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Topic: Kutrigurs

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	[No title]
		Using the absence of the main enemy's forces, the Utigur khan Sandilkh crossed the river Don and invaded the lands of the Kutrigurs, who were badly defeated and many of their women and children were enslaved.
		Since the 7-th century the tribal name of the Kutrigurs was generally substituted by the name of the Proto-Bulgarians, although they are still mentioned in few cases as Kotrags.
		The replacement of the name of the Kutrigurs is shown even clearer in Fredegarius [25] who narrates about the contest for power over the Avar khaganate, kindled between the candidates of the Avars and the Proto-Bulgarians in 631-632.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Groznijat/p_bulgar/p_bulg1a.htm (3003 words)

	Proto-Bulgarians - 5
		Weakened, the Kutrigurs and, partly, the Utigurs were conquered by the Avars in 558 AD, and in 576 AD the Utigurs fell under the sway of the Turcuts.
		As both Procopius and Agathius describe exactly the lands north of the Sea of Azov and west of the river Don as the land of the Kutrigurs, the identification of the Kotrags with the Kutrigurs is almost universally accepted.
		Most of the researchers attribute the Pereschepino treasure to the Proto-Bulgarians or to the Kutrigurs [25], most probably a Proto-Bulgarian (Kutrigur) prince, who had died fighting against the expansion of the Khazars and who was not able to collect back his buried possessions.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/p_bulgar/p_bulg5.htm (4331 words)

	Karachay Balkar Explorer
		Indicative is the fact that after being defeated by the Utigurs, 2000 Kutrigurs, led by Sinion, settled in Thracia as Byzantine subjects during the reign of emperor Justunian [1].
		Because of their nomadic way of life, there are no visible traces left from the Kutrigurs.
		Pletnjova's investigations along the northern coast of the Taganrog bay show a picture, similar to that from the eastern Azov - temporary camps with few artefacts, concentrated around the steppe rivers' mouths [2].
	karachaymalkar.bravehost.com /kutrigurs.html (919 words)

	TRANSLATION OF TEMPORA...
		His opinion is shared by V. Beshevliev who pointed out that no contemporary source had ever called the Kutrigurs and Utigurs ‘Bulgars’, and their identification as Bulgar tribes is based only on "geographical argumentation".
		Menander (583/84) mentions their [of the Utigurs and Kutrigurs] downfall, caused, among other things, by the internecine wars incited by Byzantium [Beshevliev, The Proto-Bulgars, Sofia, 1984, p.
		Procopius of Cesarea attests that the empress had to look for the help of the leader of the Kutrigurs Zabergan as an intermediary between Byzantium and Persia.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/armen/tempora_incognita.htm (2554 words)

	K. Setton - The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the Seventh Century
		In 482 the Emperor Zeno is said to have sought the aid of the Bulgars against the Ostrogoths, [3] and from the 490's on the Bulgar tribesmen made frequent raids upon Thrace, Moesia, and Illyricum.
		The Kutrigurs, who got along badly with the Utigurs, who dwelt near them, sought wealth and adventure in the Byzantine empire, to which the Utigurs were bound by an alliance which Justinian had negotiated with them.
		When the Kutrigurs were at last forced to withdraw beyond the Danube, Justinian incited the hostile Utigurs against them; the Utigurs soon disappear from history, while the Kutrigurs had already fallen under Avaric domination.
	www.kroraina.com /bulgar/setton.html (14162 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Known to English-speaking historians as the Bulgars, and to the Bulgarians themВ¬selves as the prabalgari or "Protobulgarians", the rulers who founded Pliska and Preslav, and who may have been responsible for commissioning the Madara Horseman, started out as Turkic nomads from the Eurasian steppe.
		Originating in western Siberia, the Bulgars coalesced into three warlike tribes in the sixth century: the Onogurs, Utigurs and Kutrigurs.
		The latter were the first to descend on the Balkans, reaching the walls of Constantinople twice in the mid-50(is AD before being pushed back by the armies of Emperor Justinian.
	www.myhomebulgaria.com /Info_on_Bulgaria/Culture (900 words)

	[No title]
		The Kutrigurs, Utigurs and Onogurs were, of course, all Bulgars.
		The second of these invasions is that of the Kutrigur chief Zabergan which took place in 558.
		We know, however, that it included Kutrigurs [35] and no doubt also Onogurs as can be inferred from the fact that the Onogur Kouver-Kouvratos was a chief of Bulgars in the Avar armies.
	www.kroraina.com /bulgar/charanis.html (4227 words)

	1652
		After the Kutrigur Bulgar attack of 540, Justinian worked to extend a system of fortifications that ran in three zones through the Balkans and as far south as the Pass of Thermopylae.
		One column reached Thermopylae; the second gained a foothold on the Gallipoli Peninsula near Constantinople; and the third advanced as far as the suburbs of Constantinople itself, which the aged Belisarius had to defend with an unlikely force of civilians, demesmen, and a few veterans.
		At the end of Justinian's reign, they stood on the Danube, a nomadic people hungry for lands and additional subsidies and by no means unskilled themselves in a sort of perfidious diplomacy that would help them pursue their objectives.
	www.voxdeibaptist.org /byzantine_empire.htm (14460 words)

	Karatay - MEDIEVAL BOSNIAN ROYAL DYNASTY KOTROMANIDS - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		These Kutrigurs invaded Bosnia and Dalmatia in 578 in the name of the Avar Qaganate.
		It seems they held very high ranks within the state, which may be a factor in their endeavor of seizing the throne in 630-631.
		The word Kotroman is associated, at the first glance, with the Kotur Ogurs / Kutrigurs sent to Bosnia by the Avan qagan at the beginning of the invasion.
	www.transoxiana.com.ar /Eran/Articles/karatay.html (9138 words)

	Peoples and Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Imperial concerns in the 6th century involved two Hunnic tribes (the Kutrigurs and Utigurs) from the Don River region.
		Their annual raids lay behind much of the now constant Slav pressure on the Balkan region as they pushed Slavic groups ahead of them or temporarily absorbed Slavic groups and with augmented numbers threatened the frontier themselves.
		Believing that rewards of fertile land awaited them, the Avars pushed westward, north of the Black Sea, mauling and debilitating Kutrigurs, Utigurs, and others in their path.
	www.uncg.edu /dcl/courses/fastforward/wcv101/content/unit3/problem3.htm (1182 words)

	The Sixth Century
		540 The Kutrigurs (a Bulgar tribe) captured thirty-two Roman fortresses in Illyricum and raided as far as Constantinople.
		559 The Kutrigurs crossed the frozen Danube and attacked Macedonia, Thessaly, Gallipoli and Constantinople.
		561 The Avars (having absorbed the Kutrigurs and Utigurs) moved to a position north of the lower Danube.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Pines/7224/Rick/chron6.htm (9450 words)

	The HUNS \| hunnica.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Kutrigur army of 12,000 layed waste to the Balkan provinces of the Roman Empire and Justinian needed a great counter force in order to put an end to the Kutrigur attacks.
		The Bulgar tribe, Kutrigurs, were akin to the Bulgar tribe, Utigurs.
		The Kutrigur and Utigur tribes are recorded to have been striking forces of Attila the Hun.
	www.hunnica.com /tribes.htm (336 words)

	Sabirs
		To Tengiz (Dengizik), was given ulus (Oguz) of a horde called Kutrigurs.
		Kutrigurs to between Dniepr and Don Rivers, NW from Sea of Azov Utigurs.
		Sabirs in Daghestan SE of other two Hunnic hordes, between Daryal Gorge and Kuma River on the Caspian Sea.
	www.turkleronline.com /turkler/turk_turuk/koken_isim/datelines/sabirs.htm (634 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Justinian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Faced with this attack and without any forces for defense, Justinian called Belisarius out of retirement, and Belisarius, using a scratch force, the core of which was 300 of his veterans, ambushed the Kutrigur horde and routed it.
		The news that Justinian was reinforcing his Danube fleet made the Kutrigurs anxious and they agreed to a treaty which gave them a subsidy and safe passage back across the river.
		The Kutrigurs raided Thrace again in 562, but they and the Utigurs were soon to fall prey to the Avars who swept out of the Asian steppes in the early 560s.
	www.byzantios.net /justinian/Justinian.htm (10003 words)

	Bulgars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bulgars - · A nomadic group from the Ukraine, perhaps related to the Huns, they began to penetrate Thrace and raid from early 500s.
		Two subunits, the Utrigurs in the East, and the Kutrigurs in the West, could be used against each other.
		From 540s, they began to lead Slavs as far as southern Greece.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/middle1/terms/term_52.html (68 words)

	History of the Macedonian People from Ancient times to the Present - Part XV, by Risto Stefov
		But as soon as they were north of the Danube they were attacked by their rivals the Utigurs who were incited by Justinian to steal their booty.
		The Huns (Kutrigurs) may have been beaten but were not destroyed and came back in 562 AD to raid Thrace.
		The Huns and their rivals the Utigurs soon fell prey to a new horde of barbarians, the Avars, who in the early 560s swept out of the Asian steppes.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/stefov35.html (7424 words)

	from 6th to the 9th Century
		A warlike nation, well organized under a leader whose title was rendered into Greek by the Byzantine writers as Xaganos (Khagan), the Avars exploited the opposition between the Germanic tribes of the Lombards and Gepids in order to become the incontestable masters of the area to the north of the river Sava.
		The powerful state that they founded extended from the Danube to the Dnieper and the Baltic Sea and included as its subjects other Turanic peoples, such as the Utigurs and the Kutrigurs, as well as Slavs.
		In their raids against the Byzantine empire, the Avars were accompanied by bands of their subject populations, especially the Slavs, to the point that we can speak of Avaro-Slav raids.
	www.macedoniansincanada.com /from_6th%20to%20the%209th%20Century.htm (854 words)

	First Bulgarian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When the Gök Turks lost their hold over the Pontic steppes in the mid 600's, many Turkic and non-Turkic nomad peoples asserted their independence, the most important among them the Sabir, Khazars and Bulgars.
		Under Khan Kubrat, who united the Kutrigurs and Utrigurs, the two main Bulgar hordes, the Bulgars founded an empire centered on the Azov region but stretching as far east as the Volga and as far west as the Carpathians.
		Swept westward in the great movement of steppe peoples that brought the Huns and later the Avars to Europe, some Bulgar tribes settled in Pannonia, where they were dominated by the Avars and took part in their campaigns against the Franks, Lombards, and Byzantines.
	lccb.scripps.edu /~amatov/bg11.html (2334 words)

	SparkNotes: Early Middle Ages (475-1000): From Eastern Roman Revanche to Byzantium under Siege I: Justinian I (527-565) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first was the Bulgars, a nomadic group from the Ukraine perhaps related to the Huns.
		An insurrection in Visigothic Spain allowed a small force sent by Justinian to occupy a small sector of southern Spain, giving Constantinople a toe-hold on all parts of the Mediterranean Roman core.
		In the late 550s, the Persian war re-ignited, while in 559, the Kutrigur Bulgars led most of the Slavs over the Danube and pillaged into the Balkans.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/middle1/section3.rhtml (2877 words)

	THE TIMELINE OF THE RAIDS ACROSS DANUBE;ETHNICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FACTS FROM ZENON TO HERACLIUS, CONCLUSIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is the third and concluding part of a study meant to draw the archaeological expectation for the last century of the Roman limes, beyond Danube (see also Teodor E 2002 and 2003).
		The sudden Slaves silence on the left river shore, for a long quarter century (552-577), is read off by Florin Curta (2001) as a consequence of limes re-establishing by Justinian; that could be true, but I should think rather to the increasing pressure put on by nomads (Kutrigurs in ‘50s and Avars in ‘60s).
		The maximum Slaves activity in the Lower Danube Plain is expected from the late ‘70s until the second decade of the seventh century, when they are supposed to be passed on the right shore.
	www.mnir.ro /publicat/anuar/16/teo.htm (380 words)

	Huns
		Byzantine’s Anagast procured Khan Dengizik's head after he was killed and sent it to Constantinople where it was displayed atop of a spear.
		Kutrigurs never forgot Utigur Hernach's refusal of help.
		Kutrigurs to between Dnieper and Don Rivers, NW from Sea of Azov Utigurs.
	www.turkleronline.com /turkler/turk_turuk/koken_isim/datelines/huns.htm (4674 words)

	Mavi Boncuk: 13/06/04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Krum came of the Kutrigur Bulgars of Pannonia who had entered Europe in Justinian's reign and became more or less subject to the Avars from 567.
		The third son, Asparukh, seems to have opposed the Khazars in the lands between the Dnjepr and Dnjestr, before he led his people to the lower Danube, where the Byzantine sources first mention this particular Bulgar group in 681.
		Some say that Asparukh's Bulgars was mainly composed of Kutrigur tribes, who were already active in the Balkans a few centuries earlier.
	maviboncuk.blogspot.com /2004_06_13_maviboncuk_archive.html (14868 words)

	bilig23abstract5
		But the word Kotroman could not be explained, and thus origin of the dynasty was discussed leading some theories like Germanic origin.
		The first part of this word is likely Kotur, a well-attested antroponym among Bulgar Turks, as well as name of a Bulgar tribe (singular Kotrag, plural Koturogur / Kutrigur).
		Those who invaded Bosnia in the name of the Avar khaganate were Kutrigurs, and they were told about as a people in Herzegovina even in the second half of the 15th century.
	www.yesevi.edu.tr /bilig/biligEng/bilig23/Abstract23.5.htm (319 words)

	FOR THE MEMORY OF THE AVAR KHAGANS
		Here I note, and this will not be repeated, that at some points I have to translate Hungarian Academic orthography of Chinese to English or Turkish, which is by no means unequivocal.
		Since An-lo-ch’en, son of the last independent Juan-juan Kagan remained on the East, the migrants must have elected a nontrivial successor.
		However it seems that this is a chronologic error and the event happened 50 years later (see there).
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/AVARS.htm (2960 words)

	Pan Bulgarian Message Board: not much really
		I think it is also important to look beyond the Bulgars of Doulo.
		Kutrigurs, Kutigurs, Onogundurs, etc What happened to them?
		The Volga-Bulgars f ex kept the title KHAN til late they weren't Christianised.
	members3.boardhost.com /PanBolgarian/msg/3920.html (92 words)

	onogurs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Caucasus, Dagestan, Kutrigurs, Utigurs, Kubrat, Asparukh, Asparuh Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs It is commonly accepted that the documentary evidence contain only data about the...
		The latter were the first to descend on the Balkans, reaching the walls of...
		These Ogur tribes, who settled to the north of the Caucasus, raided the Byzantine territories...
	onogurs.networklive.org (292 words)

	The HUNS \| hunnica.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These officers served as administrators and commanders who had direct control over a small “personal” army.
		An example is provided after the death of Attila; his first born son Ellak becomes Khan of the Sabirs, his second born son becomes Khan of Kutrigurs and Irnik, his youngest son, become Khan of Utigurs.
		A famous tradition among the Huns was to scar the faces of young boys, in order to inflict fear upon their enemies.
	www.hunnica.com /culture.htm (210 words)

	teodosie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The thesist assertion is even more surprising, considering the so said Bulgarians were a nomadic population by Turkic origin, non-Indo-European one, coming from Asia.
		They were firstly recorded under the name of Huns and Kutrigurs in the year 384, occupying the steppes from the Northern Caucasus up to The Azov Sea.
		After the fall of the Hunnish confederation in the mid of 5th century, some Bulgarians have moved to the West side of the Nipre river, especially together with other populations, organizing devastating robbery attacks, against the Byzantine empire.
	www.arhiepiscopiatomisului.ro /i_istoric/cumsemistifica/engleza.html (1554 words)

	Virtual Macedonia Forums - My brothers!
		The name that he gives them is Royal Scythians, as he recorded the Royal Scythians ruled over all other Scythian tribes.
		The main tribes that composed the Royal Scythians were the Kutrigurs and Onogurs.
		After the death of Attila his youngest son Ernik, heads the Kutrigur and Onogur tribes and shortly after the year 400 AD the word Bulgar becomes a synonym of the word Hun as recorded in chronologies.
	archives.vmacedonia.com /6411.htm (5482 words)

	TurkicWorld
		Onogurs had towns - in earlier times they had built town of Bakat.
		Byzantium, with a skillful diplomacy, incite Uturgurs against Kutrigurs, and Uturgurs attack Kutugurs
		Last incursion by Kutigur Bulgars into Byzantium, stopped by Byzantium's instigating internecine wars between two most powerful branches, Kutigur (Kutrigur) and Utigur.
	sophistikatedkids.com /turkic/70%20Dateline/72%20Bulgars/bulgar%20dateline%203%20En.htm (3637 words)

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