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Topic: Kyrgyz language

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Kirghiz language

Siswati language

Close front rounded vowel

Turkic languages

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Tatar language

Uzbek language

Kazakh language

Languages using Cyrillic

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Tigre language

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	Kyrgyz language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Кыргыз тили) is an Eastern Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan.
		The forebears of the present-day Kyrgyz are believed by some to have been either southern Samoyed or Yeniseyan tribes who came into contact with Turkic culture after they conquered the Uygurs and settled the Orkhon area, site of the oldest recorded Turkic language, in the ninth century.
		The system of vowel harmony found in the Kyrgyz language is one of the most regular and strictest in the Turkic language family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kyrgyz_language (941 words)

	Kyrgyzstan - MSN Encarta
		The Kyrgyz and Uzbek populations, along with the country’s other Central Asian groups, are almost all Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi School.
		Kyrgyz people practiced ancient rituals of shamanism before their conversion to Islam, which occurred mostly in the 19th century.
		In the late 1980s both Aitmatov and Akmatov were active in reformist politics; Aitmatov sought to revive interest in the Kyrgyz language, while Akmatov was a prominent figure in the Kyrgyz movement for democratic reforms.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565190_3/Kyrgyzstan.html (808 words)

	Democratic governance in multicultural societies - Discussion Paper 30
		Language policies instructed by general principles of democratic governance have therefore to respond to the questions of how the identity of linguistic groups can be respected and how, at the same time, equal participation of each linguistic group in a shared public sphere can be guaranteed.
		An analysis of the function of language in social interaction and its role in the constitution of ethnicity, informed by the sociology of language and socio-linguistics, provides the basis for a structural explanation of language conflicts in the modern nation-state and their changing logic under conditions of globalization.
		Monolingual policies of status planning are mainly aimed at the legal establishment of an official language in the areas of media, education and political communication, whereas monolingual policies of corpus planning intend to modernize and standardize the use of the official language by codifying phonetic, semantic and grammatical aspects of the language.
	www.unesco.org /most/ln2pol2.htm (11691 words)

	Kyrgyz Translation Services - Translators English/Kirghiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Kyrgyz to English Translations - Experienced bi-lingual translators and proofreaders with extensive experience and a confirmed ability to translate effectively from the Kyrgyz language.
		While standard modern Kyrgyz is based on the northern dialect (which receives significant influence from the Mongolian language), the principal influence of the northern dialect is Kazakh, while Uzbek has been the greatest influence on the Southern dialect.
		Not until the Soviet period was the Kyrgyz language standardized after it began to be used for governmental purposes along with Russian.
	www.greentranslations.com /kyrgyz-translation.html (249 words)

	Kyrgyz language Summary
		The Kyrgyz are a largely Muslim people of Turko-Mongol origins whose language, Kyrgyz, is a member of the central, or Kipchak, branch of the Turkic linguistic group.
		Kyrgyz tribes settled in the area of Kyrgyzstan between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries.
		Kyrgyz are known for their hospitality, offering traveling guests samples of the rich Kyrgyz cuisine.
	www.bookrags.com /Kyrgyz_language (1096 words)

	History of Kyrgyzstan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the early 19th century, the southern territory of the Kyrgyz Republic came under the control of the Khanate of Kokand, and the territory was formally incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1876.
		In an upset victory, Askar Akayev, the president of the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, was elected to the presidency in October 1990.
		Kyrgyz was announced as the state language in September 1991.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/kyrgyzstan.html (1262 words)

	Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA - kyrgyz republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Kyrgyz people represent the title nation of the Kyrgyz Republic, which is one of the most ancient people in the world.
		In the 1-2 centuries BC, a part of the Kyrgyz tribes moved to Enisey (“Ene Sai” translates as “Mother River” from the Kyrgyz language) and Baikal (“Bai Kol” in Kyrgyz means “Abundant Lake”).
		It was there that the Kyrgyz tribes organized their first state and Kyrgyz Khanate, which began the consolidation of the Kyrgyz nation and formation of its culture.
	www.kyrgyzembassy.org /kyrgyz_republic.php (410 words)

	Kyrgyz Translation Services
		Many aspects of the Kyrgyz national culture were retained despite the suppression of nationalist activity under Stalin, and, therefore, tensions with the all-Union authorities were constant.
		In an upset victory, Askar Akayev, the liberal President of the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, was elected to the Presidency in October 1990.
		(Kyrgyz is a member of the Southern Turkic group of languages and was written in Arabic until the 20th century.
	www.verbatimsolutions.com /languages/kyrgyz.php (1103 words)

	Kyrgyz
		The Kyrgyz people were nomads throughout much of their history, initially living in the region of south-central Russia between the Yenesei River and Lake Baikal about 2,000 years ago.
		Although the Kyrgyz language is spoken in the home, most Kyrgyz also speak Russian, which is the language of business and commerce.
		Kyrgyz families are large, with an average of four to six children.
	www.everyculture.com /wc/Japan-to-Mali/Kyrgyz.html (2102 words)

	CONSTITUTION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC \| Kyrgyzstan Hotels, Tourism and Travel Information
		In the Kyrgyz Republic, social protection shall be guaranteed at the expense of the state in old age, in sickness, in disability, and in the event of a loss of the breadwinner.
		Structure of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be determined by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic on advice of the Prime Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic, and subject to approval by the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.
		The Prime Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be appointed by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic with the consent of a majority of the whole number of the deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.
	www.kyrgyzstan.org /Law/constitution.htm (13263 words)

	Kyrgyzstan - History, News and Information about Kyrgyzstan
		For example, although the 1993 constitution designates Kyrgyz as the state language, an amendment to the constitution in 2001 granted official status to the Russian language.
		While the Kyrgyz Republic initially remained in the ruble zone, stringent conditions set by the Russian Government prompted the Kyrgyz Republic to introduce its own currency, the som, in May 1993.
		The Kyrgyz Republic is a member of the OSCE, the CIS, the WTO, and the United Nations.
	www.russiannewsnetwork.com /kyrgyzstan.html (1075 words)

	The Jamestown Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Several days before Kyrgyz President Kurmanbek Bakiyev presented the draft law "On the Introduction of Changes and Additions to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic" for public discussion, a number of local national movements raised the question of elevating the status of the Kyrgyz language vis-a-vis Russian, currently the country's second official language.
		After former Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev granted the Russian language the status of a second state language in 2000, Kyrgyz language failed to become the dominant language in the country.
		On November 10, advocates of the Kyrgyz language assembled at the national "House of Friendship" and declared that the Russian language's official status hinders the development of the Kyrgyz language (Obshchestvenny reiting, November 14).
	www.jamestown.org /email-to-friend.php?article_id=2370475 (750 words)

	kyrgyzstan.neweurasia.net » Endangered language
		As was announced in the official statement of the party issued earlier this week, the Russian language, which has traditionally served in Kyrgyzstan as a tool of interaction between representatives of more than 80 nationalities living in the country, nowadays suffers multiple oppressions and general deprivation.
		Party activists started collecting signatures of Kyrgyz citizens willing to protect Russian language from populist measures of the government when it was announced that as of January 2007 all official and business documentation in the country is to be translated into Kyrgyz language.
		Thus the “national” project of regaining a national identity through the speedy restoration of the national language seems to be not only at the expense of hundreds of thousands Russian-speaking citizens of Kyrgyzstan but at the expense of the majority of the population.
	kyrgyzstan.neweurasia.net /?p=54 (678 words)

	Kyrgyz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are several etymological theories on the name "Kyrgyz." First, the name Kyrgyz may mean "forty girls" (kyrk + kyz), a reference to the Manas epic unifying forty small tribes against the Chinese on one side and the Muslim expansion on the other.
		The Kyrgyz were once under the rule of the Gokturks and Uyghur, the latter tribe being defeated and migrating to Xinjiang.
		The Kyrgyz tend to be short, with the average male height being 162-164 cm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kyrgyz (658 words)

	Kyrgyzstan - Society
		The ethnic identity of the Kyrgyz has been strongly linked to their language and to ethnic traditions, both of which have been guarded with particular zeal once independence provided an opportunity to make national policy on these matters.
		Less formally, the Kyrgyz people have maintained with unusual single-mindedness many elements of social structure and a sense of their common past.
		One important difference between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakstan is that the Kyrgyz people's mastery of their own language is almost universal, whereas the linguistic phase of national identity is not as clear in the much larger area and population of Kazakstan (see Language, ch.
	countrystudies.us /kyrgyzstan/9.htm (557 words)

	National Alliance of Gang Investigators' Associations
		The Kyrgyz Republic maintains an embassy in the United States at 1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20004 (tel.: (202) 742-6605; fax: (202) 742-6601).
		The Kyrgyz Republic's economy was severely affected by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting loss of its vast market.
		In 2002 Kyrgyz imports from the U.S. totaled $47.4 million, much of which was equipment, food products, and commodities provided by assistance programs; for January through September of 2003, Kyrgyz imports from the U.S. totaled $25.7 million.
	www.nagia.org /international/Kyrgyzstan.htm (3391 words)

	EurasiaNet Human Rights - Language Legislation Could Heighten Inter-Ethnic Tension in Kyrgyzstan
		Controversial language legislation in Kyrgyzstan threatens to stir inter-ethnic tension in the Central Asian nation.
		Kyrgyz ranks as the "state language," a somewhat subordinate ranking that obliges members of government to have a basic understanding of the language.
		The law also would establish a language quota in mass media, stipulating that at least one third of all news broadcasts and advertisements be in Kyrgyz.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/rights/articles/eav022304a.shtml (1010 words)

	Kyrgyzstan :: General information about Kyrgyzstan. History of Kyrgyzstan, pictures of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan Travel ...
		Kyrgyzstan, officially Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Respublikasy), landlocked republic in the eastern part of Central Asia that is bordered on the north by Kazakhstan, on the east by China, on the south by China and Tajikistan, and on the west by Uzbekistan.
		The constitution enshrines Kyrgyz as the country's state language, although Russian continues to be used widely.
		Victory Peak (known as Pik Pobedy in Russian and Jenish Chokosu in Kyrgyz) is the highest peak in the Tian-Shan system at an elevation of 7,439 m (24,406 ft).
	kyrgyzstan.orexca.com (1150 words)

	8.3 Reader's Forum: Kyrgyz Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On September 6, 2000, Reuters reported from Bishkek on a situation about the Kyrgyz language that is relevant to current legislature under discussion in Azerbaijan's Parliament regarding Azeris who run for high office who in the future will have to prove that they, too, are fluent in Azeri.
		The Central Electoral Commission made the announcement after subjecting President Askar Akayev to a 2-1/2-hour exam to see if he speaks the language well enough to run in a presidential election on October 29, as required by the constitution.
		Kyrgyz state since 1917 - but not without a few punctuation and spelling mistakes, the commission said.
	www.azer.com /aiweb/categories/magazine/83_folder/83_articles/83_kyrgyz.html (173 words)

	Pravda.RU:Did Adam and Eve speak the Kyrgyz language?
		Moreover, a version appeared that the Kyrgyz language is considered to be the oldest on the planet.
		This hypothesis was published in a local Kyrgyz newspaper; the authors substantiate it with quite a logical chain of proofs.
		The young philologist Sapar Narkeyev not only agrees that the Shumer and Turkic are similar languages, he also thinks that not only the language of the Kyrgyz ancestry is one of the most ancient languages.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2002/09/02/35813_.html (475 words)

	Kyrgyz Translation Service - English to Kyrgyz Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		You probably don't speak Kyrgyz yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Kyrgyz translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/kyrgyz_translation.shtml (451 words)

	languagehat.com: BISHKEK/PISHPEK.
		But since there is no sound f in the Kyrgyz language and successive consonants at the start of a word are not allowed, the inhabitants pronounced the name Purunze.
		In case anybody's wondering why Kyrgyz were unable to pronounce the name of a local boy, Frunze (a variant of Frunza) isn't a Kyrgyz name but a Romanian one—in Romanian, it means 'leaf' (cf French frondaison).
		Some of those languages went through several forced orthography changes over the last hundred or so years, with great harm to their actual or potential literary traditions.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001569.php (2312 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Critics See Political Games in Kyrgyz Language Law
		Its 38 articles oblige government employees to know Kyrgyz, require at least a third of all media and advertising to use Kyrgyz, and emphasize the use of Kyrgyz in education.
		It also projects a gradual transition of the Kyrgyz alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin and creates a State Commission on the Kyrgyz Language to monitor all these steps.
		The language remains unpopular among Uzbeks and other ethnic groups, its speakers live with limited vocabulary, and the government has not explained how it would fund language-promotion programs.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/rights/articles/eav012304.shtml (913 words)

	Kyrgyz Language
		Kyrgyz Speakers: In Kyrgyz Republic, China (150,000), Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, and Turkey.
		Kyrgyz Language History: Earliest scripts (Turkic Orkhon) go back to the 8th century A.D. Country was invaded by Turks, Mongols, and the Soviets, delaying developments in the language.
		For more linguistic affiliation, language variation, orthography, linguistic sketch, and history of Kyrgyz language UCLA Language Materials Project has a good linguistics and interlingual background information on Kyrgyz.
	www.online-languagetranslators.com /kyrgyz_language.htm (177 words)

	Kyrgyz Translation - Translate Kyrgyz Language Translator
		LeoSam Translations's Kyrgyz translation teams are professional linguists performing translation from English to Kyrgyz and Kyrgyz to English for a variety of documents in various industries including:
		Kyrgyz, also Kirghiz (Кыргыз тили) — is a Northwestern Turkic language, and with Russian makes up the official languages of Kyrgyzstan.
		(In 1993, it became the Kyrgyz Republic.) In February 1991, the name of the capital, Frunze, was changed back to its prerevolutionary name of Bishkek.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/kyrgyz.shtml (1197 words)

	Kyrgyz translation by Kyrgyz translator - Immigration service
		Your Kyrgyz translation is carefully monitored to ensure that deadlines are always met and that the texts are free from any error.
		Bilingual, native Kyrgyz translators use the style and local expressions to make the text read naturally and effortlessly.
		Multiple competent Kyrgyz translators are assigned when translating your large projects with tight deadlines.
	www.online-languagetranslators.com /kyrgyz.htm (413 words)

	SourceWord translations: If you are looking for a translator from Kyrgyz or into Kyrgyz, we are please to offer the ...
		If you are looking for a translator from Kyrgyz or into Kyrgyz, we are please to offer the service of our extensive pool of Kyrgyz linguists to match your needs.
		Kyrgyz, also Kirghiz, is a Northwestern Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan.
		Kyrgyz is spoken by about 3 million people in Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey (Asia) and Uzbekistan.
	www.sourceword.com /english/languages/kyrgyz.php (217 words)

	RIA Novosti - World - Russian language may lose official status in Kyrgyzstan
		Russian became an official language in Kyrgyzstan, one of the poorest former Soviet republics, during the presidency of Askar Akayev, who was toppled in popular uprisings in March 2005 known as the "tulip revolution" and fled the country.
		The authors of the new constitution said the Kyrgyz language - and not Russian - was being ignored in the country because it never became the state language after independence followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
		"We do not intend to force everyone to speak the Kyrgyz language and until the Kyrgyz language becomes the language for interethnic communication, this status will belong to the Russian language," said Justice Minister Marat Kaipov, who is also a member of the working group.
	en.rian.ru /world/20060728/51968447.html (353 words)

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