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Topic: Kwantung

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	The Kwantung versus the Siberian Army, October 21, 1941.
		The Kwantung versus the Siberian Army, October 21, 1941.
		The Kwantung Army, on the other hand, has doubled in strength since July 1, 1941, and it is fairly certain that Japan will continue to strengthen this army with whatever men and equipment she can spare from China and Japan Proper.
		Increased aid to China, to enable the latter to continue to pin to the ground in North, Central and South China the bulk of the Japanese Army.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/timeline/411021amie.html (512 words)

	Kwantung Leased Territory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kwantung Leased Territory (Chinese: 關東州, 关东州, Guāndōngzhōu; Japanese: 関東州, Kantōshu) was a territory in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula in northeastern China that existed from 1898 to 1945.
		It was one of the numerous concessions that China was compelled to award to foreign countries at the end of the 19th century.
		Japan established the Kwantung governor-general to administer the newly leased territory and the Kwantung garrison, reorganized in 1919 under the name of the Kwantung Army, to defend it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kwantung_Leased_Territory (523 words)

	Lone Sentry: Smoke in the Attack -- A Study by the Kwantung Army (U.S. WWII Intelligence Bulletin, July 1945)
		During large-scale maneuvers in Manchuria, the Kwantung Army—one of the enemy's most highly trained and experienced units—experimented elaborately with the use of smoke in offensive operations.
		The Kwantung Japs concluded that the proper use of smoke on a large scale enabled infantrymen to come to grips with a defending enemy, and to penetrate his positions, against a minimum of defensive fire.
		If a Japanese battalion or company were to conduct a smoke-infantry attack as outlined by the Kwantung observers, the attacking force would be divided into two or more waves before the assault.
	www.lonesentry.com /articles/jp_smoke (1107 words)

	Kantogun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The unit was originally established in 1906 as the Kwantung Garrison to defend the Kwantung Leased Territory and the areas adjacent to the South Manchurian Railway.
		Since the reorganization of 1919, this military unit was called the Kwantung Army.
		Although the Kantogun was nominally subordinate to the Japanese High Command, its leadership demonstrated significant self-determination, as conspirators in the Army plotted the assassination of Zhang Zuolin in 1928 and the Manchurian Incident (1931) leading to the foundation of Manchukuo in 1932.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kwantung_Army (580 words)

	Russo-Japanese War
		The Kwantung Army determination to test the outer frontier of the USSR in 1938 through to 1940, was a continuation of two decades of probing.
		The Kwantung Army had been misled, and many Japanese officers were away from their units at the time of the attack.
		The Kwantung Army's pride was salved by a reminder that once Japan had secured its goal in the south the contest with the USSR could then be resumed.
	zhukov.mitsi.com /Russo.htm (2297 words)

	Battlefield Operational Functions And The Soviet Campaign Against Japan In 1945
		The Kwantung Army's most comprehensive defense positions were along the eastern and northern borders, whereas the western defenses consisted of, for the most part, scattered strong points.
		The Kwantung Army's use of fires was constrained by its comparative lack of weapons, and its general shortage of ammunition.
		For example, one source reports that the Kwantung Army of August 1945 only had 500-600 rounds per artillery piece and an astonishingly low 100 rounds per rifle.39 Furthermore, the Japanese 2nd Air Army possessed only 40 bombers.40 At the tactical level, Japanese fire support units tend- ed to be positioned in prepared fortifications.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1995/HAL.htm (5123 words)

	Wikinfo \| Kwantung Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Many of its personnel, such as Hideki Tojo the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, were promoted to high positions in both the military and civil government.
		Although the Kwantung Army was nominally subordinate to the Japanese High Command, its leadership demonstrated significant self-determination, as conspirators in the Army plotted the assassination of Zhang Zuolin in 1928 and the Manchurian Incident (1931) leading to the foundation of Manchuguo in 1932.
		The Kwantung Army was also responsible for the operation of several of Imperial Japan's infamous biological warfare experimentation program facilities, Unit 100 and Unit 731.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Kwantung_Army (597 words)

	JAPAN'S DARK BACKGROUND 1881-1945
		The Kwantung Army grew from the invasion and occupation army sent to Manchuria during the war with Russia in 1905.
		Kwantung Army troops move into Tsinan under the cover story of hundreds of Japanese citizens being killed there (really the number is 13).
		While the Kwantung Army was brought somewhat under control, the damage it had already wrought would be enough, putting its brand of militarist in control of the government.
	www.fortunecity.com /tattooine/leiber/50/bds1.htm (13276 words)

	Combined Arms Research Library
		Kwantung Army headquarters staff officers regarded themselves as the guardians of Japan's frontiers, in Man churia's case a frontier for which over 160,000 Japanese casualties in the Russo-Japanese War had paid in blood.
		Although the Kwantung Army had rapidly conquered Manchuria and with equal speed created a satellite state, its ultimate success could not be assured as long as the Soviet Union threatened the new Japanese possession on three sides.
		Kwantung Army officers and, eventually after accepting the fait accompli, their counterparts on the general staff in Tokyo viewed the creation of Manchukuo as an intermediate step in Japanese preparations for a war with the Soviets.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/drea2/drea2.asp (18184 words)

	Japan and Emperor Hirohito to 1936
		Japan's army in Manchuria, the Kwantung army, was in charge of law and order in southern Manchuria, and it demanded an apology from the Chinese and a promise that such an incident would not happen again.
		By mid-November, the Kwantung army was in control of the sparsely populated northern portion of Manchuria.
		The international community was shocked by the ferocity of the fighting, which lasted one month, the Japanese using their navy guns, aircraft, incendiary bombs and bombing China's capital, Nanjing.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch18.htm (4600 words)

	The Soviet-Japanese War Japan Alternate History
		The Kwantung Army’s determination to defend the outer frontier of Manchukuo in 1938 was a continuation of two decades of Soviet probing and provocations; and this was one of Japan's reasons to sign the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany in 1936.
		Imperial headquarters’ mistake, and the Kwantung Army command's mistake, was demonstrated in July 1938, in a hilly area on the eastern border of Manchukuo, close to Korea, known as Changkuofeng.
		Here the Kwantung Army had deployed their elite divisions as well as the bulk of their armor; ambushing Soviet infantry in the mountains and cutting them off from their supplies.
	www.angelfire.com /gundam/japanese_empire/altjap/sjw.htm (5853 words)

	Nomonhan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The genesis of the Kwantung Army, 1905–29; 2.
		To the Kwantung Army’s provocation of September 1931; 3.
		A Japanese force, the Yamagata detachment, was being sent by the Kwantung Army to defeat a Soviet unit that had crossed the Halha river, into what the Russians believed was Soviet territory, but the Japanese claimed as their own.
	www.changingthetimes.net /bookreviews/nomonhan.htm (1672 words)

	Ten Tigers from Kwantung (1979)
		Some gonzo moments toward the end of the picture (a golden weapon shaped like a naked woman, geysers of blood, and a brutal decapitation) add some much needed spice to the proceedings, but unfortunately, it's yet another case of too little too late.
		In many ways, Ten Tigers of Kwantung proves to be a case of six or seven tigers too many.
		There are certainly some nice performances and several impressive martial arts sequences, but thanks to a convoluted plot and poor character development, the resulting film is nothing more than a star-studded, but otherwise run-of-the-mill chopsocky flick.
	www.lovehkfilm.com /reviews/ten_tigers_from_kwantung.htm (677 words)

	Leavenworth Papers No. 7 (August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria)
		The Kwantung Army was a venerable force whose name for years had evoked the respect of prospective foes.
		Formed in 1919 to defend Kwantung territory, and responsible for all of Manchuria after the Japanese seizure of the region in 1931, the Kwantung Army had grown into a formidable force of one million men by 1941.
		As the Kwantung Army weakened, planning shifted from the offense (before 1944) to realistic defense (in September 1944) and ultimately to acceptance of the need to delay on the borders and defend deeper in Manchuria (in 1945).
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp (12388 words)

	1931 World History - Din Timelines
		Units of the Japanese Kwantung Army attack the Chinese 7th Brigade at its barracks near Mukden.
		The Japanese government widely used the term "Kwantung Army" to refer to forces and claimed it couldn't control them, when, in fact, the military's control was always firm.
		Mukden is bombed and the Kwantung Army seizes banks, city buildings and utilities.
	din-timelines.com /1931_timeline.shtml (606 words)

	The Failure of the Tokyo Trial
		Heitaro Kimura: Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, deputy minister of the Army, army commander in Bunna, where he was responsible for the brutalization of Allied POWs especially to build the Siain-Bunna Railway.
		Kwantung Army; Chief of General Staff representing Japan to sign the Instrument of Surrender on the USS Missouri.
		Jiro Minanii: Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army, Minister of the Army, Governor of Korea, and an early leader advocating the "Holy War" against China.
	www.centurychina.com /wiihist/japdeny/tokyo_trial.html (3029 words)

	Kwantung moerasschildpad (Chinemys nigricans) – Darrell Senneke
		Dikwijls verward met de aanverwante Chinese driekielschildpad, hebben veel mensen de neiging de Kwantung moerasschildpad af te wijzen als “een Reeve’s die ‘een beetje anders’ is of ‘op steroïden’ zit”.
		De kleur is van een totaal donker bruin met lichte strepen in zijn hals, de plastron is schaars gemarkeerd met donkere plekken op een lichte achtergrond.
		De Kwantung moerasschildpad jongen nemen snel te veel aangeboden voedsel aan.
	www.chelonia.org /Articles/Cnigricanscare_nl.htm (1495 words)

	Japan's Military Aggression in East Asia 1931 -1937
		When Japan acquired Port Arthur on the Kwantung Peninsular of southern Manchuria as one of the fruits of its victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, a Kwantung Army was established to occupy the peninsula, patrol the Japanese-owned South Manchuria Railway zone, and generally protect other Japanese commercial interests in Manchuria.
		The Kwantung Army included extremist officers who were well aware that senior officers of their army harboured plans to extend Japan's boundaries on the Asian mainland by military force.
		The failure to punish the murder of a foreign political leader by officers of the Kwantung Army in Manchuria clearly demonstrated that the imperial government had lost control of extremists in the Japanese Army, and the Tanaka government felt obliged to resign in July 1929.
	www.users.bigpond.com /battleforaustralia/historicalbackground/JapMilaggro.html (1665 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		The son of an army officer, Tojo was born in Tokyo, and educated at the Imperial Military Academy.
		An extreme militarist and advocate of total war, he became army chief of staff in 1937, commanding the Japanese Kwantung army against the Chinese in Manchuria.
		In 1940 he was made minister of war in the Japanese cabinet, and in 1941, two months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he was appointed prime minister.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=224240 (167 words)

	RESISTANCE WARS -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Certainly, Japanese already forgot that 560,000 Kwantung Army [consisting of Japanese backup, reserves and militia] were exiled by Stalin to Russian Siberia for coolie labor, with about half of them never making their way home.
		Liu Feng stated that Kwantung Army pulled ahead the provocation to Sept 18th from Sept 28th as a result of an investigation by emissary of Japanese government.
		Frank E. Smitha, stated that "the Kwantung army drove the provincial government, headed by Zhang Xueliang, out of Mukden and occupied a number of strategic points, including all Chinese towns within a radius of 200 miles north of Mukden, which they accomplished in four days..." Doihara Kenji assumed the post of Shenyang mayor on 19th.
	www.republicanchina.org /war.html (12248 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Japan News and Japanese Business and Economy
		Chief of Staff, Kwantung Army, 1936-37; minister of war, 1938-39; chief, army general staff, 1939; commander in Korea, 1941; Supreme War Council, 1943; commander in Singapore, 1945.
		Chief of Staff, Kwantung Army, 1940-41; vice minister of war, 1941-43; Supreme War Council, 1943; army commander in Burma, 1944-45.
		Was known among the Korean population as "the Tiger of Korea" because of his brutality.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/GI08Dh02.html (1086 words)

	Amazon.com: "Kwantung Army": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		1 The Genesis of the Kwantung Army, 1905-29 Here in the hinterland of far Manchuria, Hundreds of leagues from the homeland, The setting sun reddens the stones...
		First, under the guidance of the garrison force known as the Kwantung Army, thousands spilled their blood in a series of military campaigns from 1931 to 1933 collectively designated the Manchurian Incident.
		Key Phrases: Zhang Xueliang, Kwantung Army, Zhang Zuolin, Chiang Kaishek, Zhang Jinghui, Manchurian Incident, Yan Baohang, Kingly Way, League of Nations, Wang Huayi, North China, Che Xiangchen, Northeastern Army, Support Society, Zhang Zuoxiang, Manchurian Chinese, Yuan Jinkai, Special Zone, Three Eastern Provinces, Wan Fulin, Wang Delin, Ding Chao, Nonni River, Shanghai Incident, Sino-Japanese War
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Kwantung-Army (477 words)

	korea-jp
		Involved in the br utalization of the Allied POWs and was the field commander in Burma when civilian and POW slave labor built and died on the Siam-Burma Railway.
		Vice minister of war, 1932; chief of staff, Kwantung Army, 1932-34; army commander in Korea, 1935-38; minister of overseas affairs, 1939; governor-general, Korea, 1942-44; premier 1944-45.
		Was known among the Korean pop ulation as "the Tiger of Korea" because of his brutality.
	www.kimsoft.com /korea-jp.htm (668 words)

	Nam Siu Lam Hung Ga Kuen Lineage
		Leung Kwan was born in Nam Hai, Kwantung province.
		Leung Kwan became one of the Ten Tigers of Kwantung and his fame was known throughout the south of China.
		Lai Ng Sam was born in 1927 in Futshan, a village in Kwantung.
	www.hunggakuen.com /schools/wei_to_arnhem/lineage.htm (3553 words)

	Military History Online - Nomonhan: The Second Russo-Japanese War
		The Kwantung Army, set up in Port Arthur in 1919, had long been home to the most vocal and the most violent advocates of continued Japanese expansion in China.
		In Japan the Kwantung Army, and the IJA in general, suffered a significant loss of influence.
		The Kwantung Army ceased to be a law unto itself and was brought back under centralized control from Tokyo.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /20thcentury/articles/nomonhan.aspx (3666 words)

	RIA Novosti - Opinion & analysis - Final salvos of World War II
		Secondly, the Kremlin was also interested in defeating the Kwantung Army, liberating China's north-eastern districts (Manchuria) and North Korea, destroying Tokyo's military and economic bases in Asia - a bridgehead for attacking the U.S.S.R. and Mongolia - and assisting Chinese patriots to oust the occupants from their homeland.
		The Kwantung Army repeatedly staged armed provocations against Soviet troops and violated Soviet land and maritime frontiers, as well as air space.
		It was only due to the rapid offensive by the Soviet air- and navy-supported army, powerful artillery strikes, airborne landing behind the enemy lines, and the scattering of the Kwantung Army into unequal and isolated units, that the troops of Emperor Hiroshito were compelled to lay down arms and surrender after August 20.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20050729/41057587.html (1508 words)

	The mind of Ishiwara Kanji (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Troops (The Kwantung Army) were stationed in Manchuria and central China after 1927 as a way to protect Japanese property and lives after a clash between the Chinese Nationalist army and English/Japanese interests in Nanjing, 1927.
		The non-compliance with Japan by Zhang Zuolin, the Manchu warlord, led to his assassination en route from Beijing to Manchuria in 1928.
		It was a plot by the Kwantung army to take over Manchuria in the face of Manchuria’s reunification with China (1928).
	www.indiana.edu /~hisdcl/G369_2002/Japan1930s/kwantungarmy.htm (117 words)

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