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Topic: KwaNdebele

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	KwaNdbele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"The KwaNdebele Flag shall be a flag consisting of three horizontal stripes of equal width from top to bottom of blue, yellow and green on which shall appear in the centre of the yellow stripes a short knobkerrie erect conjoining to four battle axe heads.
		The blue in the flag was said to represent the colour of the sky and the endlessness of space, thus symbolising the room needed by the Ndebele to fulfil their ideals.
		The KwaNdebele flag was flown alongside the South African national flag until the homeland was re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994.
	www.atlasgeo.net /fotw/flags/za-kndbe.html (411 words)

	S Africa : KwaNdebele Police Decorations, and Medals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The KwaNdebele homeland became self-governing in April 1981.
		The KwaNdebele Police (KNP) was formed c 1987, and was incorporated into the South African Police Service (SAPS) in January 1995.
		A series of decorations and medals was instituted for the KNP in 1987; they became obsolete in January 1995.
	www.geocities.com /militaf/kwan.htm (72 words)

	1
		Kwandebele at the time and that happened by burning down of houses and schools, consumer boycotts, school boycotts, strikes and large scale intimidation and violence and also several murders.
		The government of Kwandebele at that stage was permitted by the South African government.
		They wanted Kwandebele to accept independence but Kwandebele could not obtain independence while these unrests continued and also the Kwandebele government at the time wanted to accept this independence although a large majority of the population here in Kwandebele were opposed to the idea of the independence of Kwandebele.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/hrvtrans/moutse/cronje.htm (6249 words)

	KwaNdebele - Definition, explanation
		KwaNdebele was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government as a semi-independent homeland for the Matabele people.
		Siyabuswa was designated as its capital, but in 1986 the capital was relocated to KwaMhlanga.
		KwaNdebele was re-integrated into South Africa on 26 April 1994.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/k/kw/kwandebele.php (89 words)

	South Africa - Ndebele
		Under apartheid, many Ndebele living in the northern Transvaal were assigned to the predominantly seSotho-speaking homeland of Lebowa, which consisted of several segiments of land scattered across the northern Transvaal.
		KwaNdebele had been carved out of land that had been given to the son of Nyabela, a well-known Ndebele fighter in Kruger's time.
		KwaNdebele was declared a "self-governing" territory in 1981.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-12115.html (959 words)

	nightintro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		KwaNdebele was created as a new reserve in the 1970s as a place for Africans squeezed off commercial farms and other places.
		The director-general's analysis if the causes of the movement of people to KwaNdebele is a supreme example of the self-deception that power can breed; but his assessment of the consequences is entirely accurate.
		Many of the bus riders of KwaNdebele spend five or six hours a day and some as many as eight hours a day traveling and waiting in queues.
	www.history.und.ac.za /visualhistory/Nightintro.htm (508 words)

	KwaNdbele (South African homeland)
		KwaNdebele was a small contiguous territory in the central Transvaal (today's north-western most Mpumalanga).
		The Ndebele of both Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province are not, as commonly thought, offshoots of the Zulu.
		The area is now part of the Mpumalanga Province and the KwaNdebele flag is no longer in use.
	www.atlasgeo.net /fotw/flags/za-nd.html (810 words)

	Ethnicity and Culture in the Lowveld - Nguni: Ndebele, Swazi & Zulu
		Under apartheid, many Ndebele living in the northern Transvaal were assigned to the predominantly seSotho-speaking homeland of Lebowa, which consisted of several segments of land scattered across the northern Transvaal.
		Others, mostly southern Ndebele, who had retained more traditional elements of their culture and language, were assigned to KwaNdebele.
		The homeland was, therefore, prized by Ndebele traditionalists, who pressed for a KwaNdebele independence through the 1980s.
	www.kruger2canyons.com /nguni.htm (2094 words)

	SAPA - 05 Dec 96 - KWANDEBELE POLICE CHIEF SACKED FOR OPPOSING INDEPENDENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Gen Christiaan van Niekerk, commissioner of the KwaNdebele police during a civil war in the mid-eighties about plans for independence, on Thursday told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission he was sacked for opposing independence and for being even-handed in enforcing the law.
		The incoporation of Moutse in KwaNdebele in 1986 was aimed at driving the North Sotho-speaking Moutse people from the area and quashing all resistance to independence, van Niekerk said.
		Van Niekerk's suggestion was that the KwaNdebele constitution be suspended, the cabinet discharged, the parliament dissolved and an administrator named.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/media/1996/9612/s961205b.htm (520 words)

	home5
		the KwaNdebele Police (KNP) was formed in 1987 and incorporated into the South African Police Service in 1994.
		A scarce OLD obsolete pre- 1994 issue African KWANDEBELE POLICE arm shield, colour enamel on a brass metal shield, reverse has 3 clutch pin fittings,.NOTE.
		That KWANDEBELE ceased to exist in 1994 by being incorporated into South Africa, this Police Force was disbanded after that date, these armshields are difficult to find.
	www.polinsignia.com /home5.htm (144 words)

	KwaNdebele Beschreibung in Library - Definition und Buch-Tipp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Eine Übersicht der Artikel, die mit dem Thema KwaNdebele verwandt sind finden Sie auf der Seite alle Artikel über KwaNdebele.
		KwaNdebele (deutsch: Heimat der Ndebele) ist eine ehemaliges Homeland in de
		KwaNdebele wurde 1979 gegründet, am 1.04 1981 bekam es formelle Selbstverwaltungsrechte.
	kwandebele.know-library.net (649 words)

	Ndebele women paint walls
		She would come and stay with us as long as would be necessary to complete a painting around the pool.
		She collected the money, not an easy task because of the bad habits of many Whites when it comes to pay fl workers, would they be artists.
		We visited her and her family several times in Waterval B, KwaNdebele.
	hjmartin.tripod.com /ndebele/ndebele.htm (730 words)

	David Goldblatt Wins 2006 Hasselblad Award - - PopPhotoMarch 2006
		Travellers from KwaNdebele buying their weekly season tickets at the PUTCO depot in Pretoria.
		His 1989 essay and book, The Transportation of KwaNdebele (Aperture), focused on the weary faces of fl workers forced by the physical separation of the races to commute up to eight hours a day to earn a living.
		Since the late '90s Goldblatt has worked in color and large format photography, drawing meaning and social context from studies of South Africa's architecture.
	www.popphoto.com /photographynewswire/2166/david-goldblatt-wins-2006-hasselblad-award-page3.html?print_page=y (477 words)

	The Msiza and Bophuthatswana
		Prominent in the movement were SS Skosana, who was later to become Chief Minister of KwaNdebele, Chief David Maisha Mabhogo, Paramount of the Ndzundza, Chief Mabena of the Manala, and Chief Johannes Shikoane Kekana of the North Ndebele.
		On 21 April 1972 the Nationalist Government announced to the Ndebele leadership the formation of a separate homeland for the South Ndebele, despite their wishes that the two Ndebele groups be included into one governmental authority.
		However, apart from police repression and political intimidation, it was clear that the single most powerful factor standing in the way of political unification between the two groups was their physical relocation to KwaNdebele and consequent loss of ancestral lands.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/specialprojects/kwamsiza/msizaApartheid.htm (2723 words)

	± 2.30am Wolwerkraal, Marabastad Bus, 3 Hours Still to Go, First Passengers of the Day - Victoria and Albert Museum
		The people in these photographs were workers from KwaNdebele, the homeland for Ndebele people, established under the apartheid system of ethnic separation that governed South Africa between 1948 and 1990.
		For some, this meant a three-hour bus journey to Pretoria and then a further one hour of travel by bus, taxi or train to their places of work.
		On this, the homeward journey, their sleep was restless in the extreme, with no place of comfort for head or limbs.
	www.vam.ac.uk /school_stdnts/schools_teach/teachers_resources/resource_boxes/photography_boxes/culture_identity/first_passengers/index.html (392 words)

	Nguni Imports Presents: Virtual Africa
		This homeland was created as part of a government policy which forced the 87% Black population onto ten homelands representing only 13% of the country.
		The KwaNdebele ruling government was violent and corrupt.
		With the first free elections in 1995, KwaNdebele became a state within the new South Africa and their language was declared one of many official languages.
	www.nguni.com /culture/virtualafrica/ndebele/history.html (1368 words)

	Wrestling the tiger -- Monday, Sep. 24, 1984 -- Page 4 -- TIME
		In December the homeland of Kwandebele, a grubby, dirt-poor, fl farming district to the north of Pretoria, will become the country's fifth "independent" homeland, thereby bringing Verwoerd's dream to the halfway mark.
		In the process, another 250,000 fls will be written out of South Africa's official population figures and added to the more than 5 million already classified as citizens of the other four homelands.
		Kwandebele has just one paved road, no resident doctor, an acute water shortage, and employment opportunities for only about 2% of its people.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,923649-4,00.html (663 words)

	Schedule 2
		The former Republics of Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei and the former self-governing territories of Lebowa, Gazankulu, Qwaqwa, KwaZulu, KwaNdebele and KaNgwane
		The former self-governing territories of Lebowa, Gazankulu, Qwaqwa, KwaZulu, KwaNdebele and KaNgwane
		The former Republic of Bophuthatswana and the former self-governing territories of Gazankulu, Qwaqwa and KwaNdebele
	www.acts.co.za /Ntl_Forests/schedule_2.htm (287 words)

	AllRefer.com - South Africa - Ndebele - Sotho \| South African Information Resource
		Others, mostly southern Ndebe le, who had retained more traditional elements of their culture and language, were assigned to KwaNdebele.
		The homeland was, t herefore, prized by Ndebele traditionalists, who pressed for a KwaNdebele independence through the 1980s.
		At least 500,000 Ndebele people lived in u rban centers throughout South Africa and in homelands other than KwaNdebele through the 1980s.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/south-africa/south-africa52.html (1103 words)

	IsiNdebele - UNESCO WORLD LANGUAGES REPORT SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
		During the time of the KwaNdebele Homeland (1970 - 1990), the language gained popularity and grew because of the rediscovery of their identity as a nation.
		After they were defeated, the Ndebeles were forced to work and live on farms over a large area which destroyed their pride as a nation.
		It was only in 1984 when the KwaNdebele Homeland was established that this pride was restored and the people moved back there.
	www.cyberserv.co.za /users/~jako/lang/unesco/isindebele.htm (2960 words)

	Amazon.fr : The Transported of Kwandebele: A South African Odyssey: Livres en anglais: David Goldblatt,Phillip Van ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In words and pictures, this book records the embattled lives of fl South Africans banished to sp is correct/pk KwaNdebele, a segregated "homeland" outside Pretoria.
		Because of the distance between KwaNdebele and the city where nearly all are employed, the workers must endure four- to eight-hour daily bus commutes on rutted roads.
		In Johannesburg-based Goldblatt's (On the Mines) 26 realistically grainy, drowsy fl-and-white duotone photographs, men and women sit slumped in their seats, seeking a brief respite; wait fatigued at bus stops; and otherwise submit to drudgery.
	amazon.fr /Transported-Kwandebele-South-African-Odyssey/dp/0893813664 (328 words)

	SABCnews.com - south_africa/general
		Mahlangu's anti-homeland stance saw him clash with Simon Somkhahlekwa Skosana, the KwaNdebele chief minister, in the early 1980s.
		After defeating George 'Majozi' Mahlangu in KwaNdebele's elections, he became the homeland's last chief minister in April 1990.
		Two months ago, the Nhlapo Commission on Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims began working in the former KwaNdebele capital of KwaMhlanga to restore traditional leaders to their rightful positions.
	www.sabcnews.com /south_africa/general/0,2172,110730,00.html (571 words)

	trc
		He told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's amnesty committee here that he, Deon Gouws -- who was a former member of the same unit -- and askari Joe Mamasela shot the nine at a house in Vlaklaagte in June that year.
		Oosthuizen and Gouws are applying for amnesty for their role in the killing of the "KwaNdebele Nine".
		Oosthuizen, a warrant officer at the time, said the men were brought to Vlaklaagte by Mamasela, who told them they were to receive a crash course in handling AK-47 assault rifles.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1999/04/14/southafrica/TRC.HTM (313 words)

	120,000 Blacks Saved From Homeland Status - New York Times
		South Africa's highest court today struck down a 1985 decision by the Government to forcibly incorporate a fl community of 120,000 people into KwaNdebele, a tribal homeland.
		Lawyers said the landmark decision would frustrate the Pretoria Government's policy of declaring tribal areas to be ''independent.'' It also represented a major human rights breakthrough for the 120, 000 people of the community, Moutse, they said.
		The Government will have to reconsider the whole question of independence for the homeland,'' said Professor John Dugard, director of the Center for Applied Legal Studies at Witwatersrand University.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DF1631F933A05750C0A96E948260 (146 words)

	Amandebelekamusi.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Moutse area which was under the durisdiction of Lebowa homeland was to be incorporated into KwaNdebele homeland as a condition for KwaNdebele's independence.
		-27 April 1994 KwaNdebele Homeland becomes one of the Ten apartheid Bantustan structures to be abolished to make way for a democratic despensation in South Africa.Of the ten self governing territories, four called TBVC states were totally independent.Plans for KwaNdebele independence were marred and botched by the violent uprisings in 1986.
		It was a case of mistaken identity when a sixty-eight year old Moses Mathabe was picked by iMbokotho and taken to a hall in Siyabuswa where he was allegedly stjamboked in the hall.
	www.amandebelekamusi.com /archives/cinsight_A.html (10324 words)

	MEETING TO DISCUSS THE FUTURE OF KWANDEBELE/MOUTSE AND MORETELE II
		MEETING TO DISCUSS THE FUTURE OF KWANDEBELE/MOUTSE AND MORETELE II ANC NEC members Valli Moosa, Tokyo Sexwale and Matthew Phosa led their respective delegations to a meeting in Johannesburg, today 7 Aug, to discuss the future of Kwandebele, Moutse and Moretele II.
		The meeting was informed that residents of the affected areas are not being admitted as patients at Gauteng health facilities.
		It was also noted that the majority of workers from the former Kwandebele areas commute daily to different areas in Gauteng.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/pr/1995/pr0807e.html (358 words)

	Green Left - Strikes cripple homelands
		In late March, the Transitional Executive Council appointed two administrators to run Lebowa, in the northern Transvaal, after strikes by public servants led to the virtual collapse of services.
		KwaZulu and Natal, Venda, Lebowa, Transkei and KwaNdebele have been hit by strikes by nurses, ambulance workers, teachers, and civil servants.
		In Bisho, Ciskei, student nurses are on strike.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1994/139/9994 (660 words)

	Volume TWO Chapter FIVE
		For the purposes of this chapter, the KwaZulu government, the KwaZulu Police (KZP) and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), formerly the Inkatha Cultural Liberation Movement, are examined together, based on the argument that they were seen and treated as mutually indistinguishable in the period of the Commission’s mandate.
		The conflict in KwaNdebele and Moutse in the mid-1980s dramatically illustrated this dynamic.
		KwaNdebele also shows a large number of violations in that region: see the separate section on KwaNdebele below for more on these conflicts.
	www.goshen.edu /library/EMBARGO/2chap5.htm (18975 words)

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