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Topic: LDL

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LDL cholesterol

Low density lipoprotein

Cholesterol

Hypercholesterolemia

High density lipoprotein

Very low density lipoprotein

Atherosclerosis

Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study

Simvastatin

Statin

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	Cedars-Sinai Heart Center - LDL Apheresis
		LDL refers to what is known as the "bad" cholesterol.
		As blood flows through the hollow fibers of the plasma separator, the plasma is separated and pumped into one of the two LDL adsorption columns.
		As the plasma passes through the column, the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins - LDL, Lp(a) and VLDL - are selectively adsorbed by the dextran sulfate - cellulose beads within the column.
	www.csmc.edu /2350.html (390 words)

	Low density lipoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generally, LDL transports cholesterol and triglycerides away from cells and tissues that produce more than they use, towards cells and tissues which are taking up cholesterol and triglycerides.
		Because LDL transports cholesterol to the arteries, increased levels are associated with atherosclerosis, and thus myocardial infarctions, strokes and peripheral vascular disease.
		LDL is formed as VLDL lipoproteins, which lose triglyceride through the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and become smaller and denser containing a higher proportion of cholesterol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_density_lipoprotein (1028 words)

	Diabetes Care: LDL electronegativity is enhanced in type 1 dia... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LDL was isolated by preparative sequential ultracentrifugation at the density of 1.063 g/ml.
		The amount of conjugated dienes is obtained from the percentage of the height of LDL peak at 234 nm related to the height of LDL peak at 200 nm.
		In LDL obtained from the diabetic patients the content of diene conjugates was not statistically different from the control group (6.22 [+ or -] 1.199% for diabetic subjects vs. 5.509 [+ or -] 0.219% for control subjects).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:107119553&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (872 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: LDL test
		The LDL test is usually done as part of a lipid analysis, which also checks for total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides.
		LDL is carries cholesterol to various tissues throughout the body.
		A healthy LDL level is one that falls in the optimal or near-optimal range.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003495.htm (661 words)

	[No title]
		LDL subclass pattern A is defined as a predominance of large and buoyant particles in the mass distribution of LDL; the size and density of LDL particles correlate inversely.
		Low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) subclass pattern B, also referred to as the atherogenic lipoprotein profile or the small LDL trait, is defined as a predominance of small and dense particles in the mass distribution of LDL; the size and density of LDL particles correlate inversely.
		LDL subclass pattern I indicates a predominance of medium-sized particles in the mass distribution of LDL or similar prevalences of both large and small LDL particles.
	www.antiaging.org /library/lipid_definitions.html (2187 words)

	Science -- Goldstein and Brown 292 (5520): 1310, 2001
		Originally, LDL was implicated in heart disease through epidemiologic and genetic observations in humans and animal models (1).
		LDLs are composed of a collection of spherical particles with an average diameter of 22 nanometers.
		Thus, although the principal job of LDL is to transport cholesterol, and although its metabolism is regulated in response to cellular demands for cholesterol, the pathological consequence of its accumulation may be traced to the localized deposition of its fatty acids at sites of damage in artery walls.
	people.bu.edu /sobieraj/ed/CholSchema.html (1956 words)

	LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol
		LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is the “bad” cholesterol, which carries mostly fat and only a small amount of protein from the liver to other parts of the body.
		A high LDL cholesterol level is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease because, under certain conditions, it can cause hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
		An LDL cholesterol level of 100 to 129 mg/dL (2.6 to 3.35 mmol/L) is considered near optimal.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/stl158077.asp?navbar=hw207814 (223 words)

	Neurological Research: Inhibition of human LDL oxidation by the neuroportective drug I-deprenyl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LDL was isolated from freshly collected blood and the kinetics of copper induced oxidation of LDL was monitored continuously by spectrophotometry.
		LDL is transported to the brain by a carrier and it is susceptible to oxidation in the highly oxygen- and lipid-enriched environment of the brain14.
		The kinetics of oxidation of LDL was measured by continuously monitoring the change of the absorbency of the conjugated dienes at 234 nm spectrophotometrically as previously described33.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3909/is_200203/ai_n9049341 (1303 words)

	Number 110
		For the current LDL normal ranges and target levels to be used, it is necessary that the LDL concentration reflect IDL and Lp(a) in the LDL measurement.
		Published evaluations of current direct LDL tests indicate that correlation between a direct LDL method to the reference method was no better than the correlation observed using the Friedewald equation, when triglycerides are between 200 mg/dL and 400 mg/dL.
		The NCEP advises that it is necessary that LDL measurements reflect the contributions of all three atheroigenic lipoprotein contributors to successfully use the common risk-related guidelines for LDL-cholesterol.
	www.bestest.com /products/cholestech/number_110_may.htm (1040 words)

	CHIROWEB \| DC Archives - Cholesterol Update: Oxidized and Nonoxidized LDL Cholesterol
		In one study, 20 diabetics with elevated LDL oxidation measures were placed on placebo for eight weeks, followed by 12 weeks of beta carotene (24 mg), vitamin C (1,000 mg), and vitamin E (800 IU of d-alpha tocopherol).
		Although oxidized, or "damaged" LDL cholesterol undoubtedly plays an important role in the genesis of arterial disease, evidence shows that even if LDL is prevented from oxidizing, it might still be a dangerous entity.
		The LDL cholesterol mediated caveolin-induced loss of eNOS function is thought to be an important early cause of blood vessel endothelial cell malfunction-a predisposing factor related to the development of atherosclerosis.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/19/11/20.html (1661 words)

	Small, Dense LDL and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - Connecticut
		One of the issues has been whether or not small, dense LDL are independent predictors of CHD or part of a group of risk factors in the atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or insulin resistance syndrome.
		LDL size was significantly smaller among all CHD cases than controls, but this was not so for women analyzed alone as it was for men, presumably due to the small sample size.
		The striking findings were that when the patient had small LDL, the risk of IHD was 6.2 fold increased when apoprotein B was greater than or equal to 120 mg/dl (p less than 0.001) and 4.9 fold increased when Chol/HDL ratio was greater than or equal to 6.0 (p equal to 0.001).
	www.saintfranciscare.com /15784.cfm (901 words)

	Search Results: ldl - ABCNEWS.com
		She said Clinton's cholesterol was elevated at 233 with an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the so-called bad cholesterol, rising to 177 from 134 in his...
		The test for LDL is used to predict your risk of developing heart disease.
		LDL carry most of the cholesterol in the blood, and the cholesterol from LDL is...
	infospace.abcnews.com /_1_ZU5T7O03GG6FHY__info.abcnws/dog/results?otmpl=dog/webresults.htm&qcat=web&ran=&qkw=ldl (1112 words)

	HHMI News: Moderate Lifetime Reductions in LDL Cholesterol Dramatically Reduce Risk of Heart Disease
		LDL cholesterol, a waxy substance that can build up and clog arteries, is an essential factor in the initiation and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD).
		The level of LDL in the blood varies widely among individuals, and is determined by a complicated interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
		For example, physicians might prescribe statins to patients whose LDL levels, while elevated, are not as high as the point at which the drugs are currently recommended, she said.
	www.hhmi.org /news/hobbs20060322.html (1512 words)

	LDL and HDL Cholesterol: What's Bad and What's Good?
		Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as “bad” cholesterol.
		When too much LDL (bad) cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain. Together with other substances, it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can narrow the arteries and make them less flexible. This condition is known as atherosclerosis.
		A high level of Lp(a) is a significant risk factor for the premature development of fatty deposits in arteries.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=180 (376 words)

	Healthopedia.com - LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
		LDL is also called the bad carrier for cholesterol.
		The LDL test is usually done as part of a lipid profile test that also includes total cholesterol, HDL test, and triglycerides.
		An LDL test may also be ordered to evaluate disorders of the kidney, liver, or thyroid gland.
	www.healthopedia.com /ldl (526 words)

	LDL (low-density lipoprotein) definition - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and heart ...
		LDL (low-density lipoprotein): A molecule that is a combination of lipid (fat) and protein.
		Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol from the liver to the tissues of the body.
		LDL cholesterol is therefore considered the "bad" cholesterol.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6232 (182 words)

	Welcome to Mercodia - US
		The proposed pro-atherogenic properties of small LDL particles may relate to their ability to penetrate the arterial wall [14], to bind more easily to arterial proteoglycans [15], and thus be more susceptible to oxidation [16].
		Oxidized LDL is a very complicated particle and the measurement of its nature at a single epitope has the inherent problem of not recognizing this heterogeneity.
		Circulating oxidized LDL is a useful marker for identifying patients with coronary artery disease.
	www.mercodia.se /us/news.asp?sub_id=25 (1497 words)

	May 1997 - LDL Apheresis
		Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder which results from mutations involving the gene encoding the LDL receptor.
		The rare homozygous form is characterized by premature atherosclerosis at a very young age (first 10 years of life); myocardial infarction-related mortality usually occurs by the age of 25 years.
		The time-averaged lowering of LDL falls in the range of 40-60% depending on how often the treatment is performed (usually every 1-2 weeks).
	www.itxm.org /TMU1997/tmu5-97.htm (1029 words)

	LDL cholesterol: Low, lower, and lower still—TheFamily Health Guide
		The overall message on "bad" LDL cholesterol is much the same as it has been: Lower is better and how low your level should be depends on your cardiovascular risk factors.
		These revisions say that an LDL level under 70 should be a "therapeutic option" for people at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease; the previous guidelines set under 100 as the LDL goal for people at high cardiovascular risk and didn't have a separate very-high-risk category or mention therapeutic options.
		First, if LDL levels are pushed down to 60 or so with statins, the risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular events falls further than if LDL levels are pushed down to just 90 or so.
	www.health.harvard.edu /fhg/updates/update1104b.shtml (740 words)

	Anti-Phosphorylcholine Mediated Enhancement of LDL Uptake by Monocytes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Detection of associated LDL with monocytes was determined either using LDL-Alexa488 or by staining for unlabelled LDL with the lipophilic bodipy (493/503) dye.
		The direct binding of anti-PC to LDL increased from 29% to 77% during incubation from 24h to 48h.
		Association of LDL with monocytes in cultures containing anti-PC increased over the first 24 h in culture compared to control cultures lacking anti-PC, and then became indistinguishable from controls at 48 hours.
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2004Hawaii/techprogram/abstract_43836.htm (341 words)

	News - Statins Significantly Reduce LDL levels, Ischaemic Heart Disease and Stroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Statins significantly lower LDL cholesterol and thereby reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke, according to a recent British review.
		The 3 analyses consisted of 164 short-term randomised placebo controlled trials regarding 6 statins and LDL cholesterol reduction in 24,000 treated patients; 58 randomised trials regarding cholesterol reduction and IHD events that included 76,359 treated patients; and 9 cohort studies and the same 58 trials regarding stroke.
		In addition, an LDL cholesterol reduction of 1.0 mmol/L resulted in an 11% decreased risk of IHD events in the first year.
	docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D5C0062E6A3 (495 words)

	UT-Houston Health Science Center - Health Leader, Lowering Your LDL Cholesterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If your LDL ("bad") cholesterol is high, and you are at risk for heart disease, your health care provider may advise you to lower your cholesterol with some "TLC." That means "Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes," under the new cholesterol treatment guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
		Recent clinical studies have shown that lowering your LDL cholesterol can reduce your short-term risk for heart disease by as much as 40 percent and possibly more over the long term.
		The TLC diet, for anyone whose LDL cholesterol is above goal level, limits the saturated fat you eat to less than 7 percent of your total caloric intake for a day.
	www.uthouston.edu /HLeader/archive/heartandstroke/020207 (371 words)

	Annotation M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Choice and starting dose should be dictated by the required LDL reduction, as statins differ in their potency.
		Aggressiveness of LDL Reduction: There is no direct evidence from RCTs that demonstrates a net benefit (in terms of clinically relevant endpoints) of treating to an LDL goal of less than 130 mg/dL.
		Following a mean follow-up of five years, the gemfibrozil treatment arm saw a 22 percent relative risk reduction in the combined end point of nonfatal myocardial infarction or death due to cardiovascular disease, and a 25 percent reduction in stroke.
	www.oqp.med.va.gov /cpg/IHD/IHD_CPG/CONTENT/Module_G/G_M_anno.htm (700 words)

	Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs
		In some cases, a physician may decide that using cholesterol-lowering drugs at lower LDL cholesterol levels is justified.
		Statin drugs are very effective for lowering LDL cholesterol levels and have few immediate short-term side effects.
		Another class of drugs for lowering LDL is the bile acid sequestrants — colesevelam, cholestyramine and colestipol — and nicotinic acid (niacin).
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4510 (665 words)

	Lowering LDL levels, Testing LDL
		For the overall category of high-risk patients, the update lowers the threshold for drug therapy to an LDL of 100 mg/dL or higher and recommends drug therapy for those high-risk patients whose LDL is 100 to 129 mg/dL.
		The NCEP defines high-risk patients as those who have coronary heart disease or disease of the blood vessels to the brain or extremities, or diabetes, or multiple (2 or more) risk factors (e.g., smoking, hypertension) that give them a greater than 20 percent chance of having a heart attack within 10 years.
		For high-risk or moderately high-risk patients, the report advises that the intensity of LDL-lowering drug therapy be sufficient to achieve at least a 30 to 40 percent reduction in LDL levels.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /heartcenter/pub/news/archive/2004/NCEPLDL7_13.asp (1560 words)

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