashige arrived at the palace to save Tenno.
	home.luna.nl /~risu/takamatsu2.htm (977 words)

	The Wargamer - Warfare in Feudal Japan
		When the tenth Hojo shikken, Takatoki, proved to be dimwitted and morally bankrupt, the figurehead emperor, Go-Daigo began a revolt against the regency.
		The first attempt by Go-Daigo ended in his exile, but thanks to the continued loyalty of his followers, particularly Kusunoki Masashige, he was encouraged to return and try again.
		This time, another samurai, Nitte Yoshisada, entered the conflict on the emperor’s side, invading Kamakura itself.
	www.wargamer.com /shogun/dw-3.asp (406 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Samurai
		Even in death, samurai were beholden to honor.
		Japanese history is filled with examples of samurai that were treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige).
		Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Samurai (6719 words)

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