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Topic: LOFAR

	Southwestern consortium pursues radio telescope project
		LOFAR is perhaps best described as a "software radio observatory" since much of the power of the instrument will not reside in specialized hardware, as in the Very Large Array, but rather in the advanced, high performance computing technology that will combine the signals from tens of thousands of individual antenna elements to form images.
		LOFAR will be used to study a number of astronomical phenomena, including the evolution of galaxies and the Universe itself, radio transient sources, the physics of intergalactic magnetic fields, the history of supernovae, and the energetic processes near fl holes.
		LOFAR will be an ideal instrument with which to study the radio emissions from the Sun.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-06/danl-scp061203.php (562 words)

	LOFAR - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		LOFAR combines aspects of many of these earlier telescopes — in particular it uses the omni-directional dipole antennae as a phased array using the aperture synthesis technique developed in the 1950s.
		The mission of LOFAR is to survey the universe at radio frequencies from ~10–240 MHz with greater resolution and greater sensitivity than previous surveys, such as the 7C and 8C surveys, and surveys by the Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT).
		Within the Earth’s immediate environment, LOFAR will map irregularities in the ionosphere continuously, detect the ionizing effects of distant gamma ray bursts and the flashes predicted to arise from the highest energy cosmic rays, the origins of which are unclear.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/LOFAR (1459 words)

	MPA :: LOFAR - a new radio telescope in Germany
		LOFAR is the first telescope of its kind: it is the first digital radio telescope and has no moving parts.
		LOFAR is currently under construction by the radio-astronomical institute ASTRON in Dwingeloo in the Netherlands.
		The first LOFAR station with a size of 110 times 60 metres will be constructed this year near the Effelsberg 100m radio telescope in collaboration by ASTRON and the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie in Bonn.
	www.mpa-garching.mpg.de /mpa/institute/news_archives/news0605_lofar/news0605_lofar-en.html (485 words)

	Lofar - a new type of Grid for astrophysics and agriculture funded with euro 52 million (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lofar - Low Frequency Arry telescope- is a large scientifc instrument that consists of thousands of antennae that will be combined in a Wide Area Sensor network linked to a cluster supercomputer.
		Lofar will be used as a telescope, but also for "precision agriculture".
		Lofar is an international consortium of 18 organisations.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/04/articles/monthly/AE-PR-01-04-34.html (342 words)

	:: LOFAR - General Information
		LOFAR started as a new and innovative effort to force a breakthrough in sensitivity for astronomical observations at radio-frequencies below 250 MHz.
		New technology was required to make the next step in sensitivity needed to unravel the secrets of the early universe and the physical processes in the centers of active galactic nuclei.
		LOFAR is the first telescope of this new sort, using an array of simple omni-directional antennas instead of mechanical signal processing with a dish antenna.
	www.lofar.org /p/geninfo.htm (328 words)

	[83.06] The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LOFAR is envisaged to be an interferometer operating in the 10--150~MHz frequency range, and possibly as wide as 3--300~MHz.
		LOFAR will surpass, by 2--3 orders of magnitude, the power of previous imaging instruments in its frequency range, and thus effectively open a new window on the electromagnetic spectrum.
		LOFAR's science objectives include (1)~Study of planetary and solar radio emission processes; (2)~Constraining the three-dimensional distribution of the Galactic cosmic ray gas and studying Galactic supernova remnants and pulsars; and (3)~Imaging the high-redshift Universe, including high-redshift radio galaxies and galaxy clusters and possibly the first structures to form near the epoch of reionization.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v31n5/aas195/258.htm (273 words)

	IUB: LOFAR - a new radio telescope in Germany
		LOFAR is a novel radio telescope for cosmic radio waves that, in a few years time, is going to be the largest telescope on Earth.
		LOFAR is currently under construction by the radio-astronomical institute ASTRON in Dwingeloo in the Netherlands.
		The first LOFAR station with a size of 110 times 60 metres will be constructed this year near Effelsberg in collaboration by ASTRON and the Max-Planck-Institut for Radioastronomy in Bonn.
	www.iu-bremen.de /news/iubnews/09524 (424 words)

	LOFAR: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LOFAR will open up the next level of distributed computing and networking and provide significant visibility for the technology partners involved.
		The additional cost for this expansion of LOFAR is the burden of increased flexibility and a wide range of user demands in terms of bandwidth, robustness, interconnectivity, and services.
		LOFAR is a unique project that combines some of the most advanced aspects of modern technology and science.
	www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de /staff/hfalcke/LOFAR/LOFAR-WASN-concept.htm (1575 words)

	Forget Star Wars -- BlueGene Brightens Galaxy
		"LOFAR will be so sensitive, that we expect to detect signals from the period in the evolution of the universe when, after the big bang, the first stars or galaxies formed (this period is called the epoch of reionization).
		The radio telescope LOPES (LOFAR Prototype Station) uses prototype antennas of LOFAR to be built after 2006 in the Netherlands and parts of Germany.
		LOFAR has a radical new design, combining a multitude of cheap low-frequency antennas which collect the radio signals from the entire sky at once.
	www.hpcwire.com /hpc/386302.html (784 words)

	When Lofar Meets Stella
		The LOFAR (Low Frequency Array) telescope is a new IT radio-telescope which will use about 20,000 simple radio antennae when it's completed in 2008.
		This is the reason why Lofar needs Stella, an IBM supercomputer installed recently in Groningen, also in the Netherlands, to process signals from up to 13 billion light years from Earth.
		LOFAR is the first telescope of this new sort, using an array of simple omni-directional antennas instead of mechanical signal processing with a dish antenna.
	www.primidi.com /2005/05/01.html (620 words)

	Huge radio telescope boasts supercomputer brain - space - 28 April 2005 - New Scientist
		LOFAR needs its own supercomputer because it aims to detect radio wavelengths of up to 30 metres.
		LOFAR will also watch the formation of galaxies, map out the magnetic field of our galaxy and its neighbours, and detect high-energy particles hitting our atmosphere.
		The source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays remains a mystery, but LOFAR should be able to trace a cosmic ray's radio trail back to the particle's origin.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7320 (703 words)

	LOFAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array, is meant to be a large radio telescope that will open up the virgin territory of observations at low radio frequencies for a broad range of astrophysical studies.
		The small town of Exloo in the municipality of Borger-Odoorn was chosen as the center of the LOFAR array.
		A detailed 'ruimtelijke ordening plan' (environmental plan) was developed and presented to the community, followed by detailed negotiations related to land-use which are still continuing.
	www.strw.leidenuniv.nl /annual-reports/annrep03/node92.html (274 words)

	Jobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The LOFAR project will improve the sensitivity and resolution of radio observations at frequencies of 30-240 MHz by orders of magnitude, and perform large surveys as part of its key project program.
		The University of Amsterdam is the lead institute for the LOFAR transient search key project, and is tasked with producing and managing a large data archive of transient events as well as a real-time trigger mechanism for followup of radio transients.
		All positions are for people willing to participate in both the development of the required analysis techniques and in harvesting the scientific results of the early stages of the LOFAR transient key project.
	www.astro.uva.nl /local/jobs/pd_lofar.html (312 words)

	LOFAR
		LOFAR is a unique ICT-project created from the ambition of Dutch scientists to sense the creation of our Universe.
		LOFAR develops this telescope as a network of more than ten thousand sensors.
		LOFAR will be a major new multi-element, interferometric, imaging telescope designed for the 10-240 MHz frequency range.
	www.surfnet.nl /info/en/innovation/gigaport/applications/lightpaths/lofar.jsp (188 words)

	ADASS 2003 Conference Proceedings
		The GSM is expected to be continuously updated and refined during LOFAR operation in a ``closed loop'' of sorts.
		LOFAR is a a large, distributed radio telescope being designed by an international consortium (ASTRON, ATNF, MIT Haystack, NRL).
		Calibration of LOFAR for any observation requires reference sources from all over the sky, due to the extensive side lobes of the instrument.
	www.adass.org /adass/proceedings/adass03/O1-4/O1-4.html (1480 words)

	LOIS - the LOFAR Outrigger In Scandinavia; A System for Earth and Space Observations
		LOIS is the Scandinavian Earth and space observing extension to LOFAR, currently under construction in northwestern Europe.
		LOFAR was originally designed as the world's first software defined and most sensitive observatory for low radio frequencies (10-240 MHz), but has now evolved into a generic sensor network for on-line Earth and space observations.
		October, 2003, at the LOIS (LOFAR Outrigger in Scandinavia) test station site in the Växjö area, Kronoberg County, southern Sweden, a full test station array was deployed in the autumn of 2004 and has been up and running continuously ever since.
	www.lois-space.net /index.html (465 words)

	AN/SSQ-57 Low Frequency Analysis and Recording (LOFAR) Sonobuoy
		The LOFAR sonobuoy is an expendable, omnidirectional passive sonar unit.
		The LOFAR operates from one of 31 RF channels preset during manufacturing.
		The LOFAR, upon self-activation, operates in a passive mode at the preset life and depth.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/systems/an-ssq-57.htm (304 words)

	Joeri van Leeuwen, Berkeley Astronomy Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LOFAR is a low-frequency radio telescope of revolutionary design that is currently being constructed and will be operational in 2007.
		In stark contrast to radio dishes, LOFAR is the first telescope that relies on a central supercomputer to combine the signals of ten thousand individual dipoles to form several extremely sensitive, independently steerable beams on the sky.
		I will discuss the impact LOFAR will have on our research into the epoch of reionisation, transient sources, ultra high energy cosmic rays, deep extragalactic surveys and pulsars.
	www.astro.uu.nl /~jleeuwen/presentations/lofar_2006 (112 words)

	What is the SKA?
		LOFAR is a low-frequency radio telescope proposed by a consortium consisting of MIT (US), the US Naval Research Laboratory and The Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy.
		LOFAR is a smaller-scale project than the SKA, with more conventional antenna designs and lower bandwidth for its signal systems.
		LOFAR and SKA will be able to detect objects so distant that the radiation from them takes billions of years to reach us.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /projects/ska/general/lofar.html (1115 words)

	Haystack, CSR involved in major new digital telescope development - MIT News Office
		"LOFAR's development and array design will be driven by radio astronomy goals to achieve a collecting area of one square kilometer at 15 MHz, and arc-second angular resolution at 150 MHz," said Colin Lonsdale, Haystack's principal investigator for the LOFAR project.
		"An important goal of this week's meeting is to introduce LOFAR to the scientific community, especially within the U.S., and to further define and expand the scientific goals." Around 100 scientists and engineers from 40 institutions in Europe and the United States are participating in the meeting, which runs from Oct. 15-19.
		Given its low frequencies of operation, an adaptive phase-based calibration of the instrument will be required to compensate for ionospheric delays with extremely high precision using astronomical radio sources observed along many lines of sight to the stations.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2001/haystack-1017.html (816 words)

	LOFAR Postdoctoral Fellowships at Netherlands Universities -LEIDEN OBSERVATORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array, is a new large radio telescope that will explore the lowest energy extreme of the accessible spectrum to an unprecedented depth.
		Institutes involved together with ASTRON in the development of LOFAR in the Netherlands include the astronomy departments of the universities of Amsterdam, Groningen, Leiden, Nijmegen and Utrecht.
		In addition to working on LOFAR, the succesful candidates will be able to carry out their own program of research in areas relevant to the LOFAR science drivers.
	www.aas.org /jobreg/backissues/2001/november/no12273.html (355 words)

	astro.cz: LOFAR - nový evropský radioteleskop
		Z tohoto důvodu bude LOFAR sledovat ionosféru a její vliv na "vzhled" pozorovaných objektů.
		Tento "trik" umožní pomocí řady radioteleskopů LOFAR zahájit pozorování nejen známých zdrojů, ale objevovat i zdroje nové.
		Vědci očekávají mnoho nových objevů, protože radioteleskop LOFAR otevírá velkou neznámou oblast elektromagnetického spektra.
	www.astro.cz /clanek/1285 (415 words)

	IBM puts Blue Gene to work on Big Bang \| InfoWorld \| News \| 2004-02-23 \| By Stacy Cowley, IDG News Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lofar, which stands for "Low Frequency Array," will use thousands of radio antennas spread over several hundred miles to detect cosmic signals -- including those from objects so distant their radio signals are believed to have been emitted just after the Big Bang.
		Lofar will have as much as 20 terabytes of data flowing through its pipes each second, he said.
		We're hoping that Lofar will be the first telescope that will be able to see the first objects being formed.
	www.infoworld.com /article/04/02/23/HNbluegenebigbang_1.html (1418 words)

	SkyTonight.com - News from SkyTonight - LOFAR: A Giant Radio Telescope Takes Shape
		To "aim" the telescope toward the Crab Nebula, for example, the LOFAR software inserts the appropriate signal delay for each antenna, so that radio waves from the direction of the Crab arrive in phase and can be added interferometrically.
		Various groups have developed the concept of a "software telescope" like LOFAR over the past years, including the SETI Institute with its Allen Telescope Array and a team at Ohio State University.
		The LOFAR plan is the work of ASTRON, the US Naval Research Laboratory, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Haystack Observatory.
	skytonight.com /news/3309456.html?page=1&c=y (749 words)

	Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL): Southwestern Consortium pursues radio telescope project
		LOS ALAMOS, N.M., June 11, 2003 -- Working closely with Los Alamos National Laboratory as part of the Southwest Consortium, officials at the University of New Mexico announced today that they are leading the effort to propose a new low frequency radio astronomy observatory be built in a region covering New Mexico and Western Texas.
		LOFAR will consist of 100 separate stationsâ“â“each station roughly a football field in size and composed of 100 or more dual-polarization antennasâ“â“scattered across an area about 500 km in diameter.
		Los Alamos enhances global security by ensuring safety and confidence in the U.S. nuclear stockpile, developing technologies to reduce threats from weapons of mass destruction and improving the environmental and nuclear materials legacy of the cold war.
	www.lanl.gov /news/index.php/fuseaction/home.story/story_id/1446 (649 words)

	Joeri van Leeuwen, Berkeley Astronomy Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We investigate the number and type of pulsars that will be discovered with the lowfrequency radio telescope Lofar.
		An all-sky Galactic survey can be optimally carried out by incoherently combining a large number of Lofar stations (large groups of dipoles coherently combined to form a number of beams) at an observing frequency of 140MHz.
		In a 60-day all-sky Galactic survey, Lofar will find approximately 1500 new pulsars, probing the local population of pulsars to a very deep luminosity limit.
	www.astro.uu.nl /~jleeuwen/presentations/lofar_2005 (228 words)

	mobileCatalog: New Planets
		A team of scientists working on a radio telescope called the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) plan to do just that.
		LOFAR is a joint project of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), MIT\\\'s Haystack Observatory, and the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy.
		The LOFAR team has suggested that because many of the known extra-solar planets are much more massive than Jupiter, they also may have larger magnetic fields.
	www.astrobio.net /cgi-bin/mobileCatalog.cgi?sid=263 (1167 words)

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