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	Israel - Labor Zionism
		The intellectual founders of Labor Zionism were Nachman Syrkin and Ber Borochov.
		Ber Borochov's contribution to Labor Zionism was his synthesis of the concepts of class and nation.
		Zionism in its theoretical formulations only took practical effect with the coming to Palestine of the Second Aliyah.
	countrystudies.us /israel/11.htm (709 words)

	Labor Zionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Labor Zionism (or Labour Zionism) is the traditional left-wing of the Zionist ideology.
		Rather, Labor Zionists believed that a Jewish state could only be created as part of the class struggle though the efforts of the Jewish working class settling in Palestine and constructing a state through the creation of kibbutzim in the countryside and a Jewish proletariat in the cities.
		Labor Zionism grew in size and influence and eclipsed "political Zionism" by the 1930s both internationally and within the British Mandate of Palestine where Labor Zionists dominated the institutions of the Yishuv, particularly the trade union federation known as the Histadrut.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Labor_Zionism (346 words)

	Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Primer-Page 2
		Zionism drew on Jewish religious attachment to Jerusalem and the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel).
		Zionism gained adherents among Jews and support from the West as a consequence of the murderous anti-Jewish riots (known as pogroms) in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		By the 1920s, Labor Zionists in Palestine established the kibbutz movement (a kibbutz is a collective commune, usually with an agricultural economy), the Jewish trade union and cooperative movement, the main Zionist militias (the Haganah and Palmach) and the political parties that ultimately coalesced in the Israeli Labor Party in 1968.
	www.merip.org /palestine-israel_primer/zionism-pal-isr-primer.html (1242 words)

	Resources and articles on Zionism
		Now that Zionism has existed in its modern conception for a hundred years, the time has come to test its relevancy on two planes: The first as a basic analysis of Jewish existence, and the second, as a solution which can act as a guideline for the present and for building the future.
		The origin of the "Zionism" is the biblical word "Zion", often used as a synonym for Jerusalem and the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael).
		Zionism is an ideology which expresses the yearning of Jews the world over for their historical homeland - Zion, the Land of Israel.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/expand_subject.asp?id=28 (1558 words)

	Labor Zionism and Socialist Zionism
		We lack the habit of labor… for it is labor which binds a people to its soil and to its national culture, which in its turn is an outgrowth of the people's toil and the people's labor.
		The spread of Labor Zionism and Labor ZIonist ideolgoy was not confined to kibbutzim and self defense.
		The ideology of Labor Zionism became the ideology of Zionism in Palestine and the organization of Labor Zionism became to a large extent increasingly identical with the organization of Zionism in Palestine.
	www.mideastweb.org /labor_zionism.htm (5122 words)

	Encyclopedia: Labor Zionism
		In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition...
		A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers...
		Nahum Syrkin or Nahman Syrkin (1868-1924) was a political theorist and founder of Labour Zionism.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Labor-Zionism (1006 words)

	Labor Zionism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Labor Zionism (or Labour Zionism) is the traditional (additional info and facts about left-wing) left-wing of the (A Jewish supporter of Zionism) Zionist ideology.
		Philosophers of the Labor Zionist movement included (additional info and facts about Nahum Syrkin) Nahum Syrkin and (additional info and facts about Ber Borochov) Ber Borochov and leading figures in the movement included (additional info and facts about David Ben-Gurion) David Ben-Gurion.
		The main vehicle of the Labor Zionist movement was the (additional info and facts about Poale Zion) Poale Zion party which split into a Left Poale Zion and Right Poale Zion factions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/labor_zionism.htm (238 words)

	ZIONISM
		Zionism as an idea and those who made it a reality, and the state of Israel, its ultimate creation, were and are today, poised before the dilemma of their connection to the Jewish religion, which is the source of Jewish nationalism.
		Political Zionism was emancipated West European Jewry's response to the pervasiveness of anti-Semitism and to the failure of the enlightenment to alter the status of the Jew.
		ZIONISM called for a linguistic revolution in Jewry, or a renaissance of the ancient Hebrew tongue, once the living language of the Jewish state but long considered dead, or at least relegated to use in prayer, in study or in purely literary creativity.
	www.gnosticliberationfront.com /zionism.htm (8958 words)

	Socialist Zionism
		Dov Ber Borochov, a prominent advocate of Socialist Zionism, argued that the development of capitalism would inevitably prompt Jews to immigrate to Palestine, and that only there could the economic structure of the Jewish people be reconstituted as a base for the class struggle of the Jewish proletariat.
		Zionism, he asserted, is a historic-economic necessity for the Jewish people and the historic role of spearheading the Jewish national liberation process is reserved for the Jewish proletariat.
		Socialist Zionism is the progenitor of most of Israel's settlement movements and the Israel Labor Party, one of Israel's two main political parties.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Zionism/Socialist_Zionism.html (294 words)

	Resources and articles on Zionism
		Now that Zionism has existed in its modern conception for a hundred years, the time has come to test its relevancy on two planes: The first as a basic analysis of Jewish existence, and the second, as a solution which can act as a guideline for the present and for building the future.
		The origin of the "Zionism" is the biblical word "Zion", often used as a synonym for Jerusalem and the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael).
		Zionism is an ideology which expresses the yearning of Jews the world over for their historical homeland - Zion, the Land of Israel.
	www.doingzionism.org.il /resources/expand_subject.asp?id=28 (1417 words)

	[No title]
		The defining institutions of Labor Zionism in pre-state Palestine were the Histadrut “trade union”;, the General Confederation of Workers in the Land of Israel, and the kibbutzim, a network of communal settlements which some have compared to utopian socialist communities.
		Labor Zionism, although by far the largest organization in the Yishuv (the prestate Jewish community in Palestine), did not go unchallenged.
		In the 1903 founding congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, Bund leaders argued for the official right to represent and to speak for Jewish workers inside the broader Russian socialist movement.
	www.lycos.com /info/zionism--labor-zionism.html (684 words)

	[No title]
		Labor Zionism, which traced its roots to the Eastern European Poale Zion movement in the early 1900s, dominated all of the major institutions of Zionism and of the yishuv, the Jewish settler community in Palestine.
		Moreover, Zionist assertions of the contemporary relevance of the Jews' historical ties to Palestine, coupled with their land purchases and immigration, alarmed the indigenous population of the Ottoman districts that comprised Palestine.
		Lenni Brenner: Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (Chap.
	www.lycos.com /info/zionism--revisionist-zionists.html?page=2 (397 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Labor Zionism Comes to Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		...Labor Zionism gave a nationalist movement a universalist direction...
		...Labor unity within Mapai, and with Hashomer Hatzair, which stayed outside Mapai, was based on the controlled experiment of colonization under the leadership and ideals of labor...
		...Berl was apprehensive and expressed his apprehensiveness at a conference of labor youth leaders in 1940...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V17I2P63-1.htm (4137 words)

	CSJO: Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		A member of Hashomer Hatsair, the last of the old Labor Zionist movement to stick with its early ideology, he outlined the history of the struggles within the Labor Zionist movement as the Jewish settlements in Palestine and later in Israel unfolded.
		Labor Zionism was avowedly secular; it rejected the rabbis and their orthodoxy as tied to a Diaspora mentality.
		The latest "crisis" is on a par with the earlier ideological debate about using hired labor; it involves perhaps the greatest breach with the older communitarian tradition of "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs." Some kibbutzim have introduced differential pay for different jobs.
	www.csjo.org /pages/50yrs.php (1391 words)

	Ralph Schoenman: The Hidden History of Zionism - Chapter 2: Zionist Objectives
		The intent was to replace the indigenous population with a new settler community, to eradicate the farmers, artisans and town-dwellers of Palestine and substitute an entirely new workforce composed of the settler population.
		One of the principal theorists of Labor Zionism, a founder of the Zionist party Ha’Poel Ha’Tzair (The Young Worker) and a supporter of Poale Zion (Workers of Zion), was Aaron David Gordon.
		Zionism, be it right or wrong, good or bad is rooted in present needs, in future hopes of far profounder import than the desires of the 700,000-plus Arabs who now inhabit that ancient land.
	www.marxists.de /middleast/schoenman/ch02.htm (3700 words)

	A History of Zionism and the Creation of Israel - the Holocaust, the Conflict and the claims of anti-Zionists
		At no time between the Roman exile and the rise of Zionism was there a movement to settle the holy land that engaged the main body of European or Eastern Jews, though many were attracted to various false Messiahs such as Shabetai Tzvi, who promised to restore Jews to their land.
		When Zionism had its first beginnings, in the early 19th century, there were about 200,000 Arabs living in all of the land, mostly concentrated in the countryside of the West Bank and Galilee, and mostly lacking in national sentiment.
		Labor Zionists and the Zionist Executive were in favor of moderate policies that would try to work around the British opposition to Zionism.
	www.zionismontheweb.org /zionism_history.htm (12432 words)

	Ber Borochov - The Economic Development of the Jewish People
		In "The Economic Development of the Jewish People," Borochov expounds a central thesis of Socialist and Labor Zionism, which is that Jewish economic development is abnormal and "unhealthy." Because they are prevented from owning land and in engaging in normal pursuits, Borochov argued, Jews tended to congregate in non-essential, peripheral occupations.
		The natural gravitation of the Jew toward the occupations that require mental labor exemplifies the entrepreneuring spirit which drives the Jewish laborer to become a small, but independent, business man. The so-called economic individualism is deeply rooted in the landless history of the Jewish people.
		Zionism is the logical, natural consequence of the economic revolution that has been going on within Jewish life for the past few hundred years.
	www.zionismontheweb.org /ber_borochov_Economic_Development.htm (5612 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The defining institutions of Labor Zionism in pre-state Palestine were the Histadrut "trade union," the General Confederation of Workers in the Land of Israel, and the kibbutzim, a network of communal settlements which some have compared to utopian socialist communities.
		Zionism promised independence; it has produced a society in which the Prime Minister must periodically affirm to the people that the existence of the nation depends on the delivery of fifty or a hundred Phantom jets from the United States....
		Zionism promised physical security to the Jews; Israel is the most dangerous place on earth today for a Jew, and it will remain so as long as Israeli-Jewish society retains its colonial character and its function as an instrument of imperialism.
	www.isreview.org /issues/04/zionism_false_messiah.shtml (6351 words)

	Strategic Insights -- Framing the Zionist Movement: The Effects of Zionist Discourse on the Arab-Israeli Peace Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Unable to sustain political power by solely representing a pioneer minority, Labor ideology began shifting during WWII to broaden the base from the pioneer ideal to the working class.[29] It would shift again prior to 1948 due to a power struggle between Labor Zionists and the ZO.
		For Israeli youth, Zionism became a derogatory term associated with those who lacked the Israeli experience.[57] However, the victory of the 1967 Six Day War had a profound effect on political orientation in Israel and inspired a radical redefinition of Zionism by Israeli youth.
		Messianic Zionism was therefore revived with a militantly Revisionist twist and moved to the forefront of Jewish ideology and political control, thereby justifying Israel’s possession of conquered territories.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/2005/May/harrisMay05.asp (3006 words)

	Labor Zionism - definition - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/
		Labor Zionism - The Labor Zionist movement believed in founding the Jewish national home on Jewish labor and includes Socialist Zionists as well as adherents of Aaron David (A.D.) Gordon.
		Achdut Ha'avoda was the original united labor party formed by David Ben-Gurion in 1920.
		This work and individual entries are copyright © 2005 by Ami Isseroff and Zionism and Israel Information Center and may not reproduced in any form without permission unless explicitly noted otherwise.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Labor_Zionism.htm (458 words)

	NYU Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The images of Zionist pioneers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries--hard working, brawny, and living off the land--sprang from the ascendent socialist Zionist movement in Palestine known as "Labor Zionism." The building of the Yishuv, a new Jewish society in Palestine, was accompanied by the rapid growth of Zionism worldwide.
		Zionism and Labor Zionism had a much more substantial impact on the American Jewish scene than has been recognized.
		It also examines more generally the impact of Zionism on American Jews, making the case that Zionism's cultural vitality, intellectual diversity, and unparalleled ability to rally public opinion in times of crisis were central to the American Jewish experience.
	www.nyupress.org /product_info.php?products_id=1363 (227 words)

	Forward: Planting Labor Zionism in American Soil: Mixing the Image of the@ HighBeam Research
		Planting Labor Zionism in American Soil: Mixing the Image of the Pioneer With a Passion for Social Justice; The Emergence of American Zionism
		In Israel, Labor Zionism achieved its goal of establishing a socialist state.
		It was dominant in the Yishuv well before the founding of the state of Israel, and it controlled the government from independence until it lost the elections of 1977.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:22426779&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (220 words)

	Amir Peretz - Zionism and Israel - Biographies
		He was a member of "the eight," a group of eight Labor party Knesset representatives led by Yossi Beilin, who advocated a dovish Labor party policy on peace negotiations with the Palestinians.
		In contrast, the Labor party itself was in and out of coalition governments with Ariel Sharon's Likud, where they acquiesced in tax cuts and draconic cuts in services to the poor and education.
		The Labor party has for many years been the party of the intellectual and economic elite, while the poor supported the rightist Likud party and hawkish policies toward Palestinians and neighboring Arab countries.
	www.zionism-israel.com /bio/biography_Amir_Peretz.htm (1676 words)

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