
	Where results make sense

Topic: Kuznets curve

Related Topics

Simon Kuznets

In the News (Fri 9 Jan 09)

Brad Pitt

Jennifer Garner

Boston College

Steve Ballmer

Rod Blagojevich

Phil Schiller

Gaza City

Jermain Defoe

Lindsay Lohan

Bill Richardson

	[No title]
		In particular, we examine the impact of globalisation on inequality (section 3) and on environmental degradation (section 4) by devoting particular attention to the Kuznets curve and the environmental Kuznets curve, respectively.
		As is well known, Kuznets (1955) observed that inequality tends to increase during the early stages of growth to decrease later on, describing an inverted-U shaped relationship between per capita income (on the horizontal axis) and income inequality (on the vertical axis).
		This relationship, called Kuznets curve (henceforth KC) after the name of the author, was very popular during the 1970s when it was taken as an empirical regularity of the economy (Ahluwalia 1976, Robinson 1976).
	paricenter.com /library/papers/borgjhesi01.php (6645 words)

	aBetterEarth.Org - Environmental Kuznets Curve
		The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesizes that, somewhere along the line, developing countries reach a "turning point" beyond which further economic growth leads to less environmental pollution.
		Bruce Yandle, et al., "Environmental Kuznets Curves: A Primer"
		Mendonca, et al., "Poverty and Environmental Degradation: the Kuznets Environmental Curve for the Brazilian Case"
	www.abetterearth.org /Core_Concepts/coreid.2529/core_detail.asp (271 words)

	Simon Kuznets Summary
		Simon Kuznets was born in Kharkov, Russia, in 1901.
		From 1931 until 1936, Kuznets was a part-time professor at the University of Pennsylvania and as professor of Economics and Statistics from 1936 until 1954.
		Kuznets was also one of the earliest workers on development economics, in particular collecting and analyzing the empirical characteristics of developing countries (1965, 1966, 1971, and 1979).
	www.bookrags.com /Simon_Kuznets (1629 words)

	Kuznets curve - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Kuznets curve is the graphical representation of Simon Kuznets's theory ('Kuznets hypothesis') that economic inequality increases over time, then at a critical point begins to decrease.
		Kuznets curve diagrams show an inverted U curve, although variables along the axes are often mixed and matched, with inequality or the Gini coefficent on the Y axis and economic development, time or per capita incomes on the X axis.
		Kuznets' conclusion that inequality must increase before decreasing, however, rests on shaky ground, because he used cross-sectional data of many countries during the same time period, rather than time series data that showed the progression of individual countries' development.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Kuznets_curve (796 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Simon Kuznets
		From 1931 until 1936, Kuznets was a part-time professor at the University of Pennsylvania and as professor of Economics and Statistics from 1936 until 1954.
		Kuznets, however, was neither a Keynesian nor an econometrician - he took his cues from Mitchell's Institutionalism - as exemplified in his 1930 methodological pieces.
		Kuznets was also one of the earliest workers on development economics, in particular collecting and analyzing the empirical characteristics of developing countries (1965, 1966, 1971, and 1979).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Simon-Kuznets (2446 words)

	The Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Review of Findings, Methods, and Policy Implications
		A chart showing an Environmental Kuznets Curve reveals how a specific measurement of environmental quality changes as the income of a nation or other large human community changes.
		This study updates and extends the earlier PERC study, "The Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Primer," by Bruce Yandle, Maya Vijayaraghavan, and Madhusudan Bhattarai (PERC Research Study 02-1, March 2002).
		At present, he is studying irrigation impacts in Asia and interbasin and intersectoral water transfers and conducting a global-level analysis to establish a relationship between irrigation development and societal development level (an Environment Kuznets Curve for irrigation).
	www.perc.org /publications/research/kuznets2.php (951 words)

	Proquest-CSA Discovery Guides, Environmental Economics
		The Kuznets curve represents the theory that economic inequality increases as a country develops industry, then begins to decrease as an economy approaches maturity.
		environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), which holds that as countries develop they generate large amounts of pollution, but this shrinks as they approach economic maturity.
		Studies done on this are complex and contradictory, and the relevance of the Environmental Kuznet curve seems to vary according to situation.
	www.csa.com /discoveryguides/envecon/review4.php (532 words)

	PKT message, Re: Kuznets Curve
		According to Kuznets (1965 [1955]), examination of the historical experience of a few presently developed nations shows that, at very low levels of per capita GNP, great inequality was limited by the minimal subsistence requirements of individuals with the lowest incomes.
		This was explicitly denied by Kuznets himself, who emphasized the crucial importance of recognizing "the major differences between underdeveloped countries today and the presently developed countries in their pre-industrial phase, and the much greater obstacles to economic growth in underdeveloped areas that these differences imply" (1965 [1960], pp.
		Kuznets' U-hypothesis was a self-described "collection of hunches" which proposed specific causal relationships between factors relevant to development and inequality.
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/pkt/2001m12/msg00229.htm (1900 words)

	Simon Kuznets
		Simon Kuznets was born in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on April 30, 1901; he moved to the United States with his father in 1922.
		From 1931 until 1936, Kuznets was a part-time professor at the University of Pennsylvania; becoming a full-time professor 1936 until 1954.
		Simon Kuznets was elected president of the American Economics Association in 1954.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/kuznets.html (297 words)

	Irrigation Kuznets Curve, Governance and Dynamics of Irrigation Development -
		The "Socio economics" category is a sub topic and information is categorized by socio economics and investmens in relation to water conservation and use.
		The major purpose of this study is to empirically test the hypothesis that there is a systematic relationship between irrigation development and a society's per capita income level.
		In line with the relationship between income and other environmental factors in past studies, the irrigation-income relationship is tested in this study using the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis referred to as the EKC relationship for irrigation, or as the Irrigation Kuznets Curve hypothesis.
	www.wca-infonet.org /cds_static/en/rrigation_kuznets_curve_governance_dynamics_en_1185_126890.html (327 words)

	Simon Kuznets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From 1931 until 1936, Kuznets was a part-time professor at the University of Pennsylvania and as professor of Economics and Statistics from 1936 until 1954.
		Kuznets, however, was neither a Keynesian nor an econometrician - he took his cues from Mitchell's Institutionalism - as exemplified in his 1930 methodological pieces.
		Kuznets was also one of the earliest workers on development economics, in particular collecting and analyzing the empirical characteristics of developing countries (1965, 1966, 1971, and 1979).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simon_Kuznets (666 words)

	PAPANEK - KYN: Flatenning the Kuznets Curve
		After reporting (in Table 1) the results for the intertemporal Kuznets Curve, the bulk of the paper analyses a combination of the effects of the inter-temporal and cross-country Kuznets Curves.
		The resulting estimated parameters for the two Kuznets Curve variables — and also their standard errors and t-statistics — are exactly the same as if the regressions were run on the original variables but with country dummies.
		The joint significance of the Kuznets Curve variables has a probability value of only 16 percent to 26 percent, that is barely significant to insignificant.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/okyn/OKpers/Income_Distribution/Kuznets_Curve_2/kuznets2_res_hypo1.htm (1597 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Kuznets,
		Kuznets, Simon KUZNETS, SIMON [Kuznets, Simon], 1901-85, American economist, b.
		The plausible causality and correlation between the Kuznets' Inverted-U Hypothesis, macroeconomic variables, and technology.
		Preferences, technology, and the environment: understanding the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(derivation of a simple expression for the income-pollution path using the standard static model of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC).)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Kuznets, (286 words)

	Environmental Kuznets Curve
		The EKC mainly determines the long-run and is very important to understand this relationship for policy.
		Kuznets (1955) found an inverted u-shape relationship to income equality and economic development.
		Shafits (1994) found an N-shaped curve for fecal coliform in rivers, not applying to EKC.
	home.sandiego.edu /~milbourn/kuznet.php (675 words)

	[No title]
		This pattern has come to be known as the Kuznets curve, an inverted U-shaped curve one would observe under these assumptions, with the level of real per capita income on the horizontal axis and a measure of income inequality, such as the Gini coefficient, on the vertical axis.
		It was first labeled the “environmental Kuznets curve” by Panayotou (1993, 1997) and was empirically observed in several studies (Grossman and Krueger, 1991, 1995; Shafik and Bandyopdhyay, 1992; Selden and Song, 1994).
		THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE As a result of the Club of Rome studies (Meadows et al, 1972) during the 1970s the view became widespread that material throughput rose with industrial growth and that this material throughput would result in pollution, hence pollution would also rise with industrial growth and more generally with economic growth.
	cob.jmu.edu /rosserjb/Inst.Ev.Kuznets.curve.doc (4908 words)

	Kuznets curve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kuznets curve is the graphical representation of Simon Kuznets's theory ('Kuznets hypothesis') that economic inequality increases over time, then at a critical point begins to decrease.
		KUZNETS RATIO is a measurement of the proportion of income going to the highest earnings (20%), dividing it by the poorest proportion of the society.
		Economic historians have since used skill gap theories and the theories of capital concentration in early economies from classical economists and Marxists to further explain the Kuznets curve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kuznets_curve (767 words)

	PAPANEK - KYN: Flatenning the Kuznets Curve
		One can think about an even weaker hypothesis according to which not only the levels but also the slopes of U curves would be country-specific, but this would require the estimation of at least 3 country-specific parameters and therefore would necessitate discarding of all countries with less than four data-points.
		The submodel (3) tests a stronger version of the Kuznets hypothesis, namely that the cross-country Kuznets Curve is the same as the intertemporal one and that it is the same for all the countries of our sample.
		Because we report results of several regression in which groups of variables are sequentially added to the Kuznets Curve variables, for each group we also report a sequence of F-statistics showing the change of its significance as the other groups are added to the regression.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/okyn/OKpers/Income_Distribution/Kuznets_Curve_2/kuznets2_method.htm (1773 words)

	FEEM
		In the case of a major greenhouse gas, CO2, however, the evidence of an inverted-U "Kuznets curve" is at best mixed.
		While all the studies have focused upon the empirical emergence of the environmental Kuznets curve and have typically discussed its implications with special reference to the value of the income turning point, the analysis concerning the robustness of the basic findings has not been, somewhat surprisingly, a major concern.
		The issue of the functional form for the reduced-form relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP appears to be critical for the emergence of a bell shaped curve and for the crucial policy implications that could be drawn from such an empirical finding.
	www.feem.it /Feem/Pub/Publications/WPapers/WP1999-002.htm (555 words)

	Economics 309 » Uncategorized (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He mentions that the curve fails to account for the globalization of polluting and how the effects of it are felt throughout the world no matter where the polluting is done.
		In Torras and Boyce’s article on the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the authors address the current research done by economists such as Krueger and Grossman, which have fundamentally explained “per capita income as the chief explanatory variable”.
		The promise: The Environmental Kuznets curve shows that economic growth harms the environment in the short run.
	leeds.bates.edu /srao/?cat=1 (553 words)

	AG EC 450 - Economic Development and the Environment
		Beyond the point where the MSB and MSC curves intersect, additional environmental protection is not socially desirable because marginal social costs exceed marginal social benefits.
		What the environmental Kuznets curve appears to be telling us is that the derived demand for pollution dominates at low per capita incomes.
		The environmental Kuznets curve arises because of two competing forces, a derived demand for pollution and the social demand for environmental quality.
	450.aers.psu.edu /development_environment.cfm (3043 words)

	Environment and Planning A abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ekins P, 1997, "The Kuznets curve for the environment and economic growth: examining the evidence" Environment and Planning A 29(5) 805 – 830
		The Kuznets curve for the environment and economic growth: examining the evidence
		Full-text is not yet available for this article, but a back-archive is currently being developed and will be launched within the next few months (details and pricing to be announced).
	www.envplan.com /abstract.cgi?id=a290805 (159 words)

	Borghesi 290 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The analogy between the two curves concerns not only their shape, but also the theoretical explanations underlying them and the methodology used in the empirical studies.
		Although the evidence in favor of the curves is not clear-cut, both relationships are the object of a long-lasting debate in the literature for their large policy implications.
		In particular, taking the two curves as stylized facts of the economy, this paper examines possible implications of these empirical regularities on the steady-state equilibrium of the economy.
	www.econ-pol.unisi.it /ab_quaderni/ab290.html (209 words)

	Whither Global Inequality? Reviving an Old Debate - Knowledge@Wharton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		She explained that the main tool economic historians use to understand inequality is the Kuznets curve, named after Simon Kuznets, the Nobel Prize-winning economist.
		The curve — which is shaped like an upside-down U — measures the relationship between income inequality and economic growth.
		Kuznets argued that agrarian societies are marked by low income inequality; as a country begins to industrialize, income inequality increases during the early years, but later it declines as the benefits of development spread across society.
	knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu /article.cfm?articleid=999&CFID=1739115&CFTOKEN=69054878 (1606 words)

	Bush's new economist has a curious prescription. - By Daniel Gross - Slate Magazine
		Under the schemas of influential economists such as Keynes contemporary Nicholas Kaldor and Nobel Memorial Prize-winner Simon Kuznets, governments faced a tough choice in devising fiscal policy.
		…Kuznets did NOT describe inequality as a cause of growth but as a temporary consequence of economic growth.
		Kuznets did not think that inequality causes growth, he did not assert a policy trade-off between equality and growth trade-off, nor did he advocate inequality.
	www.slate.com /id/2083561 (1781 words)

	FEEM
		Since its first inception in the debate on the relationship between environment and growth in 1992, the Environmental Kuznets Curve has been subject to continuous and intense scrutiny.
		The most recent line of investigation criticizes the Environmental Kuznets Curve on more fundamental grounds, in that it stresses the lack of sufficient statistical testing of the empirical relationship and questions the very existence of the notion of Environmental Kuznets Curve.
		Attention is drawn in particular on the stationarity properties of the series involved — per capita emissions or concentrations and per capita GDP — and, in case of unit roots, on the cointegration property that must be present for the Environmental Kuznets Curve to be a well-defined concept.
	www.feem.it /Feem/Pub/Publications/WPapers/WP2006-022.htm (364 words)

	IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
		Thus, as incomes rise, pollution should increase initially and later decline, a relationship often referred to as the "environmental Kuznets curve." This process seems well established for traditional pollutants, such as particulates and sulfur (e.g., World Bank, 1992; Kato, 1996; Viguier, 1999), and there have been some claims that it might apply to GHG emissions.
		Other researchers argue that the Kuznets curve does not apply to GHG emissions (Pearce, 1995; Galeotti and Lanza, 1999, Viguier, 1999).
		The flattening in emissions can be explained by normal market processes and does not appear to result from a willingness to pay to protect the global environment.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc/emission/050.htm (1437 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)