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Topic: LH receptor

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	Female Reproduction
		The receptors for LH and FSH belong to a group of glycoproteins that are characterized by relatively large extracellular domains in the amino terminal, composed of leucine-rich repeats which are connected to a "serpentine" structure that repeatedly crosses the plasma membrane, leaving the carboxy terminus tail in the cytoplasm.
		Hormone-induced activation of the receptors results in the internalization of the hormone-receptor complex, and a portion of the receptors is routed to a recycling pathway.
		Desensitization of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor in ovarian follicular membranes is inhibited by catalytically inactive ARNO.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /about/cpr/rs/report/female_reproduction.htm (8760 words)

	Endotext.com - Female Reproductive Endocrinology - Morphology and Physiology of the Ovary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Competence of the preovulatory follicle to respond to the inductive stimulus of the LH surge by undergoing ovulation involves the expression of LH receptors in the granulosa cells.
		The interpretation is that the oocyte is responsible for inhibiting the expression of granulosa LH receptors in the developing Graafian follicle until the onset of the preovulatory stage.
		The mature LH receptor has a long extracellular NH2 terminus ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain containing seven hydrophobic a helices that integrate the LH receptor to the membrane, and an intracellular COOH-terminus domain that interacts with residues of the third intracellular loop I3 to activate the G proteins.
	www.endotext.org /female/female1/female1_3.htm (1838 words)

	Developmental changes in levels of luteinizing hormone receptor and androgen receptor in rat Leydig cells. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Levels of LH receptor were estimated by Scatchard analysis of binding to [125I]hCG, and levels of LH receptor mRNA were determined by Northern blot analysis using a rat LH receptor antisense RNA probe.
		The numbers of LH receptors per cell measured by the binding study were 2,623 +/- 1,110 in PLC, 9,024 +/- 1,992 in ILC, and 39,896 +/- 15,234 in ALC (mean +/- SEM of four replicate experiments; ALC significantly greater than either PLC or ILC at P less than 0.05).
		The observation that both LH and AR levels were lower in PLC compared to ILC is consistent with the hypothesis that the former are progenitors of Leydig cells.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_1505454.html (346 words)

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its agonist inhibit testicular luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenesis in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The direct effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonist on testicular LH receptor and steroidogenesis was studied in hypophysectomized immature and adult rats.
		The inhibitory effect of GnRH was shown to be the result of decreases in the concentration of LH receptor rather than changes in the receptor affinity (Kd = 1.1 X 10(-10)M).
		Similar inhibitory effects of GnRH and the agonist on testicular LH receptor were demonstrated in adult hypophysectomized rats.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6250797.html (338 words)

	Gene Information
		Transcripts for the LH receptor were observed in oocytes and zygotes and morula- and blastocyst-stage embryos, whereas no message was detected in embryos at the 2-cell and 4-cell stage.
		The LH receptor is present in theca cells from secondary and larger follicles.
		Serum LH levels were greatly elevated, and FSH levels were moderately elevated in both sexes; estradiol and progesterone levels decreased but were not totally suppressed in females; testosterone levels were dramatically decreased and estradiol levels moderately elevated in males.
	ovary.stanford.edu /4_display.html?rec=1 (1097 words)

	Male LH-Independent Sexual Precocity in a 3.5-Year-Old Boy Caused by a Somatic Activating Mutation of the LH Receptor ...
		in whom a somatic mutation of the LH receptor gene was detected.
		cascade in the absence of LH or hCG.
		Somatic and germline mutations of the TSH receptor gene in thyroid disease.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/3/1052 (2877 words)

	Effect of Prolactin on the Expression of Luteinizing Hormone Receptors during Cell Differentiation in Cultured Rat ...
		by FSH ( 4, 10, 26), LH ( 4), or PRL ( 10, 26).
		by FSH and LH ( 4, 10, 26).
		Casper RF, Erickson GF 1981 In vitro heteroregulation of LH receptors by prolactin and FSH in rat granulosa cells.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/140/8/3444 (5371 words)

	Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone/Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Expression: A Perspective -- Menon et al. 70 ...
		whereas exon 11 encodes for the remainder of the receptor [ 45 ].
		to increased degradation of the receptor mRNA as opposed to
		Shenker A. Activating mutations of the lutropin choriogonadotropin receptor in precocious puberty.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/70/4/861 (4494 words)

	Coordinate Release of ATP and GABA at In Vitro Synapses of Lateral Hypothalamic Neurons -- Jo and Role 22 (12): 4794 -- ...
		Stimulus-evoked transmission mediated by the activation of ATP P2X receptors at postnatal mouse LH synapses in vitro.
		Corelease of ATP and GABA at postnatal mouse LH synapses in vitro.
		Robertson SJ, Edwards FA (1998) ATP and glutamate are released from separate neurones in the rat medial habenula nucleus: frequency dependence and adenosine-mediated inhibition of release.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/12/4794 (6541 words)

	Extragonadal Luteinizing Hormone Receptors in the Reproductive Tract of Domestic Animals -- Fields and Shemesh 71 (5): ...
		Expression of functional luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and its messenger ribonucleic acid in bovine endometrium: LH augmentation of cAMP and inositol phosphate in vitro and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) augmentation of peripheral prostaglandin in vivo.
		Characterization of an antiserum to the rat luteal luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor.
		Ziecik AJ, Stepien A, Gawronska B. Importance of endometrial luteinizing hormone receptors in induction of luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/71/5/1412 (5046 words)

	Newsletter * Center for Reproductive Science (CRS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The active LH receptor then initiates a signal which is propagated via a signal transduction pathway to the nucleus.
		The novel aspect of this mechanism is that the LH receptor activates a small signaling cascade of its own in the plasma membrane, resulting in the release of beta-arrestin from its membrane docking site and binding of beta-arrestin to the LH receptor.
		The LH receptor is believed to have a looped structure that criss-crosses the plasma membrane of cells seven times, resulting in loops outside of the cell (or extracellular loops) and loops inside the cell or intracellular loops.
	www.northwestern.edu /research/crs/newsLetter/spring2001.html (2494 words)

	Tumor that causes type of early puberty in boys is linked to gene mutation
		In the mutated form, the LH receptor causes rapid growth (hyperplasia) of Leydig cells and overproduction of testosterone without the hormonal signals normally required from the pituitary.
		The LH receptor is a member of a family of proteins called G-coupled protein receptors.
		"The effects of different mutations of the LH receptor gene may further understanding of the signal pathways involved in progression from hyperplasia to tumor growth in endocrine tissues," Shenker said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-12/NU-Ttct-011299.php (469 words)

	G MEDURI AND OTHERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Specially striking was the existence in the preovulatory follicle of inner layers of theca interna cells devoid of LH receptor and the confinement in the corpus luteum of the LH receptor to the external cellular layers.
		In preovulatory follicles the inner layers of theca cells which were not labelled with anti-LH receptor antibodies appeared to express the steroidogenic enzymes in a way similar to that of the outer LH receptor-positive cell layers.
		Thus the down- regulation of LH receptor appeared to be reversible in the external thecal layers but irreversible in the granulosa cells.
	journals.endocrinology.org /joe/148/joe1480435.htm (455 words)

	The Basolateral Localization Signal of the Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor -- Beau et al. 273 (29): 18610 -- ...
		Note that a variable proportion of the precursor high mannose receptor localized in the endoplasmic reticulum coprecipitates with the mature receptor present on the cell surface.
		The percentage of apical receptor is indicated on the right and corresponds to the average of at least two experiments.
		The wild-type receptor is mainly restricted to the basolateral surface, whereas the mutants are present in both apical and basolateral surfaces.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/273/29/18610 (5694 words)

	Tae H. Ji's Publications
		Modulation of high affinity hormone binding: human choriogonadotropin binding to the exodomain of the receptor is influenced by exoloop 2 of the receptor.
		Roles of transmembrane prolines and proline induced kinks of the lutropin and choriogonadotropin receptor.
		Lys91 and His90 of the a subunit are crucial for receptor binding and hormone action of FSH and Play hormone specific roles in FSH and hCG.
	www.chem.uky.edu /research/ji/publications.html (1496 words)

	Acute Signaling by the LH Receptor Is Independent of Protein Kinase C Activation -- Salvador et al. 143 (8): 2986 -- ...
		Acute Signaling by the LH Receptor Is Independent of Protein Kinase C Activation -- Salvador et al.
		of LH receptor agonists or subovulatory LH receptor agonists
		phosphorylation, is not a consequence of LH receptor activation.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/143/8/2986 (5490 words)

	A Limited Repertoire of Mutations of the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Receptor Gene in Familial and Sporadic Patients with ...
		A Limited Repertoire of Mutations of the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Receptor Gene in Familial and Sporadic Patients with Male LH-Independent Precocious Puberty -- Kremer et al.
		994 Activating mutations of the LH receptor in sporadic male gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty.
		1993 Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/3/1136 (3178 words)

	Luteinizing hormone receptor database of the department of Endocrinology & Reproduction of the Erasmus University ...
		This is the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor mutation database
		The LH receptor plays an important role in male sex differentiation and in male and female fertility.
		All three glycoprotein hormone receptors contain a large ligand-binding domain, that alone is sufficient for high affinity ligand binding, at the N-terminus upstream of the transmembrane domain.
	www2.eur.nl /fgg/endov/lhr.html (1258 words)

	p219 : The Role of Exon 10 of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in hCG/LH Binding and Signal Transduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The LH receptor (LHR) mediates the action of two hormones: pituitary LH and placental hCG.
		Binding experiments showed that the affinity of LH to the wild type LHR (wt) or to LHR without exon 10 (-ex10) is not significantly different (EC50: wt 12.96±5.83 pmol/ml vs. -ex10 21.61±4.27 pmol/ml, n=4).
		This indicates a possible role of exon 10 in receptor activation induced by conformational changes of the receptor upon hormone binding.
	www.thieme.de /abstracts/eced/abstracts2002/daten/p219.html (369 words)

	Co-evolution of ligand-receptor pairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Residues between the 11lth and 12th cysteines restrict FSH receptor binding; residues between the 10th and 11th cysteines and, to a much lesser extent, residues carboxy-terminal to the 11th cysteine also affect LH receptor binding.
		Ligand-binding specificity of the LH receptor is determined by residues encoded by parts of exons 2−4 and 7−9 which prevent hFSH binding but have little effect on hCG binding.
		FSH receptor specificity is controlled primarily by residues encoded by exons 5 and 6 that prevent hCG binding but have little effect on hFSH binding.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/368251a0 (396 words)

	69 : Deciphering the exon 10 splicing mechanism of the LH receptor gene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Deciphering the exon 10 splicing mechanism of the LH receptor gene
		During male sexual differentiation hCG promotes testosterone production in utero, while LH postnatally is required for virilisation and the onset and maintenance of spermatogenesis.
		We have recently shown that a deletion of exon 10 of the human LHR does not affect hCG action while LH action is impaired (1).
	www.thieme.de /abstracts/eced/abstracts2003/daten/69.html (520 words)

	Biomedical Sciences faculty - D.A. Roess - Colorado State University
		One area of study is the molecular motions of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors on luteal and Leydig cells.
		Movement of molecules, such as the LH receptor, in a membrane is affected by receptor and hormone structure, cytoskeletal components capable of physically anchoring the LH receptor in the membrane, and by interactions of the receptor with other membrane proteins.
		The rotational diffusion of LH receptors differs when receptors are occupied by hCG versus LH and is increased by cytochalasin D. Biochim Biophys Acta 1357:98-106.
	www.cvmbs.colostate.edu /bms/roess.htm (370 words)

	An apolipoprotein E synthetic peptide selectively modulates the transcription of the gene for rat ovarian theca and ...
		TIC (50,000 cells/0.25 ml medium/well) were stimulated with LH (1.0 ng/ml) ± increasing concentrations of the apoE peptide.
		TIC (50,000 cells/0.25 ml medium/well) were cultured without LH, or stimulated with LH of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 ng/ml in the presence of increasing apoE peptide.
		LH concentrations similar to those that occur during the LH surge in vivo suppress lyase gene expression ( 20) ( 21) ( 22)
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/39/12/2406 (5254 words)

	J GROMOLL et al.: Inactivating LH receptor mutation (European Journal of Endocrinology) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A homozygous mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor causes partial Leydig cell hypoplasia: correlation between receptor activity and phenotype.
		An inactivating mutation of the luteinizing hormone receptor causes amenorrhea in a 46,XX female.
		The six N-linked carbohydrates of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor are not absolutely required for correct folding, cell surface expression, hormone binding, or signal transduction.
	www.eje.org /eje/147/0597/eje1470597.htm (940 words)

	The ERK Signaling Cascade Inhibits Gonadotropin-stimulated Steroidogenesis -- Seger et al. 276 (17): 13957 -- Journal ...
		The response of granulosa cells to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is mediated mainly by cAMP/protein
		steroidogenesis is the desensitization of the gonadotropin receptor
		It has previously been shown that ovarian granulosa cell ERK is activated (2-5-fold) in response to LH and FSH ( 12, 13).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/17/13957 (6342 words)

	Novel insertion frameshift mutation of the LH receptor gene: problematic clinical distinction of Leydig cell hypoplasia ...
		Novel insertion frameshift mutation of the LH receptor gene: problematic clinical distinction of Leydig cell hypoplasia from enzyme defects primarily affecting testosterone biosynthesis -- Richter-Unruh et al.
		Novel insertion frameshift mutation of the LH receptor gene: problematic clinical distinction of Leydig cell hypoplasia from enzyme defects primarily affecting testosterone biosynthesis
		shift mutation in the LH receptor gene ever reported to date.
	www.eje-online.org /cgi/content/abstract/152/2/255 (327 words)

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