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Living in Truth by Charles N.Pope - Chapter 19: "I Now Abandon You to Shishak" (The Campaign Mural of ... For this Asa was rebuked by Hanani the prophet. Labayu's claim that his father (Thutmose IV) and grandfather had been loyal to the crown may have been a subtle way of reminding Amenhotep III of his proud but tragic heritage. The metaphor used by Labayu was a subtle way of reminding Amenhotep III that consideration for the Libyan and Shechemite people was still in order, and for himself as the true son of Nimlot. www.domainofman.com /book/chap-19.html   (4551 words)

Labaya - Biocrawler   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05) In the first of Labayu's letters thus far discovered (EA 252), he defends himself to the Pharaoh against complaints of other city rulers about him (for example, the complaint that he has hired mercenaries from among the nomadic Habiru. Labayu admitted to having invaded Gezer and insulting its king Milkilu. He was accused of capturing cities that were under Egyptian protection, and at one point besieged Megiddo. www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Labaya   (516 words)

Pharaohs and the Bible The picture of both Labayu and the situation in Canaan that is drawn in the Amarna letters is totally different from what is reported in the Bible about king Saul and the situation in Israel under his rule. Labayu was governor of Shichem, whereas Saul lived in the vicinity of Gibeon. Labayu was killed by citizens of Gina, Saul committed suicide after being defeated by the Philistines at the foot of the Gilboa mountains (1 Sam. www.bga.nl /en/discussion/echroroh.html   (5708 words)

Biblical Archaeology - Saul Labayu's [Saul's] scribes were poorly versed in the language employed by the other nations. Labayu wrote an early letter to the Pharaoh in biblical Hebrew instead of using the Akkadian language. Labayu's [Saul's] name means 'great lion.' David uses the word 'lions' in several Psalms when referring to his enemies. www.northforest.org /BiblicalArchaeology/saul.html   (1538 words)

Abimelech, Saul, and Amarna - Abimelech and Labayu Labayu admits that he has taken a city, but claims that the city was previously his and had been seized. Labayu never claims or is said to be king of Shechem, and indeed appears not to have lived there. Labayu and his sons (one known to be called Mutbaal) were based north of Jerusalem, in the central hill country. oldtestamentstudies.net /judges/abimelechlabayu.asp?item=3&variant=1   (1378 words)

Abimelech, Saul, and Amarna - Abimelech and Labayu Labayu admits that he has taken a city, but claims that the city was previously his and had been seized. Labayu never claims or is said to be king of Shechem, and indeed appears not to have lived there. Labayu and his sons (one known to be called Mutbaal) were based north of Jerusalem, in the central hill country. www.oldtestamentstudies.net /judges/abimelechlabayu.asp?item=3&variant=1   (1378 words)

Amarna Letters: Letter from Labayu of Shechem To the king, my Lord and my God and Sun, thus speaks Labayu, your servant, the dust under your feet. At the feet of the king, my Lord and my God and Sun, seven times and seven times I prostrate myself. All content, Graphic Art, Design, Layout, and Scripting Code Copyright 1996 by InterCity Oz, Inc. www.touregypt.net /amarna17.htm   (247 words)

Associates for Biblical Research: Biblical Archaeology According to Rohl's correlation, Labayu, king of Shechem in the Amarna period, is one and the same as Saul of the Bible (205-19). Labayu was taken captive to be escorted to Egypt for his rowdy behavior. Labayu eventually died at the hands of his fellow vassals (Campbell 1965: 198-200), whereas Saul died on Mt. Gilboa fighting the Philistines (1 Sm 31). abr.christiananswers.net /rohl.html   (2926 words)

Labaya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Labaya (also transliterated as Labayu or Lib'ayu) was a Canaanite warlord who lived about contemporaneously with Pharaoh Akhenaten (14th century BCE). Labaya is mentioned in several of the Amarna Letters (abbreviated "EA", for 'el Amarna'), which is practically all we know about him. Grant the king one hundred garrison troops to guard the city, lest Labayu take it. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Labaya   (811 words)

New Egyptian Chronology places Moses 300 years ahead of Akhenaten - Sean Hannity Discussion The career of the Labayu in the Amarna letters is strikingly similar to that of Saul and this is an alternative name for the biblical Saul, the great lion' of Yahweh. Labayu in the Amarna letters was active in fighting against the Philistines on the coastal plain to the south-west but was unable to conquer their cities. This event is mentioned by Labayu as he writes to the Pharaoh in EA 252, to say that he was recapturing his home town which was taken by the Philistines, even after it had been agreed in the presence of the governor from Egypt that this would not happen! www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?t=8049&goto=nextoldest   (2068 words)

The Amarna Letters: Biridiya of Megiddo   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05) Labayu's position was such, that he did pose such a threat and an order for his apprehension was issued. The ruler of Akko was to capture Labayu and send him to Egypt, but he was bribed and let him go. Labayu was subsequently killed by inhabitants of Gina (probably today's Jenin). nefertiti.iwebland.com /a-biridiya.htm   (395 words)

[No title] One such letter was sent from a chieftain named Labayu of the Habaru people in the Hill Country of Palestine to pharaoh Akhenaten of Egypt. Labayu sent Akhenaten a letter and asked for help in fighting an enemy and recapturing his hometown. Further evidence will show how Labayu and Saul are one in the same person as further comparisons are made with the Bible and the Armana letters. www.myegyptology.net /file/id51_m.htm   (2575 words)

The Kingdom of Israel Saul was killed in battle by the Philistines; Labayu was killed in battle by kings from the west. After Labayu’s death his adversaries complain of the "sons" of Labayu; the Scriptures indicate Saul’s kingdom was temporarily divided between his son Eshbaal and his son-in-law David. In the tablets Labayu’s successor is Mutbaal (Canaanite, "man of baal"); Saul’s successor was Eshbaal (Hebrew: "man of baal"—1 Chronicles 8:33). www.heraldmag.org /2000/00jf_5.htm   (2638 words)

Caananite City-States   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05) A letter of Biridya to Pharaoh survives, complained of attacks by King Labayu of Shechem, who was importing mercenaries from among the “Habiru” (Hebrews) who were “laying waste to the land”. Labayu is accused in many of the Amarna letters of waging war on his neighbors with Habiru ("Hebrew" ?) mercenaries. It is possible that Labayu himself was of Hebrew origin. www.hostkingdom.net /Caananites.html   (2971 words)

Sesostris & The New Chronology Introduction A new study of the Amarna tablets by Rohl has revealed that the ethnic and political makeup of Palestine, and the activities of the Habiru are even more similar in their correspondence with the Biblical record that was originally suspected. Specific details relating to Labayu’s activities, betrayal, and death as recorded in the Amarna letters precisely match the Bible account of Saul’s rise and ultimate fall on Mount Gilboa in battle with the Philistines. Finally, a letter from Labayu’s son and successor, Mutbaal (identified as Ishbaal, the sole surviving son of King Saul) to Akhenaten responds to his being questioned by Egyptian authorities about the whereabouts of one Ayab (Akkadian translation of the Biblical Joab). members.aol.com /ankhemmaat/paper.htm   (1085 words)

Hebrewhabiruslaves The Egyptian-Appointed mayor of Shechem, caled Labayu, is busy defending himself in letters to Pharaoh, countering claims from other mayors that he is an Apiru, "a rebel" to Egyptian authority and aiding and abetting the 'Apiru seizure of nearby cities loyal to Pharaoh. Labayu also learns that Pharaoh considers his son to be a possible Apiru, consorting with those disloyal to Egypt. Still later one of Labayu's sons appears in the correspondence as being in charge of Pella in Transjordan and he has to defend himself, to Pharaoh. www.bibleorigins.net /Hebrewhabiruslaves.html   (7971 words)

Is Rohl's chronology inaccurate? The editors of BGA argue that Labayu was king of Shechem. Like Labayu, Saul did not know about his son's (Jonathan's) allegiance to the 'Habiru-rebels' (under the leadership of the bandit David who lived as a soldier of fortune in the hills of Judah) [cf. In all probability, Labayu was killed by the forces of the king of Gath who reports in EA 366 that he had killed the Habiru (sing.). www.bga.nl /en/discussion/engveen.html   (3350 words)

The American Journal of Biblical Theology. Labayu answers the charge that he was revolting against Pharaoh by expanding his domain in taking Megiddo in the following correspondence: The popular thought is that this perpetual rivalry between city states in their attempts to expand their local domains came to an end with the formation of Israel. “Labayu’s own son has been found to be cavorting (riding?) with their renegade bands and has since been handed over to Addaya, (who was apparently empowered to punish the wayward son of the governor.)" www.biblicaltheology.com /Research/SoggieN01.html   (11008 words)

Sources for reconstructing pre-monarchic Israel Because you have not replaced the archers, Labayu is now strong enough to attack the city of Megiddo itself. I beg Pharaoh to send one hundred soldiers to protect Megiddo from Labayu or he will certainly capture the city. Labayu answers the charge that he was revolting against Pharaoh by expanding his domain in taking Megiddo in the following correspondence: To: Pharaoh, my Lord, my Sun! lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/1999-February/001735.html   (743 words)

[No title] Rohl suggests that the deaths of both men are parallel in other ways as well, but we will simply note here that both men die in battle, that both evidently meet their end in the same locale, and that in both cases the enemy appears to have been the same. Given the similarity in political topography and the correspondences in the lives of Labayu and Saul, this suggestion that the Amarna tablets preserve an account of the first Israelite king is certainly worthy of consideration. In a letter to Pharaoh Akhenaten from Labayu's son Mutbaal, written after Labayu's death, the writer responds to a question from the Egyptians about the whereabouts of someone called Ayab. www.angelfire.com /80s/rjdb/oth4.html   (2873 words)

ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE BIBLE In Rohl's opinion, Saul was no other than Labayu of the el-Amarna letters, a claim that he further supports by pointing out that Saul's personal bodyguards were called lebaim or `Great Lions', a title based on the same root as the name Labayu. Rohl also points out that letters written by Labayu to justify his military exploits to the Pharaoh of Egypt were written by a scribe who was not familiar with Akkadian, the international language used in all of the other el-Amarna letters. Instead, he wrote in a dialect of Hebrew that, at the time, was a form of the Canaanite language that was very similar to the dialect of Ugarit. cc.usu.edu /~fath6/monarchy.htm   (9817 words)

Patriarchs - The Book of Genesis - Myth or History? For long, this letter was placed in the period of the Israeli conquest, but no Labayu and no Aziru were found in the neighborhood and no Habiru who were given Shechem. According to David Rohl, Labayu is King Saul, who is called in the letter "the Great Lion of Yahu". Aziru is the Akkadian form of Ezer, so if Labayu is King Saul, then Aziru is Hadad-ezer and the Habiru to whom Saul had given Shechem were the insurgent rebels led by David. www.eg-ban.com /patriarchs03.html   (7364 words)

Balafon » Cryptohistory It turns out that Labayu is a king in the highlands of Canaan who is a threat to the coastal Philistine city-states. They request aid from Pharoah, but Labayu remains arrogant: “Does not even an ant when struck bite the hand that struck it?” Then it seems that some Habiru, or “wanderers, outlaws” have joined the Philistines against Labayu. Finally, there is a grand alliance against Labayu, after which we hear from him no more. balafon.net /?p=333   (1282 words)

Discussion: 40. Sychem also Sikima and Salim - (Tell Balatah) After the Egyptian conquest of Canaan (18th Dynasty) Shechem suffered a decline; the temple was reconstructed on a lesser scale with much weaker walls; a huge maevah stood in front of its entrance. Shechem at this time, however, was still politically important; it was ruled by Labayu known from the Tell el-Amarna letters as an ally of the Habiru and a rebel against Pharaoh. Shechem is not mentioned among the cities conquered by the Israelites under Joshua but it was the scene of the great covenant for which Joshua assembled the tribes (Josh. www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/mad/discussion/040discuss.html   (1061 words)

The Tel Amarna Tablets   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05) Labayu contended for power with the kings of Jerusalem and Gezer, and had possession of the hill country and attempted to penetrate the Jezreel valley, laying siege to Megiddo. There are close parallels between Labayu's seizure of his home town and sacred site, and Saul's campaigns against Geba/Gibeah where a Philistine pillar had been erected at a high place sacred to the Israelites. In the Amarna letters, Labayu was also smitten and replaced by "the two sons of Labayu" www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/thera/amarna.html   (4962 words)

Megiddo - The Solomonic Chariot City Six letters found in the archives of the Egyptian kings at el-Amarna, dating to the 14th century BCE, were sent by the king of Megiddo to his overlords, the kings of Egypt. Verily, there is no other purpose in Labayu. With the decline of Egyptian control in the 12th and 11th centuries BCE, struggles for power took place among the Canaanites, Philistines and Israelites which left their mark upon the remains at Megiddo. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Megiddo.html   (2002 words)

More on Shechem   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05) As Jacob was not originally a part of the Abrahamic line, we must remove him from our relative chronology and date him independently. With regard to the fate of Shechem, the Labayu-- Hamor--Jacob sequence allows us to relatively date Jacob's migration from Aram to this generation as a contemporary of Labayu (before he was killed by the people of Gina) and of Hamor. Therefore Jacob's migration from Aram and his presence in northern Palestine may be syncretized with Hamor's seizure of Shechem from Labayu in the Amarna era. lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2000-February/006521.html   (177 words)

[b-hebrew] Rohl's Chronology Deconstructed Mainstream >scholarship understands Labayu to be a contemporary of Pharaoh Akhenaten... I am making these points to clarify where the disagreement lies because some may misunderstand this. >If Rohl is correct that Saul is Labayu, then the places mentioned in >association with Saul's wars against the Philistines (cf. lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2004-July/020015.html   (790 words)

The Lion’s Roar The historic King Saul can perhaps be identified with the Habiru chief Labayu in the Amarna tablets, if we follow David M. Rohl's controversial redating. Labayu, too, not unlike King Saul in the story, found himself caught in the middle of antagonisms from his own camp and in a dispatch to the Pharaoh Akhenaten implored his overlord for assistance. In the Bible Saul is presented as a charismatic leader and a bit of a shaman himself www.michaelsympson.com /Saul   (705 words)

Saul and Labayu - are they the same person? Saul and Labayu - are they the same person? This page considers the possibility that Saul is the same individual as Labayu who appears in the Amarna correspondence. All of these matters are discussed on the companion page exploring the possibility of matching Abimelech with Labayu in the conventional chronology, and so are not discussed here. www.oldtestamentstudies.net /judges/saullabayu.asp?item=3&variant=4   (129 words)

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