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Topic: Kyriakos of Makuria

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	Makuria: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Makuria eventually merged with Nobatia, most likely under the rule of King Merkurios in the mid-seventh century.
		Egypt and Makuria had especially close relations when Egypt was ruled by the Fatimid (additional info and facts about Fatimid) s: the Shi'ite (A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs) Fatimids had few allies in the Muslim world.
		The main economic activity in Makuria was farming, with farmers growing several crops a year of barley (Cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain), millet (Any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine), and also date (A meeting arranged in advance) s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/makuria.htm (1169 words)

	Makuria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Makuria was one of three kingdoms to emerge after the fall of Meroe.
		A peace treaty known as the bakt was eventually signed and Makuria agreed to pay a tribute of slaves each a year to Egypt but could retain its independence and Christian faith.
		The main economic activity in Makuria was farming, with farmers growing several crops a year of barley, millet, and also dates.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Makuria (1043 words)

	Makuria LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Makuria expanded, annexing its northern neighbour Nobatia either at the time of the Arab invasion or during the reign of King Merkurios.
		Makuria remained in use as a geographic term for the southern half of the kingdom, but it was also used to describe the kingdom in its entirety.
		It is clear that by the seventh century Makuria had become officially Coptic and loyal to the Coptic Patriarch of Alexandria; the king of Makuria became the defender of the patriarch of Alexandria, occasionally intervening militarily to protect him, as Kyriakos did in 722.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Makuria (4086 words)

	Encyclopedia: Makuria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Makuria did not accept the superiority of the Monophysite patriarchate in Alexandria until the turn of the seventh century, when Merkurios was king.
		Afrimonth Makuria bears the name of an old society which continued African civilization after Egypt, Nubia and Meroe were weaken by foreign dominion.
		Makuria became predominantly a Christian society but is viewed as the bridge which connected African civilizations in the Nile valley to the later societies on the west coast of the Continent.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Makuria (1190 words)

	Islam in Nubia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Kyriakos even cultivated closer contacts with the family of the reigning king of Alodia, which kingdom did not have a stabilized relation with the caliphate.
		Next to the grand compositions of Christ Enthroned, Nativity and Three Youths in a Fiery Furnace, there are countless representations of the rulers of Makuria, mothers of kings and the eparchs of Nobadia and bishops of Pachoras, the latter playing an exceedingly important role in the kingdom as primates of the Church.
		The territory of Makuria (Nubian Dotawo) shrank to the region between the First and Second Cataracts, originally the southern part of the kingdom with the main centers at Qasr Ibrim and Gebel Adda, and to Batn el Hagar.
	www.numibia.net /nubia/islam-2.htm (1811 words)

	6th and 7th centuries and research on the Christian period of Alodia is only beginning
		The rite of the Nubian church was unified and all of Nubia subjected to the Coptic patriarch in Alexandria presumably at the turn of the 7th century in the reign of king Merkurios.
		In military terms, the kingdom was sufficiently powerful to permit king Kyriakos a successful intervention in Egypt in defense of the patriarch in the middle of the 8th century.
		A new church, the so-called Church on the Southern Slope of the Kom, was built at Pachoras by lesu, eparch of Nobadia in 930.
	www.arkamani.org /arkamani-library/christian/godlewski_1.htm (6673 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Makuria
		After signing a peace treaty, known as the bakt, with the Muslim rulers of Egypt in 651 Makuria survived into the fourteenth century, when it was overwhelmed by Arab invaders.
		An Arab army attacked Makuria in 652 from Egypt, but it was defeated.
		Egypt and Makuria had especially close relations when Egypt was ruled by the Fatimids: the Shi'ite Fatimids had few allies in the Muslim world.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Makuria (1075 words)

	Read about Makuria at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Makuria and learn about Makuria here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It was one of a group of successor kingdoms formed after the fall of Meroe about AD 350.
		Makuria was one of three kingdoms to emerge in Nubia in the 4th century; the other two were Nobatia to the north of Makuria, and Alodia to the south.
		Egypt and Makuria had especially close relations when Egypt was ruled by the Fatimids: the
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Makuria (1006 words)

	Kyriakos of Makuria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		722) was a ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria.
		In 722, Kyriakos marched north into Egypt at the head of an army said to number 100,000 men to avenge an insult the Muslim rulers of Egypt had inflicted on the Patriarch of Alexandria Khail.
		However, once the Makurian army reached Egypt, the Patriarch was released from prison and sent to ask Kyriakos to return with his army to Makuria.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/K/Kyriakos-of-Makuria.htm (167 words)

	al- MU\|URRA , al- MaÎurra [VII:544b] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The unification date is uncertain, but must have occured between 690 A.D. and the reign of king Merkurius (696/7 until 710 at least), according to evidence from the Life of Isaac, patriarch of Alexandria 690-2, and from an inscription of Merkurius.
		Nobatia) and Makuria, whilst the latter attributes to Merkurius, king of Dongola [q.v.
		In a document almost certainly of king Kyriakos and dated 141/759, the royal title is “Lord of
	www.encislam.brill.nl /data/EncIslam/S4/SIM-5484.html (275 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		Destruction of the Faras Cathedral by fire (c.
		Building of the Church on the South Slope of the Kom (930).
		20 July 999, aged 93; Buried at the Church on South Slope of the Kom.
	www.thenubian.net /nubold.php (1672 words)

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