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	RBrides.com - Meet Your Russian Bride Here! Russian Women Dating, Personals, Singles, Sexy Brides.
		More specifically, however, "Tatar" denominates the descendants of Kypchak and other Turkic tribes that migrated west out of Southern Siberia between the 10th and the 13th centuries.
		In the 13th and 14th centuries, by some complex ethnic process, the dominating group, the Kypchaks, assimilated the other Turkic-Mongolian tribes.
		Some mixed with the indigenous groups in the area where they settled, while those who retained their Kypchak identity and converted to Islam, adopted the name "Tatar".
	www.rbrides.com /info/russian-tatars.htm (519 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kypchaks
		Later, they [the Tatars] mixed with them [Kypchaks], and the land had priority over their racial and natural qualities and they [the Tatars] became like Kypchaks, as they were of the same origin with them, because the Tatars settled on their lands, married them, and remained to live on their lands.
		[14] Proponents of the Kypchak thesis argue that the Kazan Tatars are direct descendants of the Tatars of the Golden Horde.
		Kypchak emerged as the official language, and it was in this capacity that it had an impact on the evolution of the Bulgar language.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kypchaks (423 words)

	DA Journal Vol. 3-4, 2000
		Kypchaks were one of the well-known medieval nomadic tribes, who spoke a Turkic language and inhabited, before the Mongol-Tartar invasion, vast steppe lands from the Irtysh river in the east to the Danube in the west, these tribes named Desht-i-Kypchak.
		The early ethnopolitical history of the Kypchaks is closely connected with the tribal union of the Kimaks.
		Traditional in Russian and foreign historiography became an opinion that the Kimaks and Kypchaks were one and the same people, the Kypchaks forming the western branch of the Kimaks.
	www.csen.org /Pubs_Sales_Reviews/Donskaya_Archaeology/DonskayaTofC3-4_2000.html (2463 words)

	Top Literature - Kypchaks
		Map of Asia and Europe circa 1200 C.E. Kipchaks (also spelled as Kypchaks, Qipchaqs, Qypchaqs) (Crimean Tatar: Qıpçaq, Karachay-Balkar: Къыпчакъ, Uzbek: Qipchoq, Қипчоқ, Kazakh: Қыпшақ, Kumyk: Къыпчакъ, Nogai: Кыпчак, Chinese: 欽察/钦察, Qīnchá, Turkish: Kıpçak) were an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in the historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC.
		The western Kipchaks were known as Cumans (Kuman, Kuns) in Western Europe and Polovtsy (Polovtsians) in Russia and Ukraine, or by other names, most of which have the meaning "pale", or "sallow".
		The word "kypchak" is found in traditional Oghuz Turks Khan Epics
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=Kypchaks (516 words)

	Kypchaks : Kypchaks
		'''Kypchaks''' (also Kipchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC.
		Kypchak is the name of a Kazakh tribe within modern-day Kazakhstan.
		Kypchak is also the name of a village in the Crimean Peninsula.
	www.gogeeky.net /title/kypchaks (208 words)

	Oleg of Chernigov - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There he made an alliance with the Kypchaks, and with their support returned his father's patrimony, Chernigov (1078).
		It was the first time when Slavic princes, in order to achieve their ends, brought pagan hordes to the walls of Russian cities.
		In 1094, he returned with the Kypchaks to Rus and captured Chernigov.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Oleg_of_Chernigov (336 words)

	A. Rorlich - Origin of the Volga Tatars
		In the old times this state [the Golden Horde] was the country of Kypchaks [Cumans], but when the Tatars [Mongols] conquered them, the Kypchaks became their subjects.
		In 1928, G. Gubaidullin articulated a diferent interpretation of the Kypchak thesis.
		When the Golden Horde was organized, however, the new set of political and socioeconomic conditions determined changes in the functions of the languages spoken in the area under the rule of its khans.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/fadlan/rorlich1.html (2937 words)

	FACTION: The Kypchak Confederacy - Total War Center Forums
		The Kypchaks aren't too different from the countless other steppe peoples or still nomadic/semi-nomadic Turks.
		However, we may have the context to make the Kypchaks into something other than just a generic steppe people, if we are willing to fib their identity a little and incorporate some Volga-Bulgarian unit types.
		The cumans and kypchaks did make a serious impact on places like Georgia and the Caucus and even as far as Egypt.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=88827 (2751 words)

	Ancient History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tribal wars, struggle for power and pastures on the steppe, mountains and valleys of Kazakhstan caused some Turkic tribes to move south and settle in Central Asia (Turgeshes, Karluks, Uzbeks, Oguzes, and Seljuks), in South Asia and the Caucasus (Turkmen and Seljuks), and in Europe (Kangars-Pechenegs, Kypchaks-Polovtsy, Turks-Ogyzes, and Karakalpaks).
		In the 6th century to the beginning of the 8th century, the time of the Great Mongols' invasion, several states existed in the region successively replacing one another: the Western-Turkic, Tyurgesh and Karluk kaganates, and the states of the Oguzes, Karakhanids, Kimaks, and Kypchaks.
		After the invasion in the early 8th century, Uluses of the Mongol empire formed - Dzhuchi and Dzhagataya, which gave birth to the Ak-Horde and later to the Kazakh khanate itself.
	expat.nursat.kz /?3299 (2016 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the second stage (XI to XVIII Century) numerous and politically powerful Turkic Kypchak tribes, which practically founded the Crimean Ulus of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate, assimilated the majority of the indigenous population and promoted Turkish and Islamic influence.
		The Kypchaks went to the steppes in the XI Century and established political domination, which lasted until the first half of the XIII Century, when the Mongols arrived.
		During this period the Kypchaks change to a semi-settled way of life and reached the population of the Highlanders, the non-Turkic ancestors of Crimean Tatars, in number.
	www.qurultay.org /linkshow.asp?AD=../links/eng/history/offspring/1_2.html (996 words)

	Kipchaks - Wikinfo
		Some of the descendents of the Kipchaks are now known as Karaims.
		Kypchak is also a name of Kazakh tribe, see also tribalism.
		There are many Kazakhs of Kypchak tribe in modern Kazakhstan.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Kypchaks (676 words)

	Rus - Rulers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kypchak Horde is now firmly allied with Mamluks in Egypt against Il-Khans in Persia.
		Mangu Temir, grandson of Batu is elected Khan of Kypchak Horde.
		Tele-Buga leads the army of the main Kypchak Horde into Slovakia from the north but is stopped by snow in the Carpathian Mountains and forced to retire to Galicia, which he then loots in compensation for missing out in Hungary.
	www.xenophon-mil.org /rushistory/rulers/chron13cen.htm (9747 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For instance, he sided with his cousin David of Volhynia in capturing and blinding one of Galician princes.
		He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the Kypchaks but was defeated in the Battle of the Stugna River (1097).
		Sviatopolk married twice; to a Bohemian princess and then in 1094 to a daughter of Tugor Khan of the Kypchaks.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Sviatopolk_II_of_Kiev (454 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - TATARSTAN
		More specifically, however, "Tatar" denominates the descendants of Kypchak and other Turkic tribes that migrated west out of Southern Siberia between the 10th and the 13th centuries.
		In the 13th and 14th centuries, the Kypchaks assimilated the other Turkic-Mongolian tribes.
		Some mixed with the indigenous groups in the area where they settled, while those who retained their Kypchak identity and converted to Islam, adopted the name "Tatar".
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/tatar/index.html (740 words)

	Kypchaks
		Some of the descendents of the Kipchaks are now known as Karaims.
		Kypchak is also a name of Kazakh tribe, see also tribalism.
		Wapipedia > Index > K > Ky > Kypchaks
	www.wapipedia.org /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Kypchak (184 words)

	History of Kazakhstan :: Information about Kazakhstan history
		Archeological study of Turkic monuments makes it possible to somehow compare "these" Turks with certain Turkic tribal associations.
		In the Sayano-Altai region they have identified certain archeological cultures which might well be likened to early Kyrghyzes, early Kypchaks or early Oguzes.
		century the territory of Kazakhstan was the seat of West-Turkic, Tyurgesh, Karluk Kaganates, of the state made by Oguzes, Karakhanides, Kimeks and Kypchaks.
	www.kazakhstan.orexca.com /kazakhstan_history.shtml (1094 words)

	Kazakhstan history
		Written sources of the VIth century register the term "Tyurk" which is pronounced as "Tutszyue" by the Chinese and as "Turk" by Sogdians.
		Starting from the IV-th century up to the beginning of the XIII-th century the territory of Kazakhstan was the seat of West-Turkic, Tyurgesh, Karluk Kaganates, of the state made by Oguzes, Karakhanides, Kimeks and Kypchaks.
		All of them successively replaced one another up to the very Mongol invasion.
	www.asia-travel.uz /kazakhstan/history2.html (407 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The army, actually commanded by Subutai, crossed the Volga and invaded Volga Bulgaria in 1236.
		It took them a year to extinguish the resistance of the Volga Bulgarians, Kypchaks, and Alani.
		In November 1237 Batu Khan sent his envoys to the court of Yuri II of Vladimir and demanded his allegiance.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Batu_Khan (1655 words)

	Siberian Tatars (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Their ancestry was partly from Turkic and Ugric tribes, but their main ancestors were the Kypchaks.
		Their language also derived from early Kypchak, but was influenced by Kazan Tatar (which was also partly derived from later versions of the Kypchak language), Kazakh, Bashkir, Uzbek and Russian languages.
		According to the 2002 census of Russia there are 500,000 Tatars in Siberia, but 300,000 of them are Kazan Tatars settled to Siberia during colonization and the exploration for Tyumen oil.
	www.homestayfinder.com /Dictionary.aspx?q=Siberian_Tatars (102 words)

	Sviatopolk II of Kiev (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For instance, he sided with his cousin David of Volynia in capturing and blinding one of Halychian princes.
		The history now known as the Primary Chronicle was compiled by the monk Nestor during Svyatopolk's reign.
		Svyatopolk married twice; to a Bohemian princess and then in 1094 to a daughter of Tugor Khan of the Kypchaks.
	sviatopolk-ii-of-kiev.iqnaut.net (414 words)

	Mongolian clans - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Even here in Turkey you have some villages of kypchak people (northern part) even near Ankara (capital) they discovered a small village who still speak a very old Turkic dialect (similar to the Cuman dialect).
		Kypchak territories were explored first by Russians, but long time before that Kypchaks started mixing with other tribes.
		Actually there was a rule which prohibited to marry within one' tribe if you have common ancestor last 7 generations, so people had to marry outside their tribe.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?act=findpost&pid=1548349 (1583 words)

	Indo-European Chronology: the 6th period
		As for the steppe region, it was occupied by Turkish tribes, and this decided the fate of Asia: it became Turkish for centuries.
		Tatars, Kazakhs, Kypchaks and Pechenegs, all Asian powers which left their traces in history, were Turkish by origin.
		Meanwhile, by 565 the Turkish Kaganate spread to the Danube in the west and to China in the east.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/chron/chron5.html (8407 words)

	Welcome to tatarworld.com !
		Before reception of an ethnonym Tatars the population of all steppe part of Crimea and adjoining continental areas, and also Kerch peninsula, referred to as the Crimean Nogays or is simple Nogays (Nogays, Nogaysly).
		The part of the population of steppe Crimea named itself Kypchaks (kypshchak).
		The population of foothill, mountain Crimea and Southern coast was called among Nogaystsev as an ethnonym the Tat (tatlar).
	tatarworld.com /news_en_archive/news_dec14_2_2004.htm (10417 words)

	PRIMEXPRESS - We have travelers at heart! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Crimean Tatars are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group originally residing in Crimea.
		The Crimean Tatars are descendants of a mix of Turkic - (Bulgars, Khazars, Petchenegs and Kypchaks) as well as non-Turkic (Scythians, Sarmatians, Cimmerians, Alans, Greeks, Goths, Adyghe) peoples who had settled in Eastern Europe as early as the 7th century BC.
		The current name has been in use since the 13th century when Crimea was occupied by the Mongols (or Tatars, as they were known in Europe and Russia).
	www.primexpress.com /index.php?ethnic (2218 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		In the 10th century, the area passed under control of the Slavic princedom of Tmutarakan.
		The Kypchaks, seizing the area in 1067, renamed it azak (i.e., lowlands), from which appelation the modern name is derived.
		The Golden Horde claimed most of the coast in the 13th and 14th centuries, but the Venetian and Genoese merchants were granted permission to settle on the site of modern-day Azov and founded there a colony which they called Tana.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Azov_.html (432 words)

	Kipchaks
		Kipchaks (also spelled as Kypchaks, Qipchaqs, Qypchaqs) (, Karachay-Balkar: ÐÑÑÐ¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑ, Uzbek: ÒÐ¸Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ò, Kazakh: ÒÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ò, Kumyk: ÐÑÑÐ¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑ, Nogai: ÐÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ðº, Chinese: é’¦å¯, QÄ«nchÃ¡) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in the historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC.
		The western Kipchaks are also known as Cumans (Kumans, Kuns) in western Europe, and Polovtsi (Polovtsians) in Russia and Ukraine.
		The word "kypchak" is found in traditional Oghuz Khan Epics.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DKipchaks%26type%3Den (353 words)

	Kipchaks - meaning of word (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If people feel strongly about this then it can be left, but on the whole using the most familiar form of a word seems to me to be a good rule of thumb.
		It's true that "ы" is normally transliterated as "y" in ''Russian'', but the sound represented by the same cyrillic letter in Kazakh is quite different, not a Russian "uy" but the Turkic back-vowel "u" (as in 'put') which in modern Turkish in the latin script is represented by an "i" without a dot.
		Accordingly I still think "Kipchak" is the best spelling, whereas "Kypchak" is a wholly unfamiliar form of the word, and is no more accurate as a transliteration.
	www.wordsonline.org /Kipchaks (710 words)

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