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Topic: La Tene culture

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	La Tène culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		La Tène existed during the late Iron Age (from 450 BC to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BC) in eastern France, Switzerland, Austria, southwest Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary.
		La Tène is a village near the Lake Neuchâtel, (Lac de Neuchâtel), a lake in Switzerland.
		La Tène metalwork is characterized by intricate spirals and interlace, on fine bronze vessels, helmets and shields, horse trappings and elite jewelry, especially the neck bracelets called torcs and elaborate clasps called fibulae.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/La_Tene_culture (855 words)

	Culture - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A 2002 document from the United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the "set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs".
		The result was a belief in cultural relativism; the belief that an individual's actions had to be understood in terms of his or her culture; that a specific cultural artifact (e.g.
		Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century in part through the reintroduction of Marxist thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Culture (1748 words)

	La Tène culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The La Tene culture is a late Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tene on the north side of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland, where a rich trove of artefacts were discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857.
		The original homeland of the La Tene style is debated; it lay in the area from the Marne in Eastern France, north of the Alps to the upper Danube.
		La Tene cultural material appeared over a larger area, including parts of Ireland and Britain (the lake dwellings at Glastonbury, England are a well known example of La Tene culture, northern Spain, Burgundy, Austria.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/la_tene_culture (412 words)

	Ancient Celtic Warriors - La Tene Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The classic Celtic culture, the La Tene, is named after Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland where a large amount of weaponry from this culture was found last century.
		La Tene means 'the shallows', and it was in the shallow part of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland that Celtic warriors made offerings to the gods in the shape of swords and other weapons.
		The Celtic warriors of the La Tene period were armed with weapons similar to those found in Lake Neuchatel, including broad-bladed spears and long, iron slashing swords.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/celts2.html (1324 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Celtic Art
		Although this culture existed from 750 to 450 bc, it is in the Late Hallstatt period (6th to early 5th century bc) that identifiably Celtic artistic features emerge.
		The initial focus of La Tène Culture was what is now Switzerland, the Rhineland, and France; in its later phases it spread westward as far as Britain and Spain, and eastward as far as the Black Sea.
		To divide the period as a whole, the terms La Tène I, II, and III, or Early, Middle, and Late La Tène, are used on the basis of developments in such key Celtic artefacts as brooches, swords, and scabbards.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781529542/Celtic_Art.html (1584 words)

	Culture - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		By the late nineteenth century, anthropologists argued for a broader definition of culture that they could apply to a wide variety of societies, they began to argue that culture is human nature, and is rooted in the universal human capacity to classify experiences, and encode and communicate them symbolically.
		As a rule, archeologists focus on material culture, and cultural anthropologists focus on symbolic culture, although ultimately both groups are interested in the relationship between these two dimensions.
		Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the reintroduction of Marxist thought in sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism, in order to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist societies.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Culture (802 words)

	La Tène Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		La Tène society seems to have risen to prominence through trade with the Mediterranean, with the Greeks and Etruscans, and later the Romans.
		With the La Tène Culture, the Celts came of age and marked a major cultural presence in Europe.
		Before the La Tène culture of the Celts was finally destroyed by Roman conquest and culture, some of its elements had travelled beyond the continent into the British Isles.
	www.celticcorner.com /latene.html (559 words)

	The Early Celts
		The name La Tene is from the place in Switzerland that the first definite artifacts of a Celtic culture were found.
		Roughly, the periods of La Tene runs as follows: La Tene One, from 600 to 500 BC;,La Tene Two from 450 to 100 BC; and La Tene Three from 100 BC until the Roman destruction of the culture.
		What La Tene does is define the Celts as a real civilization, one that is differentiated from the rudimentary group of tribal primitive design.
	www.angelfire.com /wi/THECELTS/latene.html (523 words)

	[No title]
		The Celts evolved from the Urnfield Culture (given that name because of the burial system of cremation and placement of ashes in urns which in turn were buried in fields...) much earlier than the Romanized Celtic world of the late 500-400 BC.
		La Tene -- In 1858, near Neuchatel, Switzerland, another trove of Celtic objects was uncovered.
		La Tene Culture can be divided into three periods: Early La Tene, 600-500 B.C.; Middle La Tene, 300-100 B.C.; and Late La Tene which leads into the end of Celtic dominance in central Europe as the Roman Empire began to expand north of the Alps.
	www.ibiblio.org /gaelic/Celts/celtshistory.html (1057 words)

	history
		By the mid-5th century BC the La Tene culture, with its distinctive art style of abstract geometric designs and stylized bird andanimal forms, had begun to emerge among the Celts centred on the middle Rhine, where trade with the Etruscans of central Italy, rather than with the Greeks, was now becoming predomonant.
		Between the 5th ans 1st centuries BC the La Tene culture accompained the migration of Celtic tribes into eastern Europe and westward into the British Isles.
		La Tene art gives witness to the aesthetic qualities of the Celts, and they greatly prized music and many forms of oral literary composition.
	www.geocities.com /rix_52bc/history.html (920 words)

	La Tene -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		La Tène is a village near the (additional info and facts about Neuenburger See) Neuenburger See, also called Lac du Neuchâtel, a lake in (A landlocked federal republic in central Europe) Switzerland.
		Some scholars believe the bridge was destroyed by high water, while others see it as a place of (The act of killing (an animal or person) in order to propitiate a deity) sacrifice after a successful battle (there are almost no female ornaments).
		La Tène gave its name to the (additional info and facts about La Tène culture) La Tène culture, also spelt Latène or La-Tène.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/la_tene.htm (540 words)

	Celtic Attic: Celts facts and fiction - Celtic History
		La Tene phase of Celtic culture speeds through Europe and into mainland Britain.
		By the mid-5th century BC the La Tene culture, with its distinctive art style of abstract geometric designs and stylized bird and animal forms, had begun to emerge among the Celts centered on the middle Rhine, where trade with the Etruscans of central Italy, rather than with the Greeks, was now becoming predominant.
		Between the 5th and 1st centuries BC the La Tene culture accompanied the migrations of Celtic tribes into eastern Europe and westward into the British Isles.
	www.celticattic.com /contact_us/the_celts/celtic_history.htm (1094 words)

	Origin of the Celts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Únêtice culture became the pre-eminent culture in Central Europe by the middle of the second millennium B.C.E..
		As the name suggests, the people of the Urnfield culture cremated their dead and placed the remains in urns which were buried in flat cemeteries without any covering mound.
		The period of the Urnfield culture, like that of the Tumulus culture, was one of expansion, particularly during the first millennium B.C.E. It is during the period of the Urnfield culture that the Bronze Age was at its peek in Central Europe.
	www.celticcorner.com /origins.html (721 words)

	CelticIdiom
		However the religious and farming culture continued as the essential outlook of the Iron Age Celt and it is not surprising that Celtic Art apparently reemerge at the end of the Roman period.
		The dynamics of the cultural and political interactions that took place among the British Isles in the 18th to 20th centuries to produce this strong Celtic’; identity is very complex.
		Due to the strong tradition of metalwork and jewellery in the history of Celtic culture, it is not surprising that this medium is saturated with the influence of the Celtic style.
	homepage.mac.com /cjcampbell/portfolio/cjc/Dissert/celticidiom.html (9650 words)

	AllRefer.com - La TEne (Archaeology, General) - Encyclopedia
		La TEne[lA ten] Pronunciation Key, ancient Celtic site on Lake NeuchAtel, Switzerland, that gives its name to the second and final period of the European Iron Age.
		B.C., spread from the middle Rhine region E into the Danube valley, S into Switzerland, and W and N into France, the Low Countries, Denmark, and the British Isles; this was the period of the first of the great Celtic (see Celt) migrations.
		The Celtic peoples of the La TEne period borrowed much from older civilizations, including the Etruscan chariot, woodworking tools that enabled them to clear temperate forests for planting, and Greek agricultural implements such as the rotary millstone.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/LaTene.html (320 words)

	Celtic Impressions - The Celts
		The La Tene culture evolved during the fifth century BC in part of the Hallstatt area, when Rome was an infant republic and Athens was beating off the Persians and making her own bid for empire.
		The original La Tene heartland lay during the fifth century BC in an area covering eastern France, southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, from where it subsequently spread.
		La Tene is the culture of the Celts who featured so prominently in the history of the ancient world.
	www.celticimpressions.com /celts.asp (2060 words)

	Dontent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		La Tene culture spanned the second half of the 1st millennium down to the period of Roman conquest north of the Alps, beginning in the 2d century BC.
		Evidence of the La Tene culture of central and western Europe is drawn principally from fortified sites, as well as burial and cemetery sites.
		Celtic culture was largely extinguished by the onslaught of the Romans from the south and the Germanic and other groups from the north and east.
	www.boudicca.de /celtor-e.htm (545 words)

	The Celts
		Archaeologically, the origins of the Celts have sometimes been sought in the URNFIELD CULTURE of the 2d millennium, but they are more generally associated with the widespread culture of the second Iron Age in Europe, designated LA TENE after the type site of the name in Switzerland.
		La Tene art is distinctive of the La Tene phase that followed the HALLSTATT phase (c.750-500 BC) of the Celtic Iron Age.
		La Tene art grew out of the native art of the Hallstatt Celts, who had evolved their own tradition of geometric patterns and stylized animals.
	draeconin.com /database/celtinfo.htm (2346 words)

	La-Tène-Kultur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The La Tène Culture developed in eastern France and southwestern Germany out of the preceding early Iron Age (500/400 B.C. Hallstatt Culture) and was influenced by the advanced civilisations of the Mediterranean region (Greek, Etruscan, Roman).
		La Tène art merged Greek, Etruscan, and Eastern European elements, as well as rustic traditions of the Hallstatt Culture, to create a typical La Tène style.
		In the late period of the La Tène Culture, a type of steel known as Noric iron (ferrum Noricum) was an important and well-known trading commodity.
	www.aeiou.at /aeiou.encyclop.l/l255000.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en (503 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - History of the Celts - A207479
		This period is associated with the Hallstat culture.
		The La Tëne culture arises in an area stretching from eastern France to Bohemia.
		La Tëne culture also emerges in northern France and the British Isles (especially decorated metalwork).
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/alabaster/A207479 (1553 words)

	A Hotlist on celtic artwork
		la tene artifacts - pictures of la tene artifacts found around the archaelogical site, examples include weapons, pottery, and jewellery.
		celtic la tene artifacts - a few artifacts of the celtic la tene period, authors giving a brief description of their technique.
		la tene and hallstatt culture - brief description of the la tene and hallstatt culture.
	www.kn.pacbell.com /wired/fil/pages/listcelticaka.html (400 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The newcomers erected even larger cromlechs in southern England as well as imposing their culture on the native peoples.Some of these changes are seen in burial places of their leaders which were barrows lined with bolders instead of wood and vaulted making them like underground dolmens.
		The site of this culture is in an underwater site on Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland which flourished during the mid 5th century B.C. La Tene followed the Hallstatt culture, but they eventually overlapped.
		La Tene is synonymous with the art of the Celts.
	www.orangeusd.k12.ca.us /ohs/aparthistory/week1.htm (1702 words)

	La Tene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		La Tene was discovered in 1857 by Hansli Kopp. What Kopp found at the site was ancient iron weapons and timber piles driven into the bed of the lake.
		Between the years of 1860 and 1880 the lake was dredged and drained, exposing human remains, swords, spearheads, tools, and shields.
		Another important site for the La Tene culture can be found in the ancient lake dwellings of Glastonbury, S England.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/latene.html (70 words)

	La Tene - Background
		Located on the northern edge of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, La Tène was identified as an archaeological site in 1857 when amateur archaeologist, Hansli Kopp, found some ancient iron weapons and timber piles driven into the bed of the lake.
		The La Tène culture evolved during the fifth century B.C. in part of the Hallstatt area.
		In general, the technological level of the La Tène Celts, with very few exceptions, was equal to, and in some cases surpassed that of the Romans.
	www.latene.com /background.html (584 words)

	ipedia.com: La Tene Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		La Tène is a village near the Neuenburger See, also called Lac du Neuchâtel, in Switzerland.
		La Tène gave its name to the La Tène culture, also spelt Latène or La-Tène.
		Whether this means that the whole of the La Tène culture ca be attributed to "a" Celtic people is difficult to decide, it is probably best to keep language, material culture and political affiliation apart.
	www.ipedia.com /la_tene.html (559 words)

	SchoolNet Digital Collections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The La Tene period is believed to range from 500 B.C. to 100 A.D. Artifacts found in this area indicate that the power center shifted in a western direction.
		This chariot was often used as war equipment and suggests that the La Tene people were always prepared for battle.
		Some were of Hallstatt and others of La Tene culture, both teaching their crafts and art forms to the natives.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /celtic/history.htm (1116 words)

	Occultism.tk - occultism, esoterics, psychology, religeon and culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		La Tene phase of Celtic culture speads through Europe and into mainland Britain.
		It is also a common practice for modern day Celtic groups to employ various symbols, such as the Crescent and V-Rod, the Switch, the Two Worlds etc, as part of their Celtic regalia and ritual but, once again, these ancient symbols are not Celtic they are Pictish.
		Two spears which were found at La Tene in Switzerland were nearly 2.5m long.
	www.occultism.tk /en/category.php?category=21 (4219 words)

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