LK Lander - Factbites

LK Lander - Factbites
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Topic: LK Lander

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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)

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	Lunar Module (LK)
		The Lunar Lander, or LK, was developed as a part of the L3 lunar expeditionary complex carried aloft by the N1 rocket.
		A virtual copy of the the Soviet LK lander recreates key stages of the Soviet lunar expedition, as it was envisioned by its designers in the 1960s, but never took place.
		The ascent stage of the LK lander blasts off from the surface of the Moon: Click to play: 1.2 MB QuickTime / 7 sec.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /lk.html (597 words)

	Lunii Korabl main
		The task of designing and building the LK went to the Yangel design bureau in the Ukraine.
		Work proceeded on the LK, but numerous engineering difficulties arose: the low payload weight available allowed for almost no reserve fuel, thus making landing potentially more difficult.
		Initial plans called for the first launch of the N1 to be in 1966, and the first lunar landing as early as 1967, 2 years before the Americans.
	www.deepcold.com /deepcold/lk_main.html (295 words)

	LK
		The entrance hatch to the LK lunar lander.
		LK landers are preserved at the MAI museum in Moscow (this is a flight model that was displayed at Eurodisneyland in 1997), the MAI museum at Orevo (an engineering article), St Petersburg, the Energia plant at Korolev, north of Moscow, and at KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine.
		The R-9 and RT-2 ICBM's, the orbital, circumlunar, and lunar orbiter versions of Soyuz, the LK lunar lander, the N1 booster -- all were 'equal'.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/lk.htm (15539 words)

	Recommended
		Russian-language account of the design and development of the LK lunar lander.
		Kelly, Thomas J, Moon Lander, Smithsonian Books, 2001.
		Von Braun's plans for a reusable space shuttle, an earth orbit space station, and a manned lunar orbiter are presented to the American public for the first time, made real by Bonestells' paintings.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/recended.htm (8275 words)

	Soyuz 7K-LOK
		Unlike the CSM, the Soviet LK lunar lander and LOK lunar orbiter would be braked into lunar orbit by a separate stage, the Block D. Therefore the propulsion system of the LOK would be needed only for the critical manoeuvre of propelling the spacecraft on the return trip for lunar orbit toward the earth.
		In the original 1964 N1-L3 lunar mission scenario, the LOK, the LK lunar lander, and the Block D deceleration stage would be inserted into lunar orbit by a burn of the Block D. Trim manoeuvres would bring the assembly into a 20 km x 100 km orbit by orbit 14.
		The R-9 and RT-2 ICBM's, the orbital, circumlunar, and lunar orbiter versions of Soyuz, the LK lunar lander, the N1 booster -- all were 'equal'.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soy7klok.htm (14707 words)

	Lunar Module (LK)
		The Lunar Lander, or LK, was developed as a part of the L3 lunar expeditionary complex carried aloft by the N1 rocket.
		A virtual copy of the the Soviet LK lander recreates key stages of the Soviet lunar expedition, as it was envisioned by its designers in the 1960s, but never took place.
		LK and LOK spacecraft dock in the lunar orbit.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /lk.html (14707 words)

	Soyuz 7K-LOK
		In the original 1964 N1-L3 lunar mission scenario, the LOK, the LK lunar lander, and the Block D deceleration stage would be inserted into lunar orbit by a burn of the Block D. Trim manoeuvres would bring the assembly into a 20 km x 100 km orbit by orbit 14.
		The design mission of the LOK was house the mission crew and provide a means of escape during the trip to lunar orbit, to rendezvous and dock with the LK after its return from the lunar surface, and then return the cosmonauts and their lunar samples to earth.
		It connected the LOK to the payload shroud surrounding the LK and Block D stages during the trip to the moon until the LK/Block D separated from the LOK.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soy7klok.htm (14707 words)

	Chronology of the Moon Race
		A test of the LK lunar lander in the Earth orbit.
		July 14-17: The Surveyor-4 lander crashes on the lunar surface.
		20-23: The Surveyor-2 lander crashes on the lunar surface.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /chronology_moon_race.html (3504 words)

	Four Encarta encyclopedia articles
		He used his influence to preserve an LK lander - the one seen by the MIT professors in November 1989.
		In an unheated warehouse at Moscow Aviation Institute, a leading aerospace college in the Soviet capital, their guide showed them a bug-like moon lander.
		The dusty moon lander in Moscow gave no sign that the Soviets still reached for the moon four years after the last U.S. Apollo astronaut returned to Earth, nor that much Russian space technology today owes its origins to the failed Soviet lunar program.
	members.aol.com /dsfportree/sovmoon.htm (6046 words)

	Soyuz 7K-LOK
		In the forward hemisphere a cupola was installed, allowing the cosmonaut a direct forward view in order to make a manual visual docking with the LK lunar lander.
		LOK Orbital Module, close-up of cupola for use of cosmonaut in docking with LK.
		The cosmonaut would look through the cupola to accomplish manual docking with the LK after its return from the lunar surface.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soy7klok.htm (14740 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		The Soviet lunar lander, known as the Lunar Cabin (LK), was half the size and one-third the mass of the Apollo Lunar Module, and intended to carry one cosmonaut to the Moon�s surface while the Lunar Orbiter Cabin (LOK) remained in lunar orbit with the second crewmember.
		The prototype lunar lander was successfully tested in Earth orbit, without a crew, three times in 1970-71 under the name Cosmos.
		This program, known as L-3, included an orbiter and a lander.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (14740 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		The Soviet lunar lander, known as the Lunar Cabin (LK), was half the size and one-third the mass of the Apollo Lunar Module, and intended to carry one cosmonaut to the Moon’s surface while the Lunar Orbiter Cabin (LOK) remained in lunar orbit with the second crewmember.
		The prototype lunar lander was successfully tested in Earth orbit, without a crew, three times in 1970-71 under the name Cosmos.
		This program, known as L-3, included an orbiter and a lander.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (14740 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		The Soviet lunar lander, known as the Lunar Cabin (LK), was half the size and one-third the mass of the Apollo Lunar Module, and intended to carry one cosmonaut to the Moon’s surface while the Lunar Orbiter Cabin (LOK) remained in lunar orbit with the second crewmember.
		The prototype lunar lander was successfully tested in Earth orbit, without a crew, three times in 1970-71 under the name Cosmos.
		This program, known as L-3, included an orbiter and a lander.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (14740 words)

	LK
		The entrance hatch to the LK lunar lander.
		The R-9 and RT-2 ICBM's, the orbital, circumlunar, and lunar orbiter versions of Soyuz, the LK lunar lander, the N1 booster -- all were 'equal'.
		Studies of Ranger photographs of the lunar surface indicated that the 100 m requirement meant that it was most likely the LK would land in a crater of 7 m diameter.
	astronautix.com /craft/lk.htm (15562 words)

	LOK Energia
		The LOK and LK lander would be inserted into lunar orbit by separate Energia launches.
		After rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit, three of the five crew aboard the LOK would transfer to the LK and descend to the lunar surface.
		I had the ambition to not only go farther than man had gone before, but to go as far as it was possible to go.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/lokergia.htm (245 words)

	Four Encarta encyclopedia articles
		The lander and landing stage docked in lunar orbit, then the stage fired its engine to lower the lander to the surface.
		The cosmonaut spacewalked back to LOK, LK was cast off, then LOK fired its rocket to return to Earth.
		Landing men on the moon, a far greater challenge, required a rocket capable of putting into orbit much more payload than the R-7 could manage.
	members.aol.com /dsfportree/sovmoon.htm (6046 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		The Soviet lunar lander, known as the Lunar Cabin (LK), was half the size and one-third the mass of the Apollo Lunar Module, and intended to carry one cosmonaut to the Moon’s surface while the Lunar Orbiter Cabin (LOK) remained in lunar orbit with the second crewmember.
		The prototype lunar lander was successfully tested in Earth orbit, without a crew, three times in 1970-71 under the name Cosmos.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (6046 words)

	LK
		The entrance hatch to the LK lunar lander.
		The R-9 and RT-2 ICBM's, the orbital, circumlunar, and lunar orbiter versions of Soyuz, the LK lunar lander, the N1 booster -- all were 'equal'.
		Studies of Ranger photographs of the lunar surface indicated that the 100 m requirement meant that it was most likely the LK would land in a crater of 7 m diameter.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/lk.htm (15566 words)

	N1
		This had been preceded by two years of working on a draft project for the LK lunar lander and its propulsion system.
		But there was no money for full scale development-- no code name from Gosplan against which to charge such work.
		It was annoying that Chelomei, Glushko, and Yangel were wasting resources on alternate designs at the same time.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/n1.htm (10120 words)

	Your Flight Has Been Cancelled....
		Would have simulated the passive LK lunar lander in an earth-orbit test of the Kontakt docking system.
		The list consisted of USAF test pilots Robert Walker, Scott Crossfield, Neil Armstrong, Robert Rushworth, William Bridgeman, Alvin White, Iven Kincheloe, Robert White, and Jack McKay.
		In order to beat the Russians around the moon, it was decided that the E mission would be cancelled and instead Borman's crew would fly an Apollo CSM into lunar orbit.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/youelled.htm (10120 words)

	Your Flight Has Been Cancelled....
		The Kontakt system designed for the lunar orbit rendezvous and docking of the LOK lunar orbiter and LK lunar lander was to be mounted on two Soyuz spacecraft and tested in earth orbit.
		By late 1968, Apollo 7 had flown the Apollo C mission, but delays with the lunar module meant that neither the D or E profile missions could be flown.
		Apollo 19 was originally planned to land in the Hyginus Rille region, which would allow study of lunar linear rilles and craters.The original July 1972 landing date was extended when NASA cancelled the Apollo 20 mission in January 1970.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/youelled.htm (10120 words)

	Your Flight Has Been Cancelled....
		The Kontakt system designed for the lunar orbit rendezvous and docking of the LOK lunar orbiter and LK lunar lander was to be mounted on two Soyuz spacecraft and tested in earth orbit.
		By late 1968, Apollo 7 had flown the Apollo C mission, but delays with the lunar module meant that neither the D or E profile missions could be flown.
		Apollo 19 was originally planned to land in the Hyginus Rille region, which would allow study of lunar linear rilles and craters.The original July 1972 landing date was extended when NASA cancelled the Apollo 20 mission in January 1970.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/youelled.htm (10120 words)

	Your Flight Has Been Cancelled....
		The Kontakt system designed for the lunar orbit rendezvous and docking of the LOK lunar orbiter and LK lunar lander was to be mounted on two Soyuz spacecraft and tested in earth orbit.
		By late 1968, Apollo 7 had flown the Apollo C mission, but delays with the lunar module meant that neither the D or E profile missions could be flown.
		Apollo 19 was originally planned to land in the Hyginus Rille region, which would allow study of lunar linear rilles and craters.The original July 1972 landing date was extended when NASA cancelled the Apollo 20 mission in January 1970.
	www.friends-partners.org /mwade/articles/youelled.htm (10120 words)

	LK
		The L3 concept was still the same as in the August decree - 2 cosmonauts aboard the LOK orbiter, one aboard the LK lander.
		Chelomei was to develop the LK-1 for the manned lunar flyby while Korolev was to develop the N1-L3 for the manned lunar landing.
		Studies of Ranger photographs of the lunar surface indicated that the 100 m requirement meant that it was most likely the LK would land in a crater of 7 m diameter.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/lk.htm (10120 words)

	Soyuz sn 21
		Soyuz s/n 21 equipped with the passive Kontakt rendezvous/docking system of the LK lunar lander.
		Soyuz s/n 18 - Filipchenko and Grechko; Soyuz s/n 19 - Lazarev and Makarov; Soyuz s/n 20 - Vorobyov and Yazdovsky; Soyuz s/n 21 - Yakovlelv and Porvatkin; Soyuz s/n 22 - Kovalyonok and Isakov; Soyuz s/n 23 - Shcheglov and [illegible].
		Would have served as a docking target for Soyuz s/n 20.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyzsn21.htm (527 words)

	RH Williams Laboratory for Diabetes Research
		Plesner A, Greenbaum CJ, Gaur LK, Ernst RK and Lernmark Å.
		Jacob HJ, Brown DM, Bunker RK, Daly MJ, Dzau VJ, Goodman A, Koike G, Kren V, Kurtz T, Lernmark Å, Levan G, Mao Y, Pettersson A, Pravenec M, Simon JS, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Trolliet MR, Winer ES and Lander ES.
		DR4 subtypes and their molecular properties in a population based study of Swedish childhood diabetes.
	depts.washington.edu /rhwlab/publications.htm (4770 words)

	Chapter 20 -- The Russian Space Programs
		In spite of the disappointment of the Apollo 8 circumlunar mission, the Soviets continued to pursue the Moon landing, L-3 program throughout 1968 with the development of the lunar lander (LK), the Lunar orbiter (LOK), and the N-1 rocket.
		The Soviets regained confidence in their program and talk of a December circumlunar flight emerged from the Cosmonaut training quarters.
		Initially, the Soviet space program was thought to be a number of political "stunts" done to show the rest of the world the superiority of the Communist system.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter20.html (6095 words)

	Klimuk, Pyotr
		Soyuz Kontakt P would have been the passive spacecraft, simulating the LK lunar lander.
		The final dual Soyuz mission to test the Kontakt lunar rendezvous/docking system in Earth orbit was scheduled for early 1973.
		Soyuz 18(B) docked with Salyut 4 from May 25, 1975 to July 26, 1975
	pages.prodigy.net /pxkb94ars/Klimuk_Pyotr.htm (6095 words)

	LK
		The Soviets expected the first test of their LK lander in 1969, and concluded they could not expect to land a Soviet man on the moon until 1972.
		Soviet computer technology was not good enough at that time to equip the LK with an on-board re-programmable digital system.
		The first Soviet space walk was to consist of: planting the flag; deployment of a very limited array of scientific instruments; taking soil samples; photography of the landscape; and cosmonaut commentary on the lunar surface.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/lk.htm (15541 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org Ask Us - Soviet N1 Lunar Rocket
		The reduction in crew allowed the sizes of the LK lander and LOK orbiter to be significantly reduced, and one cosmonaut would remain aboard the orbiter while the second landed on the Moon.
		Just four days after the N1 launch failure, cosmonauts Georgi Dobrovolsky, Viktor Patsayev, and Vladislav Volkov were killed while returning to Earth at the conclusion of their Soyuz 11 mission.
		Despite its size, the payload carried by the N1 was only about 70% as large as that launched to the Moon by the Saturn V. While the Apollo missions carried a crew of three, two of whom would land on the lunar surface, the Soviets designed their craft for only two crewmen.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/spacecraft/q0196.shtml (2100 words)

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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)