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	Lageos (Laser Geodynamics Satellite)
		Lageos 1 was developed by NASA and placed into a high inclination orbit to permit viewing by ground stations around the world.
		Lageos 2 was a joint program between NASA and the Italian space agency, which built the satellite using Lageos 1 specifications and materials provided by NASA.
		Lageos 2’s orbit was chosen to provide more coverage of seismically active areas, such as the Mediterranean and California, and to help scientists understand irregularities noted in the motion of Lageos 1.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/L/Lageos.html (387 words)

	LAGEOS -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS, or Laser Geodynamics Satellites, are a series of scientific research (Man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon) satellites designed to provide an orbiting (additional info and facts about laser ranging) laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth.
		The laser beams then return to Earth after hitting the reflecting surfaces; the travel times are precisely measured, permitting ground stations in different parts of the Earth to measure their separations to better than one inch in thousands of miles.
		The LAGEOS satellites are able to determine positions of points on the Earth with extremely high accuracy due to the stability of their orbits.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/lageos5.htm (397 words)

	LAGEOS 1, 2 Quicklook
		LAGEOS 1 was developed by NASA and was placed into a high inclination orbit to permit viewing by ground stations located around the world.
		LAGEOS 2 was a joint program between NASA and the Italian space agency (ASI), which built the satellite using LAGEOS 1 drawings and specifications, handling fixtures, and other materials provided by NASA.
		LAGEOS 2's orbit was selected to provide more coverage of seismically active areas, such as the Mediterranean Basin and California, and may help scientists understand irregularities noted in the motion of LAGEOS 1.
	msl.jpl.nasa.gov /QuickLooks/lageosQL.html (386 words)

	Exploring The Planets - Earth
		The Laser Geodynamics Satellite (Lageos) orbits the Earth to aid in accurate measurement of the distances between points on the Earth's surface.
		Lageos was launched May 4, 1976 and placed in a very stable circular orbit of 5,900 kilometers (3,700 miles) altitude.
		Lageos satellites are passive satellites that carry no electronic equipment or moving parts.
	www.nasm.si.edu /ceps/etp/earth/earth_obs.html (341 words)

	LAGEOS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS or Laser Geodynamics Satellites are a of scientific research satellites designed to provide an orbiting laser benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth.
		The LAGEOS satellites are able to determine of points on the Earth with extremely accuracy due to the stability of their
		An analysis of the laser-ranging data obtained the two LAGEOS satellites published in 1997 to have found evidence of the frame-dragging effect predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity with an accuracy of about 20
	www.freeglossary.com /LAGEOS (402 words)

	LAGEOS-1, 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was the first spacecraft dedicated exclusively to high-precision laser ranging and provided the first opportunity to acquire laser-ranging data that were not degraded by errors originating in the satellite orbit or satellite array.
		In addition, LAGEOS is the primary satellite used in quality controlling data from the international satellite laser ranging network.
		The LAGEOS satellites are covered with 426 cube corner reflectors with all but four of these reflectors made with fused silica glass.
	ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov /satellite_missions/list_of_satellites/lageos.html (394 words)

	The Earth's Changing Shape, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS is a 903 pound satellite which was launched into an orbit 4,500 miles above the earth's surface in 1976.
		In grammar school, most of us learned that the earth was not a perfect sphere, but something called an "oblate spheroid," having a greater diameter at the equator due to the earth's spin and bulging somewhat in the southern hemisphere in a manner reminiscent of a middle age spread.
		Because the orbital altitudes of LAGEOS can be calculated so precisely, it is possible to determine variations in the earth's gravitational field, and thereby to determine its present shape.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF6/629.html (367 words)

	LAGEOS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The laser beams thenreturn to Earth after hitting the reflecting surfaces; the travel times are precisely measured, permitting ground stations indifferent parts of the Earth to measure their separations to better than one inch in thousands of miles.
		The LAGEOS satellites are able to determine positions of points on the Earth with extremely high accuracy due to the stabilityof their orbits.
		An analysis of the laser-ranging data obtained by the two LAGEOS satellites, published in 1997, claimed to have found evidenceof the frame-dragging effect predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity with an accuracy of about 20 percent.
	www.therfcc.org /lageos-201390.html (312 words)

	eoPortal directory: LAGEOS-I (Laser Geodynamics Satellite-I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS-I (Laser Geodynamics Satellite-I) LAGEOS-I is a passive research satellite of NASA - the orbit of the spacecraft (and its slight perturbations) represent the geodynamic measurements.
		Pulsed laser beams transmitted from Earth ground stations are returned by the reflectors on LAGEOS; the travel times are precisely measured, permitting ground stations in different parts of the world to measure their separations (to better than 1 cm in thousands of kilometers) to determine the distance between themselves and the satellite.
		Since the LAGEOS-I orbit is known to extremely high accuracy, the location of a laser ranging station on the surface of the Earth can be determined to a precision of less than 1 cm (by measuring the time for a laser pulse to travel from the laser ranging station to the satellite and return).
	directory.eoportal.org /pres_LAGEOSILaserGeodynamicsSatelliteI.html (1615 words)

	eoPortal directory: LAGEOS-I (Laser Geodynamics Satellite-I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS-I is a passive research satellite of NASA - the orbit of the spacecraft (and its slight perturbations) represent the geodynamic measurements.
		LAGEOS was designed to act as a permanent reference point so that the Earth's progress could be tracked relative to the satellite (in contrast to the traditional system of tracking satellites relative to the Earth).
		The USGS (United States Geological Survey) as well as many institutions around the world are tracking the LAGEOS orbit to study the dynamics of the solid Earth, to analyze (deduce) continental drift (plate tectonics, crustal deformations), the Earth's gravitational field, and the "wobble" in the Earth's axis of rotation.
	directory.eoportal.org /info_LAGEOSILaserGeodynamicsSatelliteI.html (250 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS is a high-density geodetic satellite launched by NASA on 4 May 1976 [Johnson, et al., 1976].
		It is because of the potential for a second scientific use of the LAGEOS spacecraft, a use in modern physics quite distinct from their use in modern geodesy, that we seek to determine several subtle effects caused entirely by the spin rotation of these nearly spherically symmetric spacecraft.
		From the point of view of the basic physics governing a spinning artificial satellite, the LAGEOS satellite is a nearly ideal candidate for developing a verifiable theoretical model of the rotational dynamics as influenced by the Lorenz and tidal forces.
	www.astro.amu.edu.pl /html/IAU_Coll/Abstracts/s55.htm (874 words)

	LAGEOS
		For LAGEOS to be used as a standard for crustal motions of the Earth, it must be placed in a highly accurate orbit.
		The LAGEOS II project is a joint program between NASA and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), which built the satellite using LAGEOS I drawings and specifications, handling fixtures, dummy spacecraft and other materials provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Md.
		The Spacecraft The LAGEOS II satellite is a spherical satellite made of aluminum with a brass core.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/jgreen/lageos.html (1510 words)

	[No title]
		The investigations planned for LAGEOS II include plate tectonics -- the motion of the plates of the Earth's crust -- the Earth's rotation, Earth's gravity and the accurate determination of the length of the day.
		LAGEOS I data have shown that the Hawaiian island of Maui is moving toward Japan at approximately 2.8 inches (7 cm) a year and away from South America at 3.1 inches (8 cm) a year.
		Through measurements using the LAGEOS satellites, scientists can detect changes in polar motion to an accuracy of 2 inches (5 cm) and changes in the length of the day to within one ten-thousandth of a second.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/status/r92-175 (1240 words)

	M. Louis Salmon Library-- Saturn V History Database
		LAGEOS I (Laser Geodynamics Satellite), launched in 1976, is a passive satellite designed to help scientists study the geodynamics of Earth.
		Not intended to be comprehensive, the emphasis of the Lageos Collection is on programmatic and historic documents rather than the scientific papers which are readily found through the standard scientific indices.
		Another unique aspect of the Lageos Program is that the retroreflectors on these inert satellites are expected to remain usable for hundreds of years, and the satellites themselves will stay in orbit for many thousands of years.
	archives.uah.edu /lageos/lageos.html (347 words)

	[No title]
		LAGEOS is designed to provide a reference point for laser ranging experiments that will monitor the motion of the Earth's crust, measure and understand the "wobble" in the Earth's axis of rotation, collect information on the Earth's size and shape and more accurately determine the length of the day.
		The LAGEOS II satellite is a spherical satellite made of aluminum with a brass core.
		For example, the satellite had to be as heavy as possible to minimize the effects of non-gravitational forces, yet light enough to be placed in a high orbit.
	www.nsbri.org /sts40/LAGEOS.html (791 words)

	NASA Fact Sheets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LAGEOS II, like its predecessor LAGEOS I, launched in 1976, is a passive satellite dedicated exclusively to laser ranging.
		LAGEOS II, built by the Italian Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), is a spherical satellite made of aluminum with a brass core.
		Like LAGEOS I, which is still in service, LAGEOS II is designed with such precision that its orbit will be extremely stable and its position can be determined with a high degree of accuracy.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/spacesci/lageos.htm (1568 words)

	Lageos Falls Too Fast
		The satellite, called Lageos, is covered with laser reflectors so that it can be tracked with high precision.
		Lageos will stay in orbit several hundred thou-sand years, but space scientists are understandably concerned about their theories about the upper atmosphere.
		Lageos may, in fact, be electrically charged and interacting with the surrounding cloud of electrically charged particles and is ever so slightly braked by the electrical forces.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf025/sf025p04.htm (212 words)

	LAGEOS-2 range observations
		Rubincam [1987] was the first who suggested that external torques associated with parasitic currents in the conducting and rotating body generated by the magnetic field (eddy currents) would play a role in the spin axis evolution.
		The theory was later slightly generalized and successfully used to fit the observed semimajor axis decay of the two LAGEOS satellites [Farinella et al., 1996].
		The knowledge of the LAGEOS spin axis is also a fundamental issue for the study of the geopotential and long term geophysical phenomena.
	www.agu.org /pubs/toc/gl/gl/gl0110/2000GL012435/node2.html (839 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Known as the Lense-Thirring effect, it was previously observed by the team of Ciufolini using the LAGEOS satellites and has recently been observed around distant celestial objects with intense gravitational fields, such as fl holes and neutron stars.
		LAGEOS II, launched in 1992, and its predecessor, LAGEOS I, launched in 1976, are passive satellites dedicated exclusively to laser ranging, which involves sending laser pulses to the satellite from ranging stations on Earth and then recording the round-trip travel time.
		LAGEOS is designed primarily to provide a reference point for experiments that monitor the motion of the Earth's crust, measure and understand the "wobble" in the Earth's axis of rotation, and collect information on the Earth's size, shape, and gravitational field.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /news-release/releases/1998/98-51.txt (525 words)

	SPACE.com -- LAGEOS
		LAGEOS satellites were first launched in 1976 and they have served as super-accurate references for position measurement on Earth.
		The laser measurements made with LAGEOS are so precise that they allow monitoring of the centimeter-by-centimeter creep of the Earth's tectonic plates, or any other form of geological monitoring that requires precision of a fraction of an inch across thousands of miles.
		Because the motion of the satellite itself can be measured with great precision, LAGEOS can also be used to plot tiny variations in the Earth's gravity, which in turn are used to deduce differences in the Earth's crust.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/planetearth/lageos_000418.html (371 words)

	40+ Years of Earth Science Laser Geodynamics Satellite - 1
		Objectives: Provide long-term data sets to monitor the motion of the Earth's tectonic plates; measure the Earth's gravitational field; measure the "wobble" in the Earth's axis of rotation; and better detemine the length of an Earth day.
		Description: The LAGEOS I mission was developed by NASA and was placed into a high inclination orbit to permit viewing by ground stations located in many countries (including the US, Mexico, France, Germany, Poland, Australia, Egypt, China, Peru, Italy and Japan).
		LAGEOS I also contains a message plaque addressed to human and other beings of the far distant future with maps of the Earth from 3 different eras - 268 million years in the past, present day, and an estimate of 8 million years in the future.
	www.earth.nasa.gov /history/lageos/lageos1.html (284 words)

	General Relativistic Frame Dragging
		(LAGEOS I), a NASA spacecraft, and LAGEOS II, a joint NASA/Italian
		LAGEOS II, launched in 1992, and its predecessor, LAGEOS I,
		LAGEOS is designed primarily to provide a reference point for
	www.phy.duke.edu /~kolena/framedrag.html (692 words)

	La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno on the web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lageos e Demeter appartengono a quella nuova generazione di satelliti che hanno potuto determinare con esattezza lo spostamento di 30 metri dell'isola di Sumatra
		I satelliti Lageos 2 e Demeter, sono considerati attualmente come due tra le principali sentinelle spaziali per cercare di capire il più possibile con precisione quali possono essere le cause di terremoti e maremoti.
		Lageos 2, sviluppato da Alenia Spazio come capo-commessa industriale, è un satellite sferico del diametro di 60 centimetri, ricoperto da 426 riflettori laser di soli 3.8 centimetri di diametro, 422 dei quali realizzati in silicio, e solo 4 in germanio.
	www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it /notizia.asp?IDCategoria=87&IDNotizia=127733 (603 words)

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