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Topic: Labor unions in Japan

	Labor unions - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Labor unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Unions may also be affiliated to a larger organization that negotiates with the government, for example the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in the UK and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) in the USA.
		Trade unions of a kind existed in the Middle Ages as artisans' guilds, and combinations of wage earners were formed at the start of industrialization in the 18th century; but trade unions did not formally (or legally) come into existence in Britain until the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century.
		The trade union movement was instrumental in the formation, in 1900, of the Labour Representation Committee, a forerunner of the Labour Party.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Labor+unions (2817 words)

	JPRI Working Paper No. 35
		The fundamental raison d'etre of Japan's enterprise unions is, at least in principle, the protection of the jobs of workers as members of enterprises-expressed in the ideal of lifetime employment.
		Enterprise unions possess a number of potential advantages over other forms of organization: they are well placed to know the situation, including the financial conditions, of their firms in detail, and they are therefore able to shape their bargaining demands accordingly.
		The Japan Labor Lawyers Association and the left-leaning National Metal and Machinery Workers of Japan (Kinzoku Kikai), which represents primarily workers in small- and mid-sized firms, are angered by the labor ministry's stance.
	www.jpri.org /publications/workingpapers/wp35.html (4748 words)

	Large
		The general perception of the labor union movement and the socialist movement in Japan before World War II is that they are past history and have little to do with those of us who participate in the ongoing endeavors.
		The labor union brings together workers who have two sides to their character: a member of the working class and an employee of a specific corporation.
		Unions will not be able to overcome this barrier unless their movement develops wider objectives and values which all of their members can strive to achieve.
	www.global-labour.org /large.htm (1267 words)

	Japan - Labor Unions
		The rate of labor union membership, which was 35.4 percent in 1970, had declined considerably by the end of the 1980s.
		In general, Japanese unions are sensitive to the economic health of the company, and company management usually brief the union membership on the state of corporate affairs.
		Many union officers go on to higher positions within the corporation if they are particularly effective (or troublesome), but few become active in organized labor activities at the national level.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-7193.html (531 words)

	Privatization of Japanese National Railways and Labor Unions
		Through the defeat of the labor sides, labor unions in private sectors left the solution of everyday problems entirely to their management, and focused their activities merely on their increase of wages.
		However, leaders of labor union under the protection of management side became at a loss when capital imposed sacrifice on their workers and pressed compromise on labor unions during the shift of globalization.
		Labor unions should grasp the overall influence of globalization on people in the world, and pursue universal values based on society, international relationship, and global environment.
	www.jru7.net /privatization.htm (4457 words)

	Book Review - UG 2000 No. 7; Hackworth and Wyly on Herod, editor
		Unfortunately, the spatiality of old and new labor relations remains poorly understood—obscured by a Weberian, factor-of-production legacy of economic geography, and hidden by the historicist emphasis of social science.
		At a time when organized labor is caricatured as a passive, defensive remnant of a mythical industrial golden age, Organizing the Landscape presents a sophisticated, timely, and penetrating analysis of labor’s role in the construction and reformulation of economic geographies.
		Though the state and labor unions in Japan also have had a strong bond in the post-war years, the politics and spatial practices of unions there actually have been supportive of Japanese investment elsewhere.
	www.bellpub.com /ug/2000/ad000706.htm (1307 words)

	Untitled Document
		Though Chinese labor is central to global labor markets, its huge numbers add tremendous weight to that central position, and any comprehensive global labor strategy needs the solidarity of Chinese workers, we seem unable to rid ourselves of the "red demons" that prevent us from acting in international labor solidarity.
		While official union movements may for whatever reason, be it fear of the red menace or anything else, continue to deny the pivotal position of Chinese labor and the need to build solidarity, workers have an urgent practical need to build unity.
		She is a former garment worker, union organizer, manager, and international vice-president of the U.S. garment workers union UNITE, and its predecessor the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.
	www.ictur.labournet.org /Quan.htm (1797 words)

	Crisis in Japan and Workers’ Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Traditionally in Japan the wage had not been set by the horizontal wage scheme but by a specific system called " seniority system " established respectively by a company, in which the first wage payment is extremely low but, gradually and through on-the-job-training, salary goes up year after year as he/she works for his/her company.
		A worker in Japan on the average lives in a house with a floor space of 93.3m² (177.5m² in the United States and 154.9m² in Italy), which was called " a rabbit hutch " by Europeans.
		The New Socialist Party of Japan is determined to continue struggling in order to revitalize militant and class-conscious labor movements in the country in alliance with avant-garde labor union activists.
	www.ptb.be /scripts/article.phtml?section=A3AAAEBBBF&obid=13711 (1667 words)

	Iraqi trade unions make global debut \| Iraq Business News
		MIYAZAKI, Japan: Iraqi labor unions making their global debut at a conference in Japan are seeking tips on their tough task - how to make workers aware of rights suppressed for years by Saddam Hussein.
		Five trade union leaders from Iraq attended the 18th World Congress of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (Icftu), which began on Sunday in the southwestern resort city of Miyazaki.
		Salih voiced optimism that the labor movement in Iraq could play a role as it did in Japan, where trade unions were key in the country's stunning economic comeback after the devastation of war.
	www.iraqdirectory.com /files/articles/article279.htm (652 words)

	Environmentalists Against War
		On the ground in southern Iraq, a new labor movement is being born.
		Unions are suspicious of Iraq's elite political class, returning from exile, enamored with the ideology of the market economy.
		Labor's veterans remember the heady days of the 1958 revolution, when organizing unions, breaking up the big estates, and building public housing for the urban poor were not just dreams, but government policy.
	www.envirosagainstwar.org /know/read.php?&itemid=3242 (3948 words)

	Labor Unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Most Japanese labor unions are organized not along industry-wide job specialty or occupational lines, but as enterprise unions with membership restricted primarily to regular, full-time employees working in a single company and its affiliates.
		An individual company's enterprise union generally belongs to an industry-wide union federation, one example being Un'yu Roren (All Japan Federation of Transport Workers' Unions), and that federation in turn usually belongs to a national, cross-industry labor federation.
		The Spring Labor Offensive is a familiar practice in management-labor relationships in Japan.
	web-japan.org /factsheet/employ/union.html (301 words)

	The Grind - #33 May/Jun 98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		General unions in Japan represent any employee in any job, even if their workplace is not organized.
		The operating idea of the general unions is thus somewhat similar to the "One Big Union" philosophy of the IWW in America.
		Certification of the independent union was initially denied by the Tijuana labor board on a technicality, and a second election was ordered after hunger strikes and unrest caused the federal government to step in.
	www.washingtonfreepress.org /33/Working.html (828 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Labor Organizations - Japan
		Postwar labor unions were established with the blessings of the occupation authorities.
		Observers in the late 1980s viewed labor unions' role in the policy-making process as less powerful than that of business and agricultural organizations because the unions' enterprise-based structure made national federations weak and because unions were closely associated with parties that remained out of power.
		Two leftist union confederations emerged in the wake of the amalgamation of Sohyo and Rengo: the 1.2 million-member Japan Confederation of Trade Unions (Zenroren), and the 500,000-member National Trade Union Council (Zenrokyo).
	www.exploitz.com /Japan-Labor-Organizations-cg.php (533 words)

	asahi.com : English
		With the shunto spring labor negotiations set to start shortly, unions are demanding, among other things, an increase in the ratio of pay to overall business profits of companies.
		The largest labor umbrella organization argued that the lower labor share is putting a drag on economic recovery.
		Labor unions are intent on getting larger shares of their companies bulging bottom lines.
	www.asahi.com /english/opinion/TKY200503040132.html (713 words)

	Press Release 8/4/97 (R-2245) LABOR POLICY BY AND BEYOND THE NLRB GLOBALIZATION, CORPORATE REORGANIZATION, AND THE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 signed into law by another great President of these United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, embodies that view of the employment relationship through a bill of rights for workers which establishes freedom of association for the purpose of participating in the practice and procedure of collective bargaining.
		This movement is a major advance in labor relations because, in its best form, it attempts nothing less than to transform the relationship between employer and employees from one of adversaries locked in unalterable opposition to one of partners with different but mutual interests who can cooperate with one another.
		that labor costs are a factor in a decision [to relocate] is hardly dispositive of a question of whether the dispute between the parties is.
	www.nlrb.gov /nlrb/press/releases/r2245.asp (3964 words)

	Akira Suzuki's Website_Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Building on theories of union democracy and the internal political process of unions, the paper argues that unions are not unitary actors, and examines how the internal politics of the unions, once active in the 1950s, became inactive in the 1960s and thereafter.
		The main argument is that the autonomy of unions' internal political processes from management should not be assumed and that the very development of internal politics of unions may be influenced by the actors with which the unions interact.
		"The Polarization of the Union Movement in Postwar Japan: Politics in the Unions of Steel and Railway Workers." 1997, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
	sp.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp /users/aki/art-e.html (1387 words)

	Japan - INTEREST GROUPS
		Japan's relatively few lawyers divided their allegiance among three professional groups separately affiliated with the LDP, the Japan Socialist Party, and the Japan Communist Party.
		Nikkeiren was concerned largely with labor-management relations and with organizing a united business front to negotiate with labor unions on wage demands during the annual "Spring Struggle." The Keizai Doyu Kai, composed of younger and more liberal business leaders, assigned itself the role of promoting business's social responsibilities.
		Citizens and consumer movements, which became prominent during the 1960s and 1970s, were organized around issues relating to the quality of life, the protection of the environment from industrial pollution, and the safety (although not the cost) of consumer goods.
	www.countrystudies.us /japan/120.htm (2300 words)

	Japan: Bail for Jailed Rail Unionists
		Though there was no possibility of Evidence Destruction which was the alleged reason for their prolonged detention, the JRU seven union members had been kept in the detention house for as long as 344 days since their abrupt arrest on November 11, 2002.
		These phenomena shows that today it is a common practice to support and join hands with labor unions oppressed by their government and power.
		These were the oppressive acts against labor union that opposes to the war.
	www.labournet.net /world/0310/jru1.html (730 words)

	UE News: Japanese Unions Demonstrate Real Solidarity
		Assistance by Japanese unions to UE struggles is a potent reminder that international solidarity is not a one-way street.
		Several Japanese unions are coming to UE’s aid in a first contract struggle, while UE’s sister union in Japan intervened to help overturn an unjust firing at a Wisconsin plant owned by a Japanese corporation.
		As reported in the UE NEWS, the union is engaged in a growing campaign to gain a first contract for Local 758 members employed by the Glastic Corp. in Jefferson, Ohio.
	www.ranknfile-ue.org /uen_0699_japansol.html (563 words)

	Labor Blog
		It's not too hard to understand why public employee unions are generally hostile to Republicans, especially considering the war against public employees in Missouri and Indiana.
		He's hoping that the growing numbers of Californians who don't have the pensions, health care and salaries enjoyed by public employees will grow to resent the privileges that "public servants" are enjoying on their tax dollars.
		When public-sector workers were first joining unions in the '60s, they were largely playing catch-up with private-sector employees.
	www.nathannewman.org /laborblog/archive/003068.shtml (588 words)

	The Federation of Electric Power Related Industry Worker's Unions of Japan
		It is a free and democratic labor union federation that belongs to both the JTUC-RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation), which is a national center, and the ICEM (International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions), an international industrial federation.
		Since its foundation in 1969, we have been endeavoring to ensure the safety of union members, enhance the working environment and improve labor conditions through organizing the activities of labor unions, while adhering to our social mission of supplying electricity stably in order to contribute to the economy of Japan.
		As Japan is an island country with very few energy resources, it imports approximately 80% of its primary energy, so over-dependence on a particular source of energy for power development presents a risk in terms of energy security.
	www.denryokusoren.or.jp /english/index.html (497 words)

	PBI Asian HR Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although the labor participation rate of Taiwanese women is still considerably lower than those of other countries, the overall rate of participation is increasing.
		Although most unions in Japan are enterprise-based and consist of employees from a single company, every spring, a number of unions band together in order to demand improved working conditions through centralized bargaining with management.
		During this year’s shunto held in March 2003, Japan’s major electronics manufacturers announced that this would most likely be the last year the companies would agreed to the labor unions’ demands for increased pay based on seniority.
	www.pacificbridge.com /newsletter/html/newsletter_v3n4.htm (1052 words)

	Industrial relations (Japan)
		The Trade Union Law prohibits employers from unfair labour practices, including the refusal to bargain collectively and prejudicial treatment of union members.
		Over 90 percent of Japan’s trade unions are enterprise unions; each enterprise union joins an industrial union to form a confederation.
		The trade unions of leading enterprises in the major industries (steel, shipbuilding, electronics and automobiles) offer a proposal and negotiate for wage increases as “pattern setters”.
	www.reformmonitor.org /httpd-cache/doc_stq_ir-192.html (910 words)

	Iraqi Unions Defy Privatization \| The Progressive
		Together with two other labor federations and a handful of independent professional associations, the labor movement is now the biggest secular institution in Iraqi civil society—and the one most opposed to Bush’s privatization schemes.
		The new dock union challenged the company’s right to run the port this spring, and on March 2, 600 longshoremen, oil workers, and supporters descended on Zubair.
		He also is a member of U.S. Labor Against the War, which organized a visit of Iraqi unionists to the United States in the spring.
	www.progressive.org /?q=mag_bacon1005 (2193 words)

	法政大学大原社会問題研究所_大原社会労働リンク集
		The JEIU is a federation of 292 unions (as of 1997) in electrical, electronic and information industries.
		The Japan Institute of Labour (JIL) is the third sector research institute under the supervision of the Ministry of Labour.
		JIL publishes Japan Labor Bulletin, a monthly journal in English that reports up-to-date labor issues.
	oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp /links/general-e.html (503 words)

	Events
		A factory once dominated by an illegal and unrepresentative labor union is now one of the only workplaces in the Mexican garment industry with a democratic, independent union chosen by the workers themselves.
		The participants in this project are labor union leaders, labor federation officials, government labor ministry officials, industry association officers and worker education specialists from 13 countries who are here to learn about labor and economic issues in the US.
		Lai will be discussing her work as a consultant to labor unions and mediating disputes between employers and employees.
	www.iir.berkeley.edu /henningcenter/events.html (905 words)

	UE News: Practice Acts of Actual Solidarity, Kingsley Tells International Conference
		Speeches and resolutions are okay, but what unions around the world need are acts of real solidarity, UE Dir.
		Vjk Nair of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions spoke of the devastation accompanying an 11 percent increase in unemployment from 1991 to 1998.
		Referring to the international phenomenon of downsizing and wage cuts, Kingsley declared, "We in UE are also keenly aware that the United States and U.S.-based multinationals are among the loudest proponents of new world trade and investment schemes which promote this race to the bottom.
	www.ranknfile-ue.org /uen_1100_zenrconf.html (764 words)

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