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Topic: Labor history

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	Encyclopedia: Labor history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Labor history or labour history refers to the political, social and legal struggle, working people, in their collective demands for fairer and more humane treatment from their employers.
		Labor history also refers to the activity of social reform movements, and to the struggle to abolish all forms of exploitation by revolutionary movements.
		Labor law or labour law is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the relationship between and among employers, employees, and labor organizations, often dealing with issues of public law.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Labor-history (1204 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: History of Labor Turnover in the U.S.
		History of Labor Turnover in the U.S. Laura Owen, DePaul University
		Labor turnover is typically measured in terms of the separation rate (quits, layoffs, and discharges per 100 employees on the payroll).
		Though the decline in labor turnover in the early part of the twentieth century was seen by many as a sign of improved labor-management relations, the low turnover rates of the post-WWII era led macroeconomists to begin to question the benefits of strong attachments between workers and firms.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=owen.turnover (2342 words)

	Online NewsHour: Origins of Labor Day -- September 2, 1996 \| PBS
		Conceived by America's labor unions as a testament to their cause, the legislation sanctioning the holiday was shepherded through Congress amid labor unrest and signed by President Grover Cleveland as a reluctant election-year compromise.
		Assessing the historical impact of labor on politics.
		Aside from the already existing American Federation of Labor and the various railroad brotherhoods, industrial workers' unions were effectively stamped out and remained so until the Great Depression.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/business/september96/labor_day_9-2.html (701 words)

	IALHI News Service: Labor History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Labor History has been the pre-eminent journal in its field for the past forty-four years, and unlike many journals it is ISI-ranked, but only by continuous improvement will the journal maintain its vaunted status and keep pace with an ever-changing field.
		We at Labor History believe that labor historians need and want to be informed about the latest scholarship in disciplines like labor economics and industrial relations to broaden their own teaching and writing.
		The new Labor History is a bold endeavor to challenge these dispiriting trends and serve as the flagship of historical labor studies, broadly defined.
	www.ialhi.org /news/i0310_11.html (596 words)

	U.S. DOL - The History of Labor Day
		Labor Day, the first Monday in September, is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers.
		Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday preceding Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
		Labor Day addresses by leading union officials, industrialists, educators, clerics and government officials are given wide coverage in newspapers, radio, and television.
	www.dol.gov /opa/aboutdol/laborday.htm (764 words)

	Forgotten Facts of American Labor History - Mises Institute
		This common-sense legal approach to labor unionism began to give way with the Norris-La Guardia Act, signed by Herbert Hoover in 1932. The legislation made "yellow dog" contracts – in which an employee could be required to promise to refrain from union activity as a condition of employment – unenforceable in the courts.
		Labor economist Sylvester Petro undertook a thorough study of the period from 1880 to 1932 and found injunctions to be exceedingly rare: federal injunctions were issued in not even one percent of all work stoppages, while state injunctions were issued in less than two percent of all work stoppages.
		Although labor unionism has actually made working people worse off, however, the usual argument for labor unionism and government legislation on behalf of labor is that in the absence of these things, employers will pay their workers unconscionably low wages.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.aspx?Id=1685 (2597 words)

	American Federation Of Labor Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States.
		These local labor councils acquired a great deal of influence in some cases: as an example, the Chicago Central Labor Council spearheaded efforts to organize packinghouse and steel workers during and immediately after World War I.
		The impetus for the major federal labor laws of the 1930s came from the mass strikes that the AFL itself had little to do with in or from left unions within the AFL, such as the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/American_Federation_of_Labor (2066 words)

	A Routledge Journal: Labor History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Labor History is the pre-eminent journal for historical scholarship on labor in America.
		It is equally concerned with questions of labor in the eighteenth century as with the historical roots of contemporary events.
		Labor History is a true learning journal, in which ideas from a wide range of perspectives are shared, thus helping to bind together a large but fragmented area of study.
	www.tandf.co.uk /journals/titles/0023656X.html (595 words)

	The History of NBA Labor
		Tensions between the union and owners escalated until the owners announced in March that the playoff would be canceled unless the players gave assurances that they would "comply with their contracts" and participate in the playoffs as scheduled.
		The acrimony didn't block a new labor agreement however, as the NBPA came to a three-year labor agreement with the NBA in October of 1970 with an increase in minimum salaries, the playoff pool and the per diem allowance.
		Following the completion of the labor deal in 1994, the league and players managed to reach a no-strike, no-lockout agreement to protect the 1994-95 season, playing under the previous agreement in hopes of striking a new deal during the season.
	members.aol.com /apbrhoops/labor.html (2127 words)

	sgs.doc
		Seattle in 1919 was an auspicious stage for labor's critical fight.
		From a longer historical perspective the strike marked a watershed between labor's wartime bargaining strength and its bitter postwar struggles in basic industries (mining, steel) and politics (the Red Scare).
		History Committee of the General Strike Committee, “The Seattle General Strike : An Account of What Happened in Seattle, and Especially in the Seattle Labor Movement During the General Strike, February 6 to 11, 1919.” Seattle: Seattle Union Record Pub.
	staff.washington.edu /gregoryj/strike/gold.htm (1952 words)

	Pacific Northwest Labor History Projects
		Working men and women and their labor movements have been central to the region's history and remain a powerful force in contemporary society and politics.
		This page is a gateway to a set of labor history projects directed by Professor James N. Gregory and sponsored by the Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies at the University of Washington.
		The Seattle General Strike of 1919 was the first city-wide strike anywhere in the United States to be proclaimed a "general strike." This project explores the strike and the early 20th century history of labor and radicalism in the state of Washington.
	faculty.washington.edu /gregoryj/pnwlabor (967 words)

	History of Labor Unions
		"The various trades have been affected by the introduction of machinery, the subdivision of labor, the use of women's and children's labor and the lack of an apprentice system-so that the skilled trades were rapidly sinking to the level of pauper labor," the AFL declared.
		A state factory investigation committee headed by Frances Perkins (she was to become Franklin Roosevelt's secretary of labor in 1933, the first woman cabinet member in history) paved the way for many long needed reforms in industrial safety and fire prevention measures.
		Of crucial importance, the Clayton Act of 1914 made explicit the legal concept that "the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce" and hence not subject to the Sherman Act provisions which had been the legal basis for injunctions against union organization.
	www.socialstudieshelp.com /Eco_Unionization.htm (2200 words)

	IALHI News Service: Labor History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This Fund, intended by the publishers to support the Labor History community, will be used to endow essay prizes, student bursaries and travel grants for scholars at all stages of their career; the Fund will also be used to return revenues to authors whose articles in Labor History have been reprinted.
		From 2004, authors whose work is accepted in Labor History will also have the guarantees provided by the Labor History Bill of Rights, which, amongst other things, commits the journal to the fair review of articles, free from political bias; a copy of the Bill of Rights is posted on the Labor History website.
		Institutional subscribers to Labor History will soon be able to enjoy electronic access to the journal's rich archive as the digitisation of the entire run of the journal begins later this year.
	www.ialhi.org /news/i0310_20.html (259 words)

	AllRefer.com - National Labor Relations Board : History (Labor) - Encyclopedia
		The NLRB functioned during World War II, but labor relations were mainly handled by the National War Labor Board (WLB), which existed from 1942 until 1945.
		With the passage in 1947 of the Taft-Hartley Labor Act (also known as the Labor-Management Relations Act), the NLRB was converted into a purely judicial body, with the prosecution of unfair labor practices transferred to a general counsel.
		In 1959 the Taft-Hartley Labor Act was amended by the Landrum-Griffin Act (also known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act), which repealed the requirement that a union must file a non-Communist affidavit and a financial report in order to obtain a hearing before the NLRB.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/NatlLabo-history.html (476 words)

	Labor Bibliography \| OAH Magazine of History
		The field of American labor history remains one of the most dynamic and diverse arenas of historical inquiry today.
		In response, Michael Kazin agrees that unions need to remain central to labor history; however, he does not view with apprehension the new focus on women, society, religion, and language as part of labor history.
		He is also a graduate researcher at the IU Oral History Research Center, where he has worked as a principal investigator for the Indiana Labor History Project and the current program Economic Development in Indiana: Past, Present, and Future.
	www.oah.org /pubs/magazine/labor/labor-bib.html (2616 words)

	Journals: Duke University Press
		Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas, edited by Leon Fink, professor of history at the University of Illinois at Chicago, is a new journal about labor history in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
		Labor was created in response to "developing irreconcilable differences" between the editorial board of Labor History and its publisher, Taylor and Francis.
		The Labor and Working-Class History Association (LAWCHA), an organization of scholars, union members, students, and citizens that promotes a wide understanding of the history of working-class people, their communities, and their organizations in the U.S., has adopted the journal.
	www.dukeupress.edu /labor (526 words)

	Labor Press Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A daily newspaper with a circulation that sometimes reached 80,000, it was the voice of labor from 1900-1928.
		The Cannery and Farm Laborer's Union was launched in 1933 by Filipino workers who made the annual circuit from the Alaska canneries to the fields of eastern Washington and California.
		This site is one of the Pacific Northwest Labor History Projects directed by James Gregory and sponsored by the Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies at the University of Washington.
	faculty.washington.edu /gregoryj/laborpress (1150 words)

	Labor History Sources (Manuscript Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Goodman pioneered the labor movement's concern with radiation safety and was secretary of the AFL-CIO's Atomic Energy Technical Committee from its establishment until 1967.
		One container of Landis's papers is devoted to his role as a special trial examiner for the U.S. Department of Labor in its attempt to deport Harry Bridges of the west coast longshoremen's union.
		Straus, Oscar S. Straus was secretary of commerce and labor, 1906-09, and chaired the arbitration commission to settle the dispute between eastern railroads and their engineers in 1912.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/laborlc.html (3105 words)

	California Labor History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Welcome to the California Labor History Map website, which enables users to explore, by location, date, or text search, over 1200 key events in the state’s labor history that have affected the lives of working people.
		An exhibit in the California State Capitol featured the printed California Labor History Map with photographs and posters illustrating 11 important labor history events involving state government.
		If you find that the California Labor History Map opens in a window too large or small for comfortable viewing on your computer monitor’s screen, please click here for help in setting the resolution of your display.
	calpedia.sfsu.edu /calabor (206 words)

	Focus on Work & Labor History
		The Labor Arts website is a virtual museum that presents images of art and cultural artifacts with artistic value generated by working people and their organizations.
		The website is a unique resource for Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania labor and union research, facilitating the promotion and education of history’s most highly industrialized regions in the United States.
		In many ways, the history of the Triangle Factory Fire encapsulates the urban work experience of hundreds of thousands of young immigrant men and women in the early part of the twentieth century.
	www.publichistory.org /reviews/view_issue.asp?IssueNumber=8 (3105 words)

	Labor Day - History of the Observance of Labor Day
		Labor Day is a national legal holiday that is over 100 years old.
		In the late 1880's, labor organizations began to lobby various state legislatures for recognition of Labor Day as an official state holiday.
		Today, Labor Day is observed not only in the U.S. but also in Canada, and in other industrialized nations.
	wilstar.com /holidays/laborday.htm (422 words)

	An Eclectic List of Events in U.S. Labor History
		Perhaps the majority of those who argue for "free enterprise" and the removal of restrictions on capitalist corporations are unaware that over the course of this country's history, workers have fought and often died for protection from capitalist industry.
		The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, forerunner of the AFL, passed a resolution stating that "8 hours shall constitute a legal day's work from and after May 1, 1886." Though the Federation did not intend to stimulate a mass insurgency, its resolution had precisely that effect.
		William Randolph Hearst's San Francisco Chronicle began publishing articles on the menace of Japanese laborers, leading to a resolution of the California Legislature that action be taken against their immigration.
	www.lutins.org /labor.html (3882 words)

	Georgia State University Library - Special Collections & Archives - Southern Labor Archives
		Georgia State University’s Southern Labor Archives, established in 1971, is dedicated to collecting, preserving and making available the documentary heritage of Southern workers and their unions, as well as that of workers and unions having an historic relationship to the region.
		The largest accumulation of labor records in the Southeast, the Archives holdings include organizational records, pamphlets, periodicals, photographs, personal papers of labor leaders, oral histories, collective bargaining agreements, constitutions and bylaws, and convention proceedings from 1888 to the present.
		Significantly, the Southern Labor Archives is also the official repository of the papers of former U.S. Secretary of Labor W.
	www.library.gsu.edu /spcoll/labor (295 words)

	WWW Virtual Library Labour History: Web Resources: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		History of Refractories in Australia A history of Newbold General Refractories in Sydney, by Michelle Watson (1996).
		Labor and the Holocaust An introduction to the New York-based Jewish Labor Committee founded in 1934.
		Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism at the Holt House (Washington, DC).
	www.iisg.nl /~w3vl/vl-res.html (3837 words)

	Labor Day / May Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The observation of Labor Day on the first Monday in September is usually attributed to the Knights of Labor who held their first parade on September 5, 1882.
		A reasonable summary is that the labor organizers were peacefully demonstrating for an eight hour day, an anarchist threw a bomb in to the crowd, which killed a policeman, the police killed several demonstrators and some policemen, the powers that be arrested the labor leaders.
		The proclamation of Labor Day in September in the United States can only be interpreted as an effort to isolate the working American from his colleagues around the world, and obscure the history of what Management did to Labor in Chicago in 1886.
	www.cs.uni.edu /~campbell/gened/labour.html (363 words)

	Wisconsin Labor History Society Bibliography
		Welcome to the Wisconsin Labor History Bibliography, which identifies resources for the study of workers and unions and work in Wisconsin.
		The bibliography is still in its early stages and we are currently concentrating on compiling information mainly found in books, articles and theses, although some videos and music cassettes have already been included.
		Click here to downwload A PDF file for an extensive list of "40 Books about Labor for Children and Youth," offered through the Wisconsin Labor History Society by kind permission of the Cooperative Children's Book Center of the School of Education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
	www.wisconsinlaborhistory.org /ref.html (305 words)

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