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	Laboratory for Laser Energetics - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) is a scientific research facility which is part of the University of Rochester's south campus, located in Rochester, New York.
		The Laser Lab was commissioned to serve as a center for investigations of high-energy physics, specifically those involving the interaction of extremely-intense laser radiation with matter.
		The OMEGA laser at the LLE is one of the most powerful and highest energy lasers in the world.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/LLE (462 words)

	University of Rochester secures $72 million for laser energetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Laboratory activities are estimated to have a direct economic impact of more than $61 million, he said.
		First opened in 1970, the facility is home to the world's most powerful laser, Omega, which currently releases more than 100 times the total power output of the nation in a billionth of a second.
		The new laser is scheduled to begin operation in 2007.
	oemagazine.com /newscast/2005/120205_newscast01.html (396 words)

	Magnetic Shield Corp. - Newsletter - Vol. 4, Num. 2
		The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) of the University of Rochester is a unique national resource for research and education in science and technology.
		The OMEGA laser at LLE uses 60 symmetrically aimed laser beams to compress direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets.
		The laser beams heat and compress the target, causing the DT fuel to undergo nuclear fusion, which releases energy in the form of neutrons.
	www.magnetic-shield.com /newsletter/vol4-2/p3.html (423 words)

	Prof. Steve Jacobs' Team Web Site
		We were the first to develop and utilize large aperture, laser damage resistant, low molecular weight liquid crystal devices as circular polarizers and waveplates.
		Over 300 liquid crystal optics to 200 mm in diameter are used for polarization control in the OMEGA Nd: glass laser system at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE).
		The subjects of magnetic fluid chemistry, rheology, and the interactions of polishing abrasives with various optical glasses, water soluble crystals, and semiconductors are being explored with MRF polishing machines and instrumentation like a laser particle size analyzer, magnetorheometer, optical white light interferometer, nanoindenter, birefringence mapper, and an atomic force microscope.
	www.opticsexcellence.org /SJ_TeamSite/index.html (449 words)

	Most Powerful Laser Implodes Hydrogen Fusion Target
		To pack the biggest punch in the smallest space, scientists at the University's Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) filled a hollow plastic ball thinner than the lead in a pencil with fusion fuel under immense pressure and chilled it to minus 424 degrees Fahrenheit.
		When the laser begins its firing sequence, the shroud is whisked off the pellet at five meters per second, and a billionth of a second later, more than 100 times the total power used by all the businesses and homes in the United States is focused on the one-millimeter pellet.
		The lasers actually crush the pellet from 60 directions at once, vaporizing the plastic shell and sending it as a kind of shock wave into the frozen ice inside, heating the atoms and causing them to undergo momentary fusion.
	unisci.com /stories/20012/0409011.htm (1090 words)

	Laboratory for Laser Energetics
		LLE operates under a cooperative research agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy and supports over 530 on-site personnel, including faculty-equivalent scientists and research engineers, software analysts, engineers, technicians, graduate and undergraduate students, as well as hosting international scientists on sabbatical leaves.
		Under the general direction of the Administrative Division Director, manages and administers the human resources needs of the Laboratory and is the primary liaison with the River Campus Human Resources office and HR specialists.
		LLE sponsors an active program of developing advanced solid-state laser systems, electro-optic systems and laser diagnostics for the OMEGA and OMEGA EP laser facilities.
	www.lle.rochester.edu /02_visitors/careers.php (585 words)

	ScienceCache - Press Room at the University of Rochester Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Laboratory for Laser Energetics will receive $72.6 million in funding for current operations and construction of its new, four-beam extension facility through a bill signed last month by President George W. Bush.
		“The Laboratory for Laser Energetics has played a leading, national role in efforts to develop nuclear fusion as a reliable energy source and in the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship program,” says University President Joel Seligman.
		LLE’s new Robert L. Sproull Center for Ultra High Intensity Laser Research will extend Omega's capabilities to include a “petawatt” facility, meaning the laser will produce 1 million billion watts of power.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /pr/sciencecache/2005Dec2.cfm (767 words)

	Plasma and Laser Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The study of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas is currently in the midst of a renaissance.
		The University of Rochester (UR), with its 60-beam, 30-kJ OMEGA laser system housed in the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), is the world's leading academic institution in the field.
		The Department group in Plasma and Laser Physics is closely aligned with a larger University interdisciplinary program in High Energy Density Plasma Physics, involving additional faculty at both the LLE and the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
	spider.pas.rochester.edu /mainFrame/research/plasma.html (418 words)

	Punch of world's most powerful laser rachets up a notch
		The Laboratory of Laser Energetics houses the world’s most powerful laser: the 60-beam Omega.
		Omega fires its energy on a millimeter-sized pellet, causing the pellet to implode, crushing in on itself and triggering nuclear fusion.
		The scientists at the laboratory had to install 240 of the refracting crystals, each more than a foot in diameter, onto the laser one beam at a time.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-10/UoR-Powm-2610100.php (626 words)

	The History Laser Surgery at RGH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		June 1983 ~ Professor Issac Kaplan, a plastic surgeon and father of the Sharplan C02 laser, presents the Laser Group with a control pod for the Sharplan 733 laser enabling it to be used for laser tissue fusion.
		October 1985 ~ The Laser Group is invited to present their work at the VI Congress of the International Society For Laser Surgery and Medicine In Tel Aviv, Israel.
		Residents were always a fixture of laser course at RGH from their inception.
	www.viahealth.org /body_surgical.cfm?id=483 (710 words)

	GA's Role in Inertial Confinement Fusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1990, GA became the ICF Target Support contractor, providing the five US ICF laboratories with research, development, and fabrication support for inertial fusion targets -- the tiny hydrogen-filled spheres, or "capsules", and tiny cylindrical metal containers, or "hohlraums" and other micromachined components, that are the heart of ICF experiments.
		We are presently developing and building the cryogenic target handling system for the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics.
		This laser will heat and compress ICF targets to high enough density and temperature that thermonuclear ignition occurs and more energy will be released than was input to the target.
	fusion.gat.com /icf/role (375 words)

	Laser History - High Power Pulsed Lasers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A prototype of one of the 192 NIF lasers (in LLNL high bay Bldg.
		Final mirror and lens array direct laser beams onto target (see also) The Propagation Bay is a 155-ft long insulated room.
		Lasers Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California.
	laserstars.org /history/lasers.html (2506 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Super laser advances fusion research
		One of the world's most powerful lasers, called the Omega, has imploded a super-cooled pellet of solid hydrogen as part of a research programme to find ways of compressing the element to a critical point where nuclear reactions will occur.
		To find out how to do this, researchers at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) filled a hollow plastic ball with solid hydrogen under immense pressure and chilled it to minus 250 deg C. The pellets are some of the smoothest, most perfectly round objects in the world.
		As the laser beam struck it, the pellet was stripped of its protective housing in a split-second and blasted with more energy than 100 times the peak power output of the entire US power grid.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1263863.stm (578 words)

	Major HEDP Facilities
		OMEGA, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester
		The OMEGA laser beam facility has 60 laser beams that focus up to 40 kJ of energy onto a target with a size of less than 1 millimeter in diameter in approximately one nanosecond.
		The LMJ laser beam facility, being built in the Bordeaux region of France, is designed to study high energy density plasmas and inertial confinement fusion.
	www.prism-cs.com /Links/HEDP_facilities.htm (208 words)

	High Energey Density Laboratory Astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The use of high energy density devices like Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) lasers for investigations of cosmic environments is a new development in astrophysics which holds great promise.
		The development of astrophysics with intense lasers also holds the promise of developing a stronger and mutually beneficial relationship between the astrophysical and plasma physics communities.
		The theoretical astrophysics group in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Laser Enegetics (LLE) have combined their resources and talents to create aa new program in High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics.
	www.pas.rochester.edu /~afrank/labastro/intro.html (592 words)

	Session 4E - Laser Plasma Interactions.
		This suppression is weakened by temporal laser smoothing which results in dynamic laser hot spots and by background plasma flow transverse to the laser propagation direction.
		Propagation of laser energy through a long scalelength plasma is important to ICF because it determines the laser intensity and spot characteristics on the wall of an indirect drive hohlraum.
		We study the effects of plasma density, laser intensity, plasma composition, and laser smoothing on the nature of the transmitted light.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSDPP96/abs/S270.html (2105 words)

	Progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion research at the laboratory for laser energetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		LLE is developing the "polar-direct-drive" (PDD) approach that repoints beams toward the target equator.
		A unique "Saturn-like" plastic ring around the equator refracts the laser light incident near the equator toward the target, improving the drive uniformity.
		LLE is currently constructing the multibeam, 2.6-kJ/beam, petawatt laser system OMEGA EP.
	www.edpsciences.org /articles/epjd/abs/first/d06018/d06018.html (307 words)

	Conventional Fusion FAQ Glossary Part 12/26 (L)
		Laser light radiation is notable for its brightness and to some extent for its monochromaticity and spatial and temporal coherence.
		Because of the monochromatic nature and high brightness of laser light, laser interferometers can operate with much longer beam paths and path differences than conventional interferometers.
		Home of the Nova laser inertial confinement fusion program; Nova is the largest laser in the world.
	www.cs.uu.nl /wais/html/na-dir/fusion-faq/glossary/l.html (2238 words)

	Photonics.com Printer Friendly Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ROCHESTER, N.Y., Sept. 10 -- A camera designed by researchers at the University of Rochesterâ€™s Laboratory for Laser Energetics to take incredibly quick snapshots of its giant laser in action has been licensed exclusively to a Rochester business, Sydor Instruments LLC, to commercialize the technology for use in research around the world.
		It employs an automatic calibration to ensure it is operating at peak effectiveness, and it is this ability to self-calibrate that is the real innovation behind the patented laser lab design, the university said in a statement.
		Sydor Instruments was founded earlier this year to commercialize high-precision instruments by transferring technology from laser research programs that develop new instrument technology to other laser research programs in need of measuring new levels of performance.
	www.photonics.com /printerFriendly.aspx?contentID=62382 (388 words)

	Lasers-Optics-USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Laser Trap for Cesium Atoms (University of Southern California)
		Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics (University at Buffalo)
		Chemical laser group (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
	members.aol.com /WSRNet/laser.htm (267 words)

	ScienceDaily: Punch Of World's Most Powerful Laser Ratchets Up A Notch
		National Ignition Facility Project Sets Records For Laser Performance (June 9, 2003) -- The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory recently produced 10,400 Joules or 10.4 kiloJoules (kJ) of ultraviolet laser light in a single laser beamline, setting a...
		Tiny 'Test Tubes' May Aid Pharmaceutical R&D (October 2, 2003) -- Using laser light as tweezers and a scalpel, scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have demonstrated the use of artificial cells as nanovials for ultrasmall volume...
		Confocal laser scanning microscopy -- Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM or LSCM) is a valuable tool for obtaining high resolution images and 3-D...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/10/001031065626.htm (1910 words)

	Photonics.com Printer Friendly Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Opened in 1970, the LLE is home to the world's most power laser, Omega, which currently releases more than 100 times the total power output of the nation in a billionth of a second.
		The new 82,000-square foot Robert L. Sproull Center for Ultra High Intensity Laser Research now being completed at the University of Rochester (UR) will extend Omega's capabilities to include a "petawatt" facility, meaning the laser will produce 1 million billion watts of power.
		The extended performance facility will allow LLE to conducts experiments involving modeling the very young universe, understanding the quantum world and studying relativistic laser-matter interactions.
	www.photonics.com /printerFriendly.aspx?contentID=63217 (295 words)

	Prof. Steve Jacobs' Team Web Site
		Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Center for Optics Manufacturing
		Located here are a number of optical tables (some vibration isolated), various laser systems, and a class 100 clean room for substrate cleaning, substrate coating, buffing, and liquid crystal device assembly.
		used in conjunction with various laser and other light sources to measure refractive index, change in refractive index with temperature, or birefringence of glasses, liquids, liquid crystals, and polymers
	www.opticsexcellence.org /SJ_TeamSite/FacilitiesInstrumentation.html (880 words)

	ICF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The image above shows the laser-driven implosion of a small pellet of fusion fuel at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York.
		Many invisible infra-red laser beams simultaneously converge on a tiny target, intensely heating the outside and squeezing the fuel into the center of the pellet.
		Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), operated by the University of California for the U.S. Dept. of Energy.
	fusedweb.pppl.gov /Intro/Inertial.html (211 words)

	Lauren Bedugnis :: New Media Portfolio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Laboratory for Laser Energetics -- Website created during my Co-Op at University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics.
		This is one of the main LLE "sister sites" that started to set the precedent to use the horizontal style.
		Note: The banner design and colors were decided before I worked on the site, but I was the one who implemented it into html and css.
	www.rit.edu /~lmb8451/nmportfolio/web.html (687 words)

	tphs-2005-meeting-october.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Eugene Kowaluk, TPHS member and Imaging Specialist/Staff Photographer for the laboratory for Laser Energetics, will speak to us on WEDNESDAY, Oct. 19 at the University of Rochester at 250 East River Rd. The meeting is open only to members* and GEH interns.
		There is a visitors gallery from which you will be able to see the laser on one side and the experimental area on the other.
		Currently imaging specialist and staff photographer at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics, he has provided photography and other support for the laser-fusion experiments since 1979.
	www.rit.edu /~andpph/tphs/2005-meeting-october.html (540 words)

	Laboratory for Laser Energetics
		LLE was established in 1970 as a center for the investigation of the interaction of intense radiation with matter.
		LLE was featured on the television program The Daily Planet.
		In July 2006, scientists at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) achieved a major breakthrough in laser-fusion research that could have a significant impact on future energy production.
	www.lle.rochester.edu (156 words)

	ANS : Store : Electronic Articles
		A high-energy petawatt laser, OMEGA EP, is currently under construction at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics.
		Integrated into the existing OMEGA laser, it will support three major areas of research: (a) backlighting of high-energy-density plasmas, (b) integrated fast ignition experiments, and (c) high-intensity physics.
		The laser will provide two beams combined collinearly and coaxially with short pulses (~1 to 100 ps) and high energy (2.6 kJ at 10 ps).
	www.ans.org /store/index.cgi?i=E100000-fst-49-3-367-373 (175 words)

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