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Topic: Kyoto Treaty

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	Encyclopedia: Kyoto Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the Kyoto Protocol is fully implemented and successful, it is predicted to reduce the average global temperature by, given the widest range of estimates, between 0.02°C and 0.28°C by the year 2050.
		The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan.
		Vladimir Putin approved the treaty on November 4, 2004 and Russia officially notified the United Nations of its ratification on November 18, 2004.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kyoto-Treaty (3014 words)

	Kyoto's Goal = Kick the U.S. -- July 2001 Phyllis Schlafly Report
		Kyoto is so manifestly unfair to the United States that the U.S. Senate went on record against it in 1997 by passing the Byrd-Hagel Resolution 95-0 to warn our President that the treaty would not be ratified.
		The Kyoto Protocol is based on the assumption that all countries have a community of interest in cutting CO emissions in order to reduce global warming.
		The Treaty of Nice is designed to lock in the 15 members of the EU and restructure its governing authority to redistribute power more to the larger countries and less to the smaller ones.
	www.eagleforum.org /psr/2001/july01/psrjuly01.shtml (3152 words)

	US rejects possibility of signing Kyoto protocol - smh.com.au
		Under the 1997 Kyoto agreement, rich industrialised countries would be committed to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases by a timeframe of 2008-2012.
		Kyoto is likely to go into effect next year if it is ratified by Russia.
		The treaty needs to be signed by countries that accounted for 55 per cent of carbon dioxide emissions in 1990.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/10/25/1035416938187.html (451 words)

	Kyoto Treaty would have hurt economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Kyoto Global Treaty was aimed at reducing global warming by regulating carbon dioxide emissions of developed nations and the left has heckled the Bush administration for their choice not to sign into this international treaty, which would have had painful repercussions for the American economy.
		We cannot really refer to the Kyoto treaty as a "global" treaty because it was never meant to be a "global" treaty but rather a regulation on business in the industrialized world.
		Enacting the Kyoto Treaty would have been devastating to working class families who would have seen their cost of living climb as energy costs rise.
	www.elon.edu /e-web/pendulum/Issues/2005/03_17/opinions/republicans.xhtml (661 words)

	The Reform Institute \| For Campaign and Election Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All 25 nations of the European Union have ratified the Kyoto accord, and they have created an innovative system for trading rights to emit the carbon dioxide "greenhouse gases" that are thought to be responsible for global warming.
		Kyoto is probably the best example of the differing trajectories of the Bush administration and most of its allies and trading partners.
		Kyoto has more than 140 nations on board; that's a critical mass that will require the world's major companies to adapt to a global market in emissions trading.
	reforminstitute.org /cgi-data/article/files/318.shtml (784 words)

	The Kyoto Treaty: The Solution to Global Warming? (krath.dk)
		The result of the convention was a treaty that generally stated that the emission of carbon dioxide in the year 2012 should be lowered to an amount 5.2% less than emissions in 1990.
		The Kyoto Treaty[10] (also referred to as the Kyoto Protocol) made it possible to trade emissions between countries that had fulfilled their targets and countries still moving towards the target.
		The US also participated in the negotiations of the treaty but many still feared that the treaty was too much and too hard on the economy and that the treaty would intensify the amount of unemployed Americans.
	krath.dk /writing/globalwarming/kyototreaty (1175 words)

	NRDC: Bush Administration Errs on Kyoto Global Warming Agreement
		That view was reiterated recently by the British environment minister, Michael Meacher, who told the BBC that Kyoto was "the only game in town." The European Union, he said, should proceed to ratify the protocol in 2002.
		The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated and signed in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the 1992 treaty signed by George W. Bush's father and ratified by the Senate.
		The Kyoto agreement is consistent with the 1992 treaty principle that developed countries should provide leadership in addressing global warming.
	www.nrdc.org /globalWarming/akyotoqa.asp (1001 words)

	Kyoto Protocol - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		[1] It was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed on March 15, 1999.
		The result is an ongoing "war of words", primarily between the government of Alberta (a major oil and gas producer) and the federal government, although non-governmental climate scientists are becoming increasingly vocal in the press in their opposition to the treaty [8].
		For example, Russia's influential Academy of Sciences (RAN) said the government's decision to approve the Kyoto Protocol was "purely political," and that it had "no scientific justification." [9] The Russian experts told president Putin that Kyoto was scientifically unfounded nonsense.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Kyoto_Protocol (2949 words)

	Langabi.name Blog » Kyoto Treaty takes force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The treaty requires a gradual control, and eventual reduction, of greenhouse gasses by signatory countries, measured relative to their 1990 emission levels.
		The last critiscism of Kyoto is normally made by people on the other side of the fence: green organisations believe that Kyoto is doing far too little.
		The Kyoto treaty, however, weak as it is, seems to me to offer a good mix of smart economics, moral acceptability, and hope for the future.
	langabi.name /blog/2005/02/17/kyoto-treaty (1249 words)

	A Brief History of the Kyoto Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The treaty is legally binding on countries that ratified it.
		Canada ratified the Kyoto protocol, committing to reduce its greenhouse gas emmissions to 6 percent below 1990 levels by 2008-2012.
		The Kyoto Protocol automatically goes into effect 90 days after enough countries have signed, making February 16, 2005 the first day the agreement comes into effect.
	www.greenpeace.ca /e/campaign/climate_energy/depth/kyoto/history.php (913 words)

	spiked-science \| debate \| Kyoto \| No
		Moreover, the effect of Kyoto on the climate will be minuscule - in the order of 0.15 degrees C in 2100, or the equivalent of putting off the feared temperature increase for just six years.
		The global cost of such a Kyoto pact for just one year will be higher than the cost of providing the entire world with clean drinking water and sanitation - something that it is estimated would avoid two million deaths and prevent half a billion people becoming seriously ill every year.
		As the Kyoto Protocol is unlikely to be implemented with global trading, simply because of the staggering amounts involved in distributing the initial emission rights and the subsequent redistribution, Kyoto represents a waste of global resources.
	www.spiked-online.com /articles/00000002D2C3.htm (1198 words)

	kyoto
		The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, scheduled to meet from 1-10 December in Kyoto, is expected to adopt a legally-binding protocol that specifies greenhouse gas reduction targets and timetables.
		The European Union, whose proposal is the most ambitious, plans to meet its targets through a burden-sharing arrangement between its member states, where the most advanced economies take on larger reduction commitments than the poorer nations, in order to reach a net reduction of EU emissions of the combination of three greenhouse gases.
		Two alternative lists were forwarded to Kyoto, with a footnote specifying that G-77/China see the avoidance of adverse effects on developing countries regarding inter-national trade and social, environmen-tal and economic impacts linked to the establishment of `a compensation fund and a clean development fund'.
	www.ictsd.org /html/kyoto.htm (1080 words)

	Global Warming - Kyoto Treaty
		When the Kyoto Treaty was being negotiated in 1998 a strong majority supported the level of emissions cuts proposed, even when informed that the US had originally sought less-deep cuts, and a plurality leaned toward deeper cuts.
		A September 1998 Mellman poll found 79% support for the Kyoto Treaty, with just 7% opposed.[3] Their percentage may be higher than what PIPA found at that time for a number of reasons.
		Related to President Bush's decision to not support the Kyoto Treaty was his decision to not require reductions of carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, despite his campaign promise to do so.
	www.americans-world.org /digest/global_issues/global_warming/gw2.cfm (1183 words)

	The Kyoto Treaty - Sectoral and Regional Economic Impacts
		Their analysis parallels findings by other leading economic forecasters which detail the negative impact this treaty will have on employment, economic output, and standard of life for working families, senior citizens, and those who live on fixed or low-incomes.
		Workers in high-skilled industries who lose their jobs as a result of the Kyoto Protocol will, in most cases, be forced to accept employment in sectors with lower wages and requiring fewer skills, rather than relocating or remaining unemployed for extended periods of time.
		This assumption is identical to that made by the Administration in its "post Kyoto" interpretation of the targets that must be achieved in the budget period.
	www.consad.com /reports/kyoto.htm (3477 words)

	P45 Rant - Kyoto treaty goes into effect
		Washington -- The Kyoto treaty to reduce global warming goes into effect today after seven years of wrangling, harangues and dramatic entrances and exits by Russia and the United States.
		Bush administration officials said the treaty would hurt the economy and be ineffective and discriminatory because large, rapidly industrializing countries such as China and India escape the limits.
		Mountains of paper and oceans of ink have been expended debating Kyoto, but the ultimate fate of the treaty may be determined by what happens under the polar ice caps.
	www.p45rant.com /boards/showthread.php?t=68603 (652 words)

	COP3 - Kyoto Protocol and Conference - Global Issues
		Leading up to the conference, during it, and since, big corporations with financial interests at stake have had a lot of influence in the outcome and on the media.
		At the end of March 2001, U.S. President George Bush (a former failed oil business man) said that he "opposed the Kyoto Protocol." One of the reasons he cited was because India and China would not be subject to Kyoto measures and would increase their emissions.
		This article is summary a of the Kyoto Summit, highlighting very well, the bitter politics and national self-interest that was at work.
	www.globalissues.org /EnvIssues/GlobalWarming/Kyoto.asp (1465 words)

	Online NewsHour: Kyoto Treaty Goes into Effect, U.S. Not Participating -- February 16, 2005
		The restrictions designated by the treaty apply to only 35 of the industrialized countries who signed on, so developing nations like China and India, who are some of the larger polluters, are not covered by the new rules.
		The Kyoto protocol would have imposed unique obligations on the United States, while most countries would have had to make fairly modest reductions to meet the terms of the protocol.
		So we've decided the Kyoto Protocol is not the appropriate approach to pursue reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but the United States Government at the same time spends almost $6 billion a year on federal climate change programs.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/environment/jan-june05/kyoto_2-16.html (2226 words)

	NPR : Kyoto Climate Treaty Takes Effect
		The Kyoto treaty was ratified by 140 nations, with some notable exceptions -- the United States and Australia did not sign the treaty.
		The Bush administration and Congress have decided not to ratify the Kyoto treaty, but climate analysts in the U.S. say attitudes are changing.
		A brief overview of the provisions of the Kyoto climate treaty.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4501636 (469 words)

	US has no confidence in Kyoto Protocol - FinanceGates.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The United States, strongly criticized by the world’s leading nations for its refusal to join the Kyoto Protocol on global warming, said the Protocol will seriously damage the participants’ economies and is unlikely to produce the desired effect.
		Under the terms of the agreement, the countries that ratified the Kyoto Protocol bind themselves to decrease the amount of six greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) by 5.2% of 1990 levels during the five-year period 2008-2012.
		The State Department’s Richard Boucher noted that the US has the same goal with those countries that joined the Kyoto Protocol but uses different means in an attempt not to hurt slowly recovering economy.
	www.financegates.com /news/world_news/2005-02-17/kyoto_17022005.html (435 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Russia to ratify Kyoto treaty
		The treaty, which commits 30 industrialised countries into legally binding greenhouse gas reduction targets, will kick-start a multibillion- pound carbon trading market, the transfer of clean technologies to developing countries and promote joint ventures with countries in the former Soviet bloc.
		A flurry of international excitement about Kyoto began yesterday after the Russian cabinet announced that it had prepared the papers to ratify the treaty and was forwarding them to the Russian parliament, or Duma, for ratification.
		However, the treaty was only seen as a first step, and when the first cuts are implemented by 2010 the process is expected to continue, setting tougher targets for 2020.
	www.guardian.co.uk /russia/article/0,2763,1317289,00.html (790 words)

	TCS: Tech Central Station - Waking Up to Kyoto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It may look like a small step: under the Kyoto Protocol, which takes effect this week, the continent is committed to reducing its emissions by 8 percent from 1990 levels by 2008-2012.
		The Kyoto protocol aims at reducing developed countries' emissions by a small percentage,.
		The treaty has a very limited goal; moreover, big emitters (including the US and developing countries such as China and India) are left out.
	www.techcentralstation.com /021605A.html (1015 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Kyoto Treaty Takes Effect Today
		The Kyoto treaty to reduce global warming goes into effect today after seven years of wrangling, harangues, and dramatic entrances and exits by Russia and the United States.
		Under the treaty, the European Union committed to reducing its emissions 8 percent below 1990 levels; Japan and Canada committed to a 6 percent cut; and Russia, whose entry three months ago provided the quorum needed to put the treaty into effect, committed to limit emissions right at 1990 levels.
		The countries that ratified Kyoto believe that wealthy countries need to demonstrate a commitment to reducing emission levels in the first phase of the treaty, from 2008 to 2012, before the developing world can be asked to make cuts.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A27318-2005Feb15?language=printer (1303 words)

	Online NewsHour Forum: Analyzing the Kyoto Global Warming Conference -- December 12, 1997
		The delegates, who represent over 150 nations, are trying to forge a treaty that would mandate reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases.
		America's participation in any agreement drafted in Kyoto is considered critical because the U.S. emits a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases.
		The U.S. Senate, which will have to ratify the treaty, voted 95-0 to demand the participation of developing nations in any agreement while those countries have strongly resisted such efforts.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/forum/december97/kyoto_12-12.html (899 words)

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