
	Where results make sense

Topic: LD50

Related Topics

Lethal dose

Draize test

Animal testing

Acute toxicity

Toxicity

Blood alcohol content

Vivisection

Vegan cuisine

SHAC

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Jason Finn

Developing nations

Benzene hexachloride

TiHKAL

Caffeine

In the News (Thu 26 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Encyclopedia: LD50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The LD50 value for THC, or Tetrahydrocannabinol, is a controversial subject, as it's intravenous dose for a rat is typically used, and can be found quoted specifically as such in the Merck Index.
		LD50 is the amount of a material, given all at once, which causes the death of 50% (one half) of a group of test animals.
		When the LD50 values are different for various animal species, one has to make approximations and assumptions when estimating the probable lethal dose for man. Tables 1 and 2 have a column for estimated lethal doses in man. Special calculations are used when translating animal LD50 values to possible lethal dose values for humans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/LD50 (537 words)

	LD50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Answer: The LD50 (lethal dose) is the amount of an insecticide, in its purest form, required to kill 50 percent of a test population; usually female, white rats.
		The amount of LD50 needed to kill a subject is measured in milligrams of the toxicant per kilogram of subject body weight (mg/kg).
		Although the LD50 is not given specifically on the label, the signal words "Caution" "Warning" and "Danger" indicate three levels of low, moderate and high toxicity, respectively.
	lee.ifas.ufl.edu /horticulturearchive/LD50.htm (273 words)

	OSH Answers: What is an LD50 and LC50
		In each case, the LD50 value is expressed as the weight of chemical administered per kilogram body weight of the animal and it states the test animal used and route of exposure or administration; e.g., LD50 (oral, rat) - 5 mg/kg, LD50 (skin, rabbit) - 5 g/kg.
		So, the example "LD50 (oral, rat) 5 mg/kg" means that 5 milligrams of that chemical for every 1 kilogram body weight of the rat, when administered in one dose by mouth, causes the death of 50% of the test group.
		The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex, and age group of a particular animal species being tested.
	www.ccohs.ca /oshanswers/chemicals/ld50.html (1862 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: LD50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Those flaws, common to almost all animal studies, mean that human toxicity levels are not known until significant human follow-up studies are completed or a major accident exposes hundred of individuals so a death statistic can be made.
		Neverthenless, it is claimed that LD50 studies do prove useful in identifying very toxic substances rapidly and providing a legal framework for the use of a useful substance whose toxicity is not fully known.
		The OECD (additional info and facts about OECD) has also recently abolished use of the LD50 known as Test Guideline 401 (Source: TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences Vol22 No.2 February 2001)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/ld/ld501.htm (632 words)

	Art of Decay & LD50: Media
		LD50 stands for LETHAL DOSE 50, the concentration of a deadly poison needed to kill 50% of the population to which it is added.
		LD50: No, the name LD50 is just a name (it is actually a chemical engineering-unit to describe the effectiveness of a poison), as kind of a joke, we thought to name our experimental project LD50, so as if it would kill 50% of the listeners of our music.
		LD50 mainly makes soundworks which could be used as a guide to explore the darker side of the human mind and the connectivity/interactivity of the human psyche with our time and space-dimensional world (the universe).
	users.telenet.be /aod_ld50/media1.htm (767 words)

	EPA - Ag 101, Lethal Dosage (LD50) Values
		An LD50 is a standard measurement of acute toxicity that is stated in milligrams (mg) of pesticide per kilogram (kg) of body weight.
		An LD50 represents the individual dose required to kill 50 percent of a population of test animals (e.g., rats, fish, mice, cockroaches).
		Dermal LD50 values are obtained when the pesticide is applied to the skin of the animal.
	www.epa.gov /agriculture/ag101/pestlethal.html (271 words)

	Risk Handbook--Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		LD50 is stated in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg): milligram of chemical per kilogram of body weight.
		Example: A reported "rat oral LD50 of 50 mg/kg" means that half of the rats that ingested a dose of 50 milligrams of the substance per kilogram of body weight died within 14 days.
		LD50 values are unknown for humans, but animal LD50 values can be used to estimate lethal amounts for humans.
	ruby.fgcu.edu /Courses/Twimberley/IDS3920/chap3.html (2597 words)

	PCRM >> Research >> Animal Experimentation Issues >> Inadequacy of the LD50 Test Factsheet
		The Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) test involves the administration of a substance to a group of animals at increasing doses in order to determine the dose that kills 50 percent of the test subjects within a set time frame.
		It is clear that the quantity measured by the LD50 test is not a biological constant, and that the value therefore has little significance in assessing toxicity.
		Sperling F. Nonlethal parameters as indices of acute toxicity: inadequacy of the acute LD50.
	www.pcrm.org /resch/anexp/LD50.html (1185 words)

	LD50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The LD50 test is a test in which groups of rats or mice...
		The optimality of the LD50 level seems to be limited to only a few...
		The UK government claimed to have stopped issuing LD50 licenses after lobbying by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection - however, an illegal laboratory raid in 2004 exposed evidence that the LD50 test is still used on every batch of botox "anti-wrinkle" preparations [1].
	hallencyclopedia.com /LD50 (938 words)

	TOXICOLOGY (1223) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Median lethal dose (LD50):-The statistically derived single dose of a chemical that can be expected to cause death in 50% of a given population of organisms under a defined set of experimental conditions.
		The use of the LD50 in the classification of potentially toxic chemicals has been described; it must be emphasized that such a classification is only a very rough guide to relative toxicity.
		Any classification based on the LD50 is strictly valid only for the test population on which it is based and on the route of exposure.
	www.bio.hw.ac.uk /edintox/dose.htm (1556 words)

	Warfarin
		The acute oral LD50 for technical sodium warfarin in rats was 323 mg/kg for males and 58 mg/kg for females (12).
		The same source indicated the acute oral LD50 for mice was 60 mg/kg; 800 mg/kg subcutaneous LDlo; and 165 mg/kg intravenous LD50 (5).
		Toxicity values for warfarin in other animals are: an oral LD50 for cats of 2.5-20 mg/kg (6, 12); an acute oral LD50 of 35 mg/kg for a single dose or 3 mg/day for 5 days (1, 2); and 12 mg/kg oral LDlo (5).
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/extoxnet/pyrethrins-ziram/warfarin-ext.html (2034 words)

	LD50 Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The LD50 test is an accurate toxicity test, which is almost always associated with extreme pain and suffering.
		The LD50 is a statistical value, which is only valid for the exact conditions under which the test was administered.
		The LD50 of a substance in rabbits or rats in no way is an indicator of the acute toxicity of the same substance in humans (Singer 50).
	www.louisville.edu /~jrthom05/ld50test.htm (262 words)

	NZAVS - LD50, NZ Parliamentarian, Page 7
		Stripped of every right and dignity animals used in the "LD50 alibi" are the victims of vivisectionists and politicians who have the inability or lack of motivation...
		Therefore in anticipating some of the arguments as LD50 collapses is the typical and expected comments of the retreating vivisectors as they promote procedures such as the "approximate dose" which they claim uses "fewer animals"...
		It is important that the regulatory authorities in their negotiations with their colleagues the toxicologists when preparing the pill which will be rolled in political sugar prior to dosing to the 50,000 odd more enlightened citizens signing this petition - do not underestimate their adversaries' case or their calibre.
	www.nzavs.org.nz /submissions/ldpar7.html (457 words)

	EXTOXNET TIBs - DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS IN TOXICOLOGY
		The LD50 (the lethal dose for 50 percent of the animals tested) of a poison is usually expressed in milligrams of chemical per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg).
		If the oral LD50 of a poison were 10 mg/kg, 50 percent of the animals who swallowed 10 mg/kg would be expected to die and 50 percent to live.
		This is an over-simplified approach to comparing chemicals because the LD50 is simply one point on the dose-response curve that reflects the potential of the compound to cause death.
	extoxnet.orst.edu /tibs/doseresp.htm (1798 words)

	Insecticides
		A common measure of the acute toxicity is the lethal dose (LD50) or lethal concentration (LC50) that causes death (resulting from a single or limited exposure) in 50% of the treated animals, known as the population.
		LD50 is generally expressed as the dose, in milligrams (mg) of chemical per kilogram (kg) of body weight.
		LC50 is often expressed as mg of chemical per volume (e.g., litre (L) of medium (i.e., air or water) the organism is exposed to.
	www.the-piedpiper.co.uk /th13.htm (1455 words)

	LD50 - major test for toxicity (killing)
		The designers of the LD50 test in 1927 acknowledged its serious inadequacies, intending it only for certain narrow medical purposes.1 Nevertheless, use of the LD50 test has become widespread as a general measurement of chemical toxicity.
		Acetaminophen, for example, is fatal to mice at 250-400 mg/kg due to liver necrosis, while the LD50 for rats is about 1,000 mg/kg with little evidence of liver damage.13 With such profound differences between mice and rats, extrapolation to humans has little meaning.
		A study comparing toxicity in newborn and adult animals found large variations due to species-specific developmental patterns that cannot be readily extrapolated to human infants.4 In practice, 50 percent of adult overdoses and 90 percent of narcotic overdoses involve mixtures of drugs, and often the substances ingested are not known.
	www.safe2use.com /ca-ipm/00-07-05a.htm (1143 words)

	EXTOXNET PIP - WARFARIN
		The acute oral LD50 for technical sodium warfarin in rats was 323 mg/kg for males and 58 mg/kg for females (376).
		The same source indicated the acute oral LD50 for mice was 60 mg/kg; 800 mg/kg subcutaneous LDlo; and 165 mg/kg intravenous LD50 (370).
		Toxicity values for warfarin in other animals are: an oral LD50 for cats of 2.5-20 mg/kg (371, 376); an acute oral LD50 of 35 mg/kg for a single dose or 3 mg/day for 5 days (1, 242); and 12 mg/kg oral LDlo (370).
	extoxnet.orst.edu /pips/warfarin.htm (2010 words)

	Animal Aid : News : Botox Letter to Caroline Flint
		In barbaric and unreliable LD50 experiments - essentially outlawed by the government in 1999 - the animals are injected with the toxin and suffer symptoms including impaired vision, paralysis of the body, and paralysis of the diaphragm, which leads to death by suffocation.
		The government acknowledges the LD50 test to be a 'severe' procedure and made a pre-election pledge to ban it completely.
		Until that action is taken, we are calling upon the Committee on Safety of Medicines to recommend a ban on the use of botox for cosmetic procedures.
	www.animalaid.org.uk /news/2004/0401lett.htm (702 words)

	LD50 for various snakes.
		The Mouse LD50 is a figure that is indicative of a dosage that will kill 50% of the mice envenomated within 24 hours.
		Thus a simple calculation involving yield and LD50 SHOULD be indicative of how many mice such a snake is capable of killing and by very crude approximation the weight of a human it would kill.
		Some of the larger adders may penetrate deep enough to inject their venom intramuscularly and in a very unlucky few cases an intravenous injection may occur.
	www.seanthomas.net /oldsite/ld50tot.html (430 words)

	MAPS: question: ed50 & LD50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I am not a chemist but I believe that ED50 and LD50 stand for "Effective Dose" and "Lethal Dose" in 50% of the test subjects, usually for a given species.
		Meaning the ED50 is the minimum dose required that will cause the desired effect in 50% of test subjects, and the LD50 is the minimum Lethal Dose required to kill 50% of the test subjects for a given sample.
		Someone correct me if i am wrong (again i am not a chemist) but those two numbers are taken together to form a ratio, meaning that if the ED50 of something is 5 grams, and the LD50 of something is 50 grams, is 5:50, or 1:10.
	www.maps.org /pipermail/maps_forum/1999-March/001544.html (397 words)

	Toronto Gothic News - *LD50 Entertainment Inc. announces the launch of Catalyst, a multi-genre music festival taking ...
		LD50 Entertainment Inc. is a Toronto-based multi-faceted music and event promotion company.
		They burst onto the scene in 2002 with their presentation of the Toronto and Montreal dates of the highly successful reunion tour for the Chameleons UK.
		Their goal with Catalyst is to highlight the diversity of the modern musical climate, continuing in the vein of the groundbreaking Lollapalooza tours of the 1990’s.
	www.toronto-goth.com /archives/2003-07-10c.shtml (350 words)

	New England Anti-vivisection Society (NEAVS)
		The traditional LD50 (lethal dose 50%) test forces animals to ingest chemicals to determine the approximate dose that results in the death of half the test animals.
		The Interagency Research Animal Committee admits, “The LD50 tests have become controversial among toxicologists, animal welfare organizations, legislators and the public primarily due to the ethics of using a large number of animals and evaluating only mortality.” (National Institutes of Health Web site)
		The late Dr. Björn Ekwall of the Cytotoxicology Laboratory in Sweden developed a replacement for the LD50 test that measured toxicity at a precision rate of 77% compared to the LD50 rate of 60%-65%.
	www.neavs.org /betterscience/bettersci_animal_tests_ld50_draize_corrosovity.htm (807 words)

	SchoolIPM - Technical Information - Pests - Subterranean Termite Control
		LD50 refers to the amount of insecticide necessary to cause mortality in 50% of test animals.
		For instance, if the Rat LD50 of a compound is 500, this means that it required 500 mg of an active ingredient to kill 50% of a population of rats which each weigh 1 kg.
		Two additional routes of exposure for which LD50 values are determined are "Dermal" and "Inhalation".
	schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu /tp10a.html (3040 words)

	LD50 - LawnSite.com - Lawn Care & Landscaping Business Forum
		Actually, LD50 is used to rate ANY substance's ability to be lethal.
		It is usually in grams per kilogram of body weight of subject, therefore if something has an LD50 of 15mg, consuming 15 mg per kg of body weight will kill 50% of the test population.
		I can't remember or find the number but sugar has an LD50 rating as well (it's insanely high, force feeding would be required).
	www.lawnsite.com /showthread.php?t=9752 (273 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)