L-glutamic acid decarboxylase

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Topic: L-glutamic acid decarboxylase

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)

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	An endogenous activator of renal glutamic acid decarboxylase: Effects of adenosine triphosphate, phosphate and chloride on the activity of this enzyme -- Tursky and Bandzuchová 262 (3): 696 -- FEBS Journal
		Drummond, R.J. and Phillips, A.T. -glutamic acid decarboxylase in non-neural tissues of the mouse.
		Solubilization of GAD was inhibited in the homogenate with leupeptin
		5. Time-course of glutamate decarboxylation in homogenates of renal cortex.
	www.ejbiochem.org /cgi/content/full/262/3/696

	An autoantibody inhibitory to glutamic acid decarboxylase in the neurodegenerative disorder Batten disease -- Chattopadhyay et al. 11 (12): 1421 -- Human Molecular Genetics
		An autoantibody inhibitory to glutamic acid decarboxylase in the neurodegenerative disorder Batten disease
		An autoantibody inhibitory to glutamic acid decarboxylase in the neurodegenerative disorder Batten disease -- Chattopadhyay et al.
		acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that is inhibitory to this enzyme's
	hmg.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/12/1421

	Unique Epitopes of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies in Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes -- Kobayashi et al. 88 (10): 4768 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
		-aminobutyric acid synthesis by glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in stiff-man syndrome.
		In vitro transcription/translation and immunoprecipitation of GAD65, GAD67, and chimeric GAD molecules
		acids 1–83, irrespective of the titer of GAD65Ab.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/88/10/4768

	Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD 65/67) antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD 65/67) antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		BACKGROUND : Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes formation of gamma -Aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the inhibitory neurotransmitter, and is present in brain as well as several tissues outside the central nervous system.
		The highest concentrations of GABA are found in the brain, where it is synthesized from glutamic acid to GABA by an enzyme called glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
	www.researchd.com /miscabs/pro16036.htm

	Induction of Insulitis by Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Peptide-specific and HLA-DQ8-restricted CD4+ T Cells from Human DQ Transgenic Mice -- Wen et al. 102 (5): 947 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		Londei (1994) Immunodominant epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
		Fugger, and H.O. McDevitt (1993) Immune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase correlates with insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice.
		GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; STZ, streptozotocin.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/102/5/947

	L-glutamic acid decarboxylase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter
		In the presence of pyridoxal phosphate as cofactor, the enzyme decarboxylates glutamate with the accompanying evolution of CO GAD exists in two isoforms encoded by two different genes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/L-glutamic_acid_decarboxylase

	Time-resolved Fluorometric Assay for Detection of Autoantibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD65) -- Ankelo et al. 49 (6): 908 -- Clinical Chemistry
		Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies are additional predictive markers of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in high risk individuals.
		Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody assay using 125I-labelled recombinant GAD65 produced in yeast.
		Radioimmunoprecipitation assay for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies evaluated clinically with sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/49/6/908

	Horm Metab Res 2001 Jul
		Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; glutamate decarboxylase, L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase;
		Cram, D. S.; Barnett, L. Joseph, J. L.; Harrison, L. Cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of human glutamic acid decarboxylase cDNA from brain and pancreatic islets.
		M.; Harrison, L. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in preclinical insulin-dependent diabetes.
	users.utu.fi /cheluo/PGE2-link.htm

	Gad on Encyclopedia.com
		Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)(sub 65) autoantibodies in prediction of beta-cell function and remission in recent-onset IDDM after cyclosporin treatment.
		High prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies in employees at a polychlorinated biphenyl production factory.
		T-lymphocyte lines specific for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) the 64K beta-cell antigen of IDDM.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Gad.asp

	News - Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Peptides May Be Markers, Possible Therapeutic Targets for Stiff-Person Syndrome: Presented at ANA
		However, the role of glutamic acid decarboxylase as the responsible autoantigen is unclear, because its antibodies are found in diverse illnesses, such as diabetes and epilepsy.
		To determine the role of GABA-related peptides in SPS, an immune-mediated neurological disorder associated with both high-titer anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and impaired GABAergic neurotransmission.
		TORONTO, ON -- October 6, 2004 -- Reduced levels of peptides related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may serve as markers for the presence and severity of stiff-person syndrome, and may therefore be appropriate autoantigens to consider for treatment, researchers reported here on October 5
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256F25006604E3

	Steroid Modulation of Astrocytes in the Neonatal Brain: Implications for Adult Reproductive Function -- McCarthy et al. 67 (3): 691 -- Biology of Reproduction
		GABAergic neuronal activity and mRNA levels for both forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) are reduced in the diagonal band of Broca during the afternoon of proestrous.
		A reduction in GABA levels in the arcuate of newborn males was achieved by administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against the rate-limiting enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
		is an amino acid neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/67/3/691

	Demonstration of functional coupling between gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis and vesicular GABA transport into synaptic vesicles -- Jin et al. 100 (7): 4293 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		The rate-limiting enzyme L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) is involved in the synthesis of
		GAD is not considered to be an integral membrane
		Demonstration of a Protein Complex of GAD, HSC70, and CSP on GABAergic SVs.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/7/4293

	Diabetic Autoimmune Markers in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes -- Hathout et al. 107 (6): 102 -- Pediatrics
		Maruyama T, Kasuga A, Ozawa Y, Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies and insulin auto-antibodies in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
		glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADs), and insulin autoantibodies
		Littorin B, Sundkvist G, Hagopian W, Islet cell and glutamic acid decaroxylase antibodies present at diagnosis of diabetes predict the need for insulin treatment: a cohort study in young adults whose disease was initially labeled as type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes.
	www.pediatrics.org /cgi/content/full/107/6/e102

	Ethnic differences in C-peptide levels and anti-GAD antibodies in South African patients with diabetic ketoacidosis -- Rheeder et al. 94 (1): 39 -- QJM
		Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults (LADA): the role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in diagnosis and prediction of insulin dependency.
		Distribution of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase across the spectrum of diabetes mellitus seen in South Africa.
		UKPDS 25: Autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in Type 2 diabetes.
	qjmed.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/94/1/39

	The motif for peptide binding to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus-associated class II MHC molecule I-Ag7 validated by phage display library -- Gregori et al. 12 (4): 493 -- International Immunology
		the resin with 90% trifluoroacetic acid, 5% thioanisole and
		The percentages of individual amino acids at different positions (P1–P9) were determined after the alignment described in Table 2
		amino acids and a standard coupling time of 20 min was used.
	intimm.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/4/493

	Vertical Bias in Dendritic Trees of Non-pyramidal Neocortical Neurons Expressing GAD67-GFP In Vitro -- Jin et al. 11 (7): 666 -- Cerebral Cortex
		Akhtar ND, Land PW (1991) Activity-dependent regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase in the rat barrel cortex: effects of neonatal versus adult sensory deprivation.
		Esclapez M, Tillakaratne NJ, Kaufman DL, Tobin AJ, Houser CR (1994) Comparative localization of two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase and their mRNAs in rat brain supports the concept of functional differences between the forms.
		acids of the vector and the full-length eGFP.
	cercor.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/7/666

	Transplantation of Reversibly Immortalized Insulin-Secreting Human Hepatocytes Controls Diabetes in Pancreatectomized Pigs -- Okitsu et al. 53 (1): 105 -- Diabetes
		Karlsen AE, Hagopian WA, Grubin CE, Dube S, Disteche CM, Adler DA, Barmeier H, Mathewes S, Grant FJ, Foster D: Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10.
		VandenDriessche T, Thorrez L, Naldini L, Follenzi A, Moons L, Berneman Z, Collen D, Chuah MK: Lentiviral vectors containing the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 central polypurine tract can efficiently transduce nondividing hepatocytes and antigen-presenting cells in vivo.
		Yang L, Li S, Hatch H, Ahrens K, Cornelius JG, Petersen BE, Peck AB: In vitro trans-differentiation of adult hepatic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine hormone producing cells.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/1/105

	CD4+ T Cells from Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD)65-specific T Cell Receptor Transgenic Mice Are Not Diabetogenic and Can Delay Diabetes Transfer -- Tarbell et al. 196 (4): 481 -- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
		Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65 is an early and important
		CD4+ T Cells from Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD)65-specific T Cell Receptor Transgenic Mice Are Not Diabetogenic and Can Delay Diabetes Transfer -- Tarbell et al.
		A glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-specific Th2 cell clone immunoregulates autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/196/4/481

	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
		Organisms synthesize GABA from glutamate using the enzyme L-glutamic acid decarboxylase and pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor.
		Gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) is a neurotransmitter in widely divergent species.
		This is thought to be possible because the GABA system is found in the hippocampus, an area of brain which has been implicated in memory formation.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/gamma_aminobutyric_acid

	Pharmacology Faculty
		Our previous work demonstrated that the earliest sign of autoimmunity against the insulin producing �-cells is the activation of T cells with high avidity for a �-cell antigen known as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA.
		T cell cross-reactivity between Coxsackievirus and glutamate decarboxylase is associated with a murine diabetes susceptibility allele.
		(1994) Cellular immunity to an epitope common to glutamate decarboxylase and Coxsackie virus in insulin-dependent diabetes.
	research.arc2.ucla.edu /Departments/pharm_faculty.cfm?FacultyKey=1366

	638. Glutamic acid and its salts (WHO Food Additives Series 22)
		Glutamic acid in dietary protein, together with endogenous protein secreted into the gut, is digested to free amino acids and small peptides, both of which are absorbed into mucosal cells where peptides are hydrolyzed to free amino acids and some of the glutamate is metabolized.
		Glutamic acid hydrochloride at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w.
		Glutamate is absorbed from the gut by an active transport system specific for amino acids.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v22je12.htm

	An endogenous activator of renal glutamic acid decarboxylase: Effects of adenosine triphosphate, phosphate and chloride on the activity of this enzyme -- Tursky and Bandzuchová 262 (3): 696 -- European Journal of Biochemistry
		, T. and Lassánová, M. ( 1997) Renal glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD): solubility and effects of ATP, phosphate and chloride.
		An endogenous activator of renal glutamic acid decarboxylase: Effects of adenosine triphosphate, phosphate and chloride on the activity of this enzyme -- Tursky and Bandzuchová 262 (3): 696 -- European Journal of Biochemistry
		An endogenous activator of renal glutamic acid decarboxylase
	www.ejbiochem.org /cgi/content/full/262/3/696

	default.asp?ID=269
		"It resolves a controversy because, based on animal models, there had been considerable debate as to whether the primary antigen for type 1 diabetes is insulin or [a second compound] glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)," Skyler said.
		While GAD might still play some role in type 1 disease, Hafler's group seems to have proven that insulin is the real culprit, Skyler said.
		Long before this week's announcement, his team in Miami was already hard at work testing insulin as a potential basis for a vaccine against type 1 disease.
	www.shands.org /health/healthday/default.asp?ID=269

	Overexpression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Disrupts Migratory Fate and Female Reproductive Function in Mice -- Heger et al. 144 (6): 2566 -- Endocrinology
		Overexpression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Disrupts Migratory Fate and Female Reproductive Function in Mice -- Heger et al.
		the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67), a
		aminobutyric acid and the pubertal increase in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in female rhesus monkeys.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/6/2566

	Structure of celiac disease-associated HLA-DQ8 and non-associated HLA-DQ9 alleles in complex with two disease-specific epitopes -- Moustakas et al. 12 (8): 1157 -- International Immunology
		Substitution analysis of the gliadin epitope (amino acid sequence 206–217) in the context of HLA-DQ8, as measured by the response of the S2 T cell clone.
		Substitution analysis of the glutenin epitope (amino acid sequence 723–735) in the context of HLA-DQ8, as measured by the response of the S12 T cell clone.
		In particular, the presence of the glutamate at p9 causes the formation of a salt bridge between one of its carboxylate oxygens and the guanidine group of
	intimm.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/8/1157

	Identification of transglutaminase-mediated deamidation sites in a recombinant {alpha}-gliadin by advanced mass-spectrometric methodologies -- Mazzeo et al. 12 (11): 2434 -- Protein Science
		Kwok, W.W., Domeier, M.L., Raymond, F.C., Byers, P., and Nepom, G.T. Allele-specific motifs characterize HLA-DQ interactions with a diabetes-associated peptide derived from glutamic acid decarboxylase.
		Wieser, H., Mödl, A., Seilmeier, W., and Belitz, H.D. High-perfomance liquid chromatography of gliadins from different wheat varieties: Amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence of components.
		acid residues by means of a site-specific deamidation reaction
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/12/11/2434

	Metabolic acidosis in an Afro-Caribbean man with hyperpigmentation -- 76 (897): 439 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies present at diagnosis of diabetes predict the need for insulin treatment.
		Antibodies to islet cells and GAD antibodies may serve as a useful guide to predict future insulin dependency.
		The absence of anti-islet cell and GAD antibodies (an investigation
	www.postgradmedj.com /cgi/content/full/76/897/439

	The aetiology of sporadic adult-onset ataxia -- Abele et al. 125 (5): 961 -- Brain
		Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in three patients with cerebellar ataxia, late-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and polyendocrine autoimmunity.
		Cerebellar ataxia with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: study of 14 patients.
		Abele M, Weller M, Mescheriakov S, Bürk K, Dichgans J, Klockgether T. Cerebellar ataxia with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies.
	brain.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/125/5/961

	Michael Selmanoff, Ph.D
		Sagrillo CA, Selmanoff M 1997 Castration decreases single cell levels of mRNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase in the diagonal band of Broca and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area.
		Grattan DR, Selmanoff M 1997 Sex differences in the activity of g -aminobutyric acidergic neurons in the rat hypothalamus.
		Grattan DR, Rocca MS, Sagrillo CA, McCarthy MM, Selmanoff M 1996 Antiandrogen microimplants into the rostral medial preoptic area decrease g -aminobutyric acidergic neuronal activity and increase luteinizing hormone secretion in the intact male rat.
	csr.umaryland.edu /faculty/selmanoff.htm

	IDI - Research - Publications - 1994
		Zimmet P. An assay for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) its use in the prediction and diagnosis of insulin dependency in youth and adults.
		Tuomilehto J, Zimmet P, Mackay I, Koskela P, Widgren G, Toivanen L, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Kohtamaki K, Stengard J, Rowley M. Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase are strong predictors of insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus before the clinical onset of the disease.
		Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase are strong predictors of insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus before the clinical onset of the disease.
	www.idi.org.au /research/publications_1994.htm

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)