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Topic: La Hague

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	Appendix 1: Other European reprocessing plants
		The French reprocessing plant La Hague is, together with Sellafield, the main source of radioactive contamination to the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Barents Sea.
		In 2000, discharges of alpha activity from La Hague were measured at 40 GBq.[187] This constitutes one third of the 1999 discharges from Sellafield, which measured 130 GBq.
		La Hague too, plans to reprocess fuel with a higher burnup, which may increase the discharges from the plant in the coming years.
	www.bellona.no /en/energy/nuclear/sellafield/wp_5-2001/21960.html (642 words)

	Goldsmith: Cap La Hague: chaos reigns supreme.
		La Hague was originally built to treat the spent fuel from the French-designed Natural Uranium Gas-Graphite (NUGG) reactors.
		In a submission to an inquiry into health and safety at La Hague, the CFDT argued that the plant had not yet been proved capable of treating oxide wastes on a commercial scale, and that no extension should be carried out until the process had been perfected.
		The streams in the La Hague area are also contaminated: one, from which several herds of cattle drink, was found in 1976 to contain 3,800 picocuries per cubic metre of water.
	www.edwardgoldsmith.com /page81.html (2522 words)

	BMJ No 7074 Paper
		La Hague (France) is one of the three nuclear reprocessing plants operating in the world on an industrial scale (the other two are Sellafield, England, and Dounreay, Scotland).
		The La Hague facility is situated in Normandy (France) in the rural "Nord-Cotentin" area.
		Childhood leukaemia incidence in the vicinity of La Hague nuclear-waste reprocessing facility.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /archive/7074pr.htm (3653 words)

	Encyclopedia: Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		La Hague is a region on the tip of the Cotentin peninsula in Normandy, France.
		The unofficial anthem of the region is the song "Ma Normandie." Ma Normandie is the anthem of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency in the Channel Islands, and was written and composed by Frédéric Bérat.
		The COGEMA La Hague site is a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant near La Hague on the French Cotentin Peninsula that currently has over half of the worlds light water reactor spent nuclear fuel reprocessing capacity.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Normandy (6154 words)

	La Hague - France Nuclear Forces
		The La Hague plant on the tip of the Cotentin peninsula is the largest light water reactor [LWR] reprocessing plant in the world.
		Vitrification operations at La Hague began in 1989 and are in full operation.
		Gaseous releases from the La Hague plant are identified and measured under the supervision of governmental authorities.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/france/la_hague.htm (791 words)

	Atom plant in France 'threatens South of England'
		As the crisis at Sellafield deepened last week, operators of a similar plant at Cap de la Hague, on the northern tip of the Normandy coast, were asking for permission to reprocess even more waste from around the world.
		French medical surveys point to a strong link between La Hague and the higher than average levels of childhood leukaemia in the area, while another study suggests that cancer levels on Alderney, just nines miles away, are double the British average.
		La Hague insists that it meets the standards laid down by the 1996 European Directive for reducing the levels of radioactivity to which workers at the plant are exposed, and says it was forced to stockpile the foreign waste because it could not be moved until it had cooled - which takes decades.
	www.portal.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/2000/04/02/watom02.html (878 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Hague
		Ecclesiastically, The Hague is a deanery of the Diocese of Haarlem, and has nine parishes, two of which are administered by Jesuits (eighteen fathers) and one by Franciscans (nine fathers).
		In 1593 The Hague was the seat of the Dutch States-General, but, owing to the jealousy of the cities which had votes, it was deprived of representation in the States, and became "the largest village" in Europe, having, in 1622, as many as 17,430 inhabitants.
		During the French Revolution, The Hague was the capital of the Batavian Republic.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07108a.htm (967 words)

	GREENPEACE/NUCLEAR/PRESS RELEASE: ACCESS TO LA HAGUE RESTRICTED FOLLOWING EVIDENCE OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE ...
		The decision to close the area around the pipe to fishing and bathing follows the results of independent analysis on samples from La Hague conducted by the Department of Labour, Health and Social Services of the Federal State of Hamburg.
		La Hague's permission to discharge radioactive waste into the sea is currently being re-evaluated, with a decision by French authorities expected by September.
		Greenpeace urges the re-evaluation not to be rushed and reiterates its demands for a full public environmental impact assessment of all the operations at La Hague, including COGEMA's proposal to scrap accumulated radioactive material from the inside of the pipe after years of waste discharging.
	archive.greenpeace.org /pressreleases/nucreprocess/1997jul10.html (332 words)

	Friends of the Earth Guernsey - Nuclear Issues
		We believe that reprocessing the spent fuel at La Hague makes it more dangerous than if the fuel were safely stored at the point of generation, that is the nuclear power plants.
		Even if reprocessing was phased out at La Hague there would be plenty of jobs there for many decades, if not centuries, to come as the waste already stockpiled there would require constant monitoring and management.
		Shipments of nuclear waste into La Hague for reprocessing and return shipments of nuclear waste to the country of origin pose grave concerns for Guernsey.
	www.foeg.org.uk /submission.htm (1491 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The French government-owned COGEMA factory at La Hague extracts plutonium during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power stations such as Borssele and others across Europe; in France, Belgium, Germany, Japan and Switzerland.
		The processing plants at La Hague and Sellafield in the United Kingdom are the largest sources of radioactive contamination of the environment in western Europe.
		Each year the La Hague plant discharges 230 million litres of radioactive waste into the ocean, where it is spread northwards by ocean currents, along the French, Belgian, German, Danish and Norwegian coasts.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/99env/GP_Steps_up_Pressure_On_Radioactive_Polluters (487 words)

	Toxic Effects of Reprocessing
		Increases of radioactive releases from La Hague in the 1990s and expected future discharges are in violation of obligations under the OSPAR Convention.
		Main potential hazards at La Hague are linked to the risk of fires and explosions in the storage pools, in the vitrification plants or in the effluent treatment plants, and to the risk of dispersion of the caesium-137 stocks in the spent fuel pools, or of the separated plutonium stocks.
		In 1983, morbidity was found to be higher than expected in the greater La Hague area for men in case of leukaemia and respiratory organs, and for women in case of leukaemia and lung cancer.
	www.n-base.org.uk /public/report_links/toxic_effects.html (4600 words)

	La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: MANAGEMENT OF IRRADIATED FUEL(ENGLISH)
		The present storage sites are: pools for unloaded fuel that equip almost every power plant, pools at La Hague, pools at research centers (Saclay, Grenoble, and Cadarache), pools in the military ports (Cherbourg, L’Ile Longue, and Toulon), two concrete masses at Saclay, and Cascad (a system of dry storage, in shafts, at Cadarache).
		For this last procedure, used at the present time at La Hague, the fuel assemblies are chopped up and soaked in a bath of nitric acid.
		The wastes from reprocessing are described in the chapter on La Hague.
	www.francenuc.org /en_chn/irr_fuel1_e.htm (636 words)

	Boston Globe Online: Print it!
		Environmentalists pay much attention to La Hague because France, which relies on reactors for 80 percent of its energy, has cast itself as a global leader in nuclear power and waste.
		La Hague is the world's largest commercial facility to separate plutonium and uranium from spent nuclear fuel.
		Published on Jan. 11, 1997 in the British Medical Journal, the study, by Jean-Francois Viel, epidemiologist at the University of Besancon in eastern France, far from La Hague, suggested a connection between the reprocessing facility's radioactive emissions and the ailment in local children.
	www.nci.org /01/08/06-bg-france.htm (888 words)

	La Hague - Outings in the Cherbourg area
		Bought by the Conservatoire du Littoral and restored by La Hague District, the Manoir du Tourp offers a variety of exhibitions and activities.
		La Hague is a mysterious place with its tales of smuggling and wreckers...
		century on the foundations of a small fort dating from the days of Henri II, Omonville la Rogue is a charming little village with a small fishing and yachting harbour.
	www.ville-cherbourg.fr /uk/tourism_discovery/discovering_the_cotentin/outings_in_the_cherbourg/la_hague (893 words)

	[No title]
		Far from limiting the nuclear waste problem, reprocessing at la Hague generates such large volumes of waste that at least 6 to 9 times more storage capacity is required than if the irradiated nuclear fuel were directly stored in the first place.
		The conditioning of the wastes coming out of La Hague is to be considered the first barrier of a system which is supposed to guarantee the isolation of the radioactivity it contains from the biosphere on a long term basis.
		The total quantity of waste produced by reprocessing the 6,480 MT of light water reactor fuel reprocessed at La Hague, of which 4,220 MT (two thirds) for foreign clients, totals around 554,000 m3, of which 193,000 m3 should be attributed to EDF and 361,000 m3 to foreign clients.
	www.ratical.org /ratville/nukes/FRwaste01.03.95.txt (1746 words)

	naturalSCIENCE News: France acknowledges radioactive pollution of Normandy beaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She further ordered independent studies of the amounts of radioactivity being dumped by the La Hague plant and a public enquiry into permitted outputs of radioactivity.
		A more difficult task that remains for ministers is to decide the future of the La Hague plant, which is the largest employer in the region after the Cherbourg nuclear submarine plant.
		Moreover, the La Hague plant has outlived its original purpose of providing plutonium for fast breeder reactors, since in his first address to the National Assembly, Premier Lionel Jospin announced that the Superphénix, the world’s only commercial-scale fast breeder reactor, was to be shut down.
	www.egnatia.ee.auth.gr /mirrors/ns/news/ns_news3.html (437 words)

	WISE NC: RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING NEAR LA HAGUE.
		The reprocessing plants at La Hague are authorised to emit radioactive nuclides equivalent to those emitted by all nuclear plants in the world combined.
		Surrounding air: The measurements conducted by Cogema and by La Hague are only done on dust, whereas the gases are the most worrying.
		According to estimates of CEPN (Study Centre for the Evaluation of Safety in the Nuclear Region: Centre d'Etude sur l'Evaluation de la Protection dans le Domaine Nuclear), carbon 14 is, of all the material stored in La Hague, the one which contributes the most to the exposure of the population in the long term.
	www.antenna.nl /wise/448/4449.html (997 words)

	CPTech's Page on the Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Law
		Hague Conference on Private International Law Main Page, FAQ and page for the Future Hague Convention on International Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgements in Civil and Commercial Matters.
		The Hague Conference conclusions after Commission I on General Affairs and Policy Meeting held on 22-24 April 2002 at The Hague.
		Hague Conference on Private International Law main page for the future Hague Convention on International Jurisdiction and the Effects of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters.
	www.cptech.org /ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html (4683 words)

	The incidence of childhood leukaemia around the La Hague nuclear waste reprocessing plant (France): a survey for the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The incidence of childhood leukaemia around the La Hague nuclear waste reprocessing plant (France): a survey for the years 1978-1998 -- Guizard et al.
		Although the La Hague plant began its reprocessing activities in 1966, it was technically impossible to reconstruct the incidence
		Childhood leukemia incidence in the vicinity of La Hague nuclear-waste reprocessing facility (France).
	jech.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/55/7/469 (3761 words)

	Normandy Campsites Camping caravan site holiday park
		Discover the Valley of the Saire, la Hague, the bay of the Mont Saint Michel and the beaches of the Channel.
		The bay of the Mont Saint Michel in the south of Granville, the long sandy beaches facing the Channel Islands and the carved and green natural surroundings of the Cap de la Hague.
		At the east side of the harbour of Cherbourg (the biggest artificial harbour of the world) and la cité de la mer, you’ll find the Valley of the Saire where the famous trout river meanders.
	www.normandie-camping.com /english/index.htm (285 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cogema, which operates the La Hague plutonium factory, publishes an annual report of its environmental analysis, however, this report repeatedly states that the crabs in the area don't contain more radioactivity than 8 Bq/kg.
		The radioactive contamination of all the crabs found by Greenpeace is significantly higher than the levels Cogema is telling the public.
		In June, after the publication of an earlier Greenpeace investigation showing high levels of radioactive contamination of the sediment at the end of the pipe, OPRI analysed just one crab.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/97env/La_Hague:Crab_Radioactive_Contamination (449 words)

	Greenpeace
		Of the three scenarios assessed in all cases radioactive releases extend the need for active counter-measures, such as sheltering and evacuation, beyond the immediate locality of la Hague, with the plutonium and HLW releases requiring evacuation of Cherbourg and beyond.
		In one of the scenario's evacuation would be required to as far out as 100km from la Hague due to the high radiation dose expected (4).
		Greenpeace understands the exercise to be conducted at la Hague will involve between 800 and 900 children and students from a local nursery, school and college.
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/news2005/1019-02.htm (647 words)

	LAM La Hague
		The La Hague site specialises in the reprocessing of irradiated fuel from civil reactors of French (EDF) and foreign customers (Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium and Australia).
		The La Hague Laboratory is responsible for the biological and radiotoxicological monitoring of COGEMA staff as well as service provider and sub-contractor staff working at the La Hague site.
		The Laboratory's extensive range of analytical techniques - alpha spectrometry for alpha and beta samples, liquid scintillation counters, whole body gamma spectrometry and X gamma lung spectrometry - ensure that fast, high-quality internal dosimetric evaluations are available throughout the day.
	www.procorad.org /uk/fr/la-hague.html (127 words)

	ET 2/99: One scientist's story: Leukemia and the nuclear industry in France
		Relying on several arguments (dose-response effect, the strength of the associations, lack of temporal ambiguity, consistency with Scottish results), I concluded that there was "convincing evidence" for a causal relationship.
		Late January, I was informed by newspapers and the National Medical Council that the president of the Council of the departement de la Manche -- the administrative area containing the nuclear plant -- was threatening a lawsuit against me. From January to July 1997, I was the subject of attacks and libels.
		One was due to the mayor of Beaumont-La Hague -- the village where the plant is located -- threatening to sue me to court for the offense of "disinformation." I received this information through an American journalist from the New York Times.
	www.sdearthtimes.com /et0299/et0299s13.html (803 words)

	Normandie Camping cotentin manche hébergement cherbourg
		Découvrez le bocage Normand, les plages de la manche, la Hague, le val de saire et la baie du Mont St-Michel.
		La côte atlantique vous offrira des panoramas parmi les plus réputés du monde, avec la baie du Mont St Michel au sud Granville, les longues plages de sable face aux îles Anglo-Normandes, jusqu'aux décors découpés et verdoyants du cap de la Hague.
		Enfin, à l'est, la baie de seine s'ouvre à vous, avec ses parcs à huitres, ses cultures maraîchères, et ces hauts lieux historiques que sont Saint Vaast La hougue, l'île de Tatihou,et les plages du débarquement des alliés de juin 1944.
	www.normandie-camping.com /english (246 words)

	Greenpeace
		The reprocessing plant at La Hague is one of the largest sources of radioactive emissions into the environment in the whole of Europe.
		Greenpeace has in the last few years repeatedly proven that the nuclear factory at La Hague fails to meet French environmental requirements, and these are much more lax than those in Germany.
		A press release by the environment ministers in Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Hesse stated that the La Hague plant would never be permitted in Germany because of the level of radioactive discharges.
	www.commondreams.org /news2001/0409-07.htm (584 words)

	Appendix A: Utah Beach to Cherbourg
		On the northwest flank of the 9th Division, the 4th Cavalry Squadron and the 60th Infantry were blocking off an unknown number of enemy troops in the Cap de la Hague Peninsula.
		Clearing the Cap de la Hague area turned out to be a longer and more difficult task and entailed some heavy fighting by the 9th Division.
		At 1500, 1 July, the 9th Division reported to VII Corps that all organized resistance on Cap de la Hague had ceased and that the division was assembling preparatory to the move south for further operations.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/BOOKS/WWII/utah/utaha.htm (3187 words)

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