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Topic: Laboratory mice

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	Biomethodology of the Mouse - Animal Research - The University of Iowa
		Most mice are housed in shoebox cages composed of polycarbonate material (picture) with a wire bar lid used to hold the water bottle and feed.
		Mice less than two weeks of age can be handled by grasping the loose skin over the neck and shoulder with thumb and forefinger or smooth tipped forceps (picture).
		Mice that are moved indoors can be transported in their cage after removing the water bottle (if present) and placing it upright in the cage lid to prevent spillage (picture).
	research.uiowa.edu /animal/?get=mouse (1952 words)

	Care of Mice and Rats
		Mice are timid, social and territorial animals that spend a disproportionate amount of time in the wild pursuing an omnivorous (animal and plant material)diet.
		Laboratory and pet mice are not strictly nocturnal (night-active) but tend to exhibit alternating periods of activity and rest throughout the day and night.
		Mice and rats with this problem must have their overgrown incisors trimmed periodically by an experienced veterinarian or veterinary technician.
	www.ahc.umn.edu /rar/MNAALAS/MiceRat.html (4870 words)

	Animals - Laboratory Mice
		The laboratory Mice are mostly purely gentle, not biting and man can very easy manipulate with it.
		Thus these fed mice wont embody periodic increases as at feeding syntetic diets, but their food will be sufficient.
		We insert the mice, in the age at least of 3 months, to breeding, when they are physical forward.
	www.sweb.cz /exola/animalsmice.htm (776 words)

	House mouse Summary
		Laboratory mice are strains of house mice that form important model organisms in biology and medicine; they are the most commonly used laboratory mammal.
		Mice are convenient in research because their physiology is similar to that of humans (though rats are a better models for certain diseases) and their short life cycle makes breeding easy.
		Knockout mice, where a specific gene was made inoperable by a technique known as gene knockout; the aim is to study the function of the gene's product or to simulate a human disease.
	www.bookrags.com /House_mouse (2581 words)

	AWIC Bulletin: Evaluation of Environmental Enrichment for Laboratory Mice
		Mice and rats, being social animals, are often housed in groups, although this is not a natural way of living for the males.
		In the next part, an overview is given of the results of a series of experiments in which environmental enrichment for laboratory mice was evaluated (23).
		But in general, the mice showed a preference for cages with a nest box made of grid metal or of perforated metal; these materials allow olfactory cues to pass (26).
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/newsletters/v9n3/9n3weerd.htm (2506 words)

	Air Pollution, High-Fat Diet Cause Atherosclerosis in Laboratory Mice, December 22, 2005 News Release - National ...
		Test results with laboratory mice show a direct cause-and-effect link between exposure to fine particle air pollution and the development of atherosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries.
		Mice that were fed a high-fat diet and exposed to air with fine particles had 1.5 times more plaque production than mice fed the same diet and exposed to clean filtered air.
		Mice from both groups were then exposed to either concentrated air particles or clean, filtered air for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 6 months.
	www.nih.gov /news/pr/dec2005/niehs-22.htm (976 words)

	A Home For A Mouse
		Mice are good jumpers and climbers and will climb anything with a surface rough enough to give them a hold: cloth, brickwork, and wire grids are only a few examples.
		For laboratory mice, water nipple systems can be satisfactory provided they are regularly checked, but they are expensive and impractical with the most commonly used type of cage.
		Mice from some inbred strains are quiet, peaceable animals that show little inclination to fight, while mice from other strains are assertive, pushy animals who readily become aggressive (Scott and Fredrickson, 1951).
	www.psyeta.org /hia/vol8/lawlor.html (4427 words)

	Slow
		As a laboratory control, we chose not to use a standard inbred stock, because these are known to be less long-lived than genetically heterogeneous mice, and instead used a stock ("DC") that derives an equal amount of its genes from each of four laboratory stocks, C57BL/6, BALB/c, C3H/He, and DBA/2.
		Mice of the Ma stock showed a peculiar pattern, with no change in the mortality curve until about half of the mice were dead, and then a delay in mortality in the remaining half of the mice.
		We are also conducting a series of studies of the effects of caloric restriction on mutant mice of the Ames dwarf (df/df), Snell dwarf (dw/dw), and GH-receptor knockout mice, in collaboration with Andrzej Bartke and John Kopchick; these studies are presented in the section on gene expression.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~millerr/Mutant_mice.htm (1240 words)

	VSC 443/543 (U of A) Diseases of Laboratory Rodents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mice are the primary host for this virus, while hamsters are an important secondary host since they also develop chronic viremia and viruria.
		In mice, in utero or perinatal infections produce a persistent, subclinical infection with life-long viremia and shedding of virus in urine, saliva and milk.
		Mice that are immunosuppressed, either by exogenous therapy or by virtue of a hereditary immunological defect, may develop a fatal pneumonia.
	www.uac.arizona.edu /notes/classes/rodentdisease/rodentdis.html (5394 words)

	NIEHS Press Release - Component in Soy Products Causes Reproductive Problems in Laboratory Mice - 10 January 2006
		Mice treated with the high dose (Gen 50 mg/kg) were infertile and mice treated with lower doses were subfertile, meaning they had fewer pups in each litter, and fewer pregnancies.
		Mice receiving the highest level of genistein, 50 mg/kg per day, had a high percentage of egg cells that remain in clusters, unable to separate and therefore develop abnormally.
		The largest difference between the genistein treated and normal mice was found at six days of age where 57 percent of the egg cells in the non-treated ovaries were single or unclustered; and only 36 percent in the genistein treated group were single.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /oc/news/genistein.htm (822 words)

	Mouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mice can be harmful pests, damaging and eating crops and spreading diseases through their parasites and feces.
		Mice generally live on a herbivore diet, but are actually omnivores: they will eat meat, the dead bodies of other mice, and have been observed to self-cannibalise their tails during starvation.
		Mice are common experimental animals in biology and psychology primarily because they are mammals, and thus share a high degree of homology with humans, but can be manipulated in ways that would be considered unethical to do with humans and that is why they test them on mice instead.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mice (1368 words)

	The Jackson Laboratory
		Established in 1929, The Jackson Laboratory is a not-for profit, independent research institution dedicated to studying genetic influences on biological processes and human disease.
		The mission of The Jackson Laboratory is to improve the quality of human life through discoveries arising from our own genetic research and by enabling the research and education of others.
		The Laboratory is committed to advancing worldwide research efforts by training the scientific community and by developing, using, and sharing genetic information, knowledge, and research tools, such as JAX® Mice.
	www.bioresearchonline.com /storefronts/jacksonlab.html (384 words)

	House mouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Laboratory mice belong to strains of house mice and are some of the most important model organisms in biology and medicine; they are by far the most commonly used laboratory animals [1].
		House mice have Harderian glands near their eyes which produce a reddish-brown discharge when the animals are stressed.
		In addition to the regular pea-size thymus organ in the chest, house mice have a second functional pinhead-size thymus organ in the neck next to the trachea, as was reported in (Terszowski 2006).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laboratory_mice (2119 words)

	BEHAVIOUR OF LABORATORY MICE
		Inbred mice provide a valuable tool for research on behaviour because they are genetically standardized and homogeneous within a strain.
		Much less attention has been devoted to standardizing the behavioural test apparatus, testing protocols, and diverse aspects of the laboratory environment in which the mice are reared.
		It is sometimes taken on faith that apparatus and environmental differences among labs will merely affect the overall mean score on the tests but will nevertheless yield the same pattern of strain differences in each lab.
	web.psych.ualberta.ca /~wahlsten/mice.html (349 words)

	genome.gov \| 1997 Release: Dishevelled-1 Knockout Mice
		In addition, these mutant mice have abnormalities in sensorimotor gating -- a process believed to be important in animals for filtering the multitude of stimuli that constantly bombard their senses and allowing them to focus on one stimulus at a time.
		Control mice are genetically identical to the mutant mice except for their normal dishevelled-1 gene.
		The researchers decided to study the mouse gene because it is structurally similar to others in a family of genes found throughout the animal kingdom and thought to play a basic role in early development.
	www.genome.gov /10000668 (694 words)

	Mice & Rats - Animal Hospitals-USA
		Consequently, their medical problems (many of which are inherited disorders resulting from intensive inbreeding) have been traditionally approached on a group basis rather than on an individual basis.
		Mice: The mouse, bearing the scientific name Mus musculus (interesting in light of the fact that the Great Blue Whale's scientific name is Balenoptera musculus, is thought to have originated in Asia.
		Human Allergies to Pet Mice and Rats: Human allergies to rodents are common.
	www.animalhospitals-usa.com /small_pets/mice___rats.html (778 words)

	Heleen Ariane van de Weerd: Environmental enrichment for laboratory mice: preferences and consequences
		Effects of enrichment on the behaviour of the mice were found, although the effects differed per strain.
		The preferences of the mice for six different types of nesting material and six nest boxes made of different materials were evaluated.
		In order to further investigate the effects of enrichment on the behaviour of laboratory mice the mice were tested in an open field test.
	igitur-archive.library.uu.nl /dissertations/01801846/inhoud.htm (721 words)

	Researchers add mice to list of creatures that sing in the presence of mates
		Holy and study co-author Zhongsheng Guo, a programmer in his lab, came to be interested in the mice's vocalizations via the Holy lab's studies of the response evoked in the male mouse's brain by female mouse pheromones.
		Likely areas for follow-up investigation include the question of whether wild mice vocalize in the same manner as laboratory mice, which have been kept and bred inside laboratories for more than a century.
		"If these processes occur in mice, it may be a little bit easier to study the genetic factors that underlie song-learning in mice, because we already have a completed mouse genome, and the mouse is well-suited for genetic studies," he says.
	mednews.wustl.edu /news/page/normal/6040.html (829 words)

	INFECTIOUS AGENTS OF MICE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Adoptive transfer of T cells from immune mice to subclinically infected mice leads to disease (lymphocytic choriomeningitis) and death.
		Disease: Sendai virus is the most clinically significant virus infection in laboratory mice because of its prevalence and likelihood to cause clinical disease in mice of all ages.
		Disease: sporadic outbreaks of necrotizing enterocolitis in post-weaning mice and lactating mice.
	www.afip.org /vetpath/POLA/99/LaAnInfDzMo.htm (3672 words)

	JAX Mice and Services - The Jackson Laboratory
		Mice are the world's best characterized and most widely published strains, and include the only available sequenced mice.
		Mice, you access a wealth of mouse genetic, phenotypic, and disease informatics resources.
		Mice are maintained under rigorous genetic quality and animal health programs, and our JAX
	jaxmice.jax.org (209 words)

	Tyzzer's text
		Thus, infection of mice is most likely to take place through exposure to a mouse or rodent isolate.
		Clinical Signs: As with all infectious diseases in mice, disease susceptibility varies with genetic background of the mouse, immune status of the mouse, and virulence of the pathogen.
		Mice can be quarantined and re-derived, with the caveat that transplacental transmission can potentially take place.
	ccm.ucdavis.edu /tyzzer (821 words)

	USATODAY.com - Laboratory mice provide windfall for biotech firm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Medarex, which has laboratories in Bloomsbury, N.J., and in Milpitas and Sunnyvale, Calif., was founded in 1987 specifically to do work on monoclonal antibodies, which are made by repeatedly cloning, or copying, cells that make one specific antibody.
		The "transgenic" mice, bred from standard brown ones used in research labs around the world, are altered by inactivating two key genes and adding two human genes, said Nils Lonberg, GenPharm's top scientist and now scientific director of Medarex.
		The company's collaborators then use those antibodies for their own research, or sometimes have the mice shipped overnight to them once they have begun producing antibodies.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/biotech/2004-10-29-lab-mice-windfall_x.htm (1158 words)

	IngentaConnect Behaviour of laboratory mice in different housing conditions when... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Standard cages prevent mice from performing several natural behaviours for which they are motivated.
		During three consecutive periods, mice had access to only water (control), water or an anxiolytic solution on a daily alternating schedule (forced consumption), and finally, both water and anxiolytic (self-administration).
		There was an overall effect of anxiolytic availability on rest-related behaviours and on exploration-locomotion behaviours, in that mice rested more and spent less time on exploration and locomotion when they were able to self-administer the anxiolytic.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/rsm/lab/2006/00000040/00000004/art00006 (411 words)

	Role of Laboratory Animal Studies
		To project future health risks of DES exposure, scientists are conducting animal studies with laboratory mice.
		Using laboratory animal models allows scientists to pursue hypotheses that are not possible to research in humans.
		Although laboratory animal studies can often predict human health effects, because of differences between humans and mice, the results of laboratory animal studies are not always transferable to humans.
	www.cdc.gov /des/consumers/research/understanding_lab.html (171 words)

	Severity of Group B Streptococcal Arthritis in Selected Strains of Laboratory Mice -- Puliti et al. 69 (1): 551 -- ...
		For panels B and C, the values are the means ± standard deviations of three separate experiments, each performed with 10 animals per mouse strain.
		Three mice per strain were sacrificed at each time point.
		The results are expressed as the number of CFU per ml of blood or per ml of joint homogenate.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/1/551 (1660 words)

	ScienceDaily: Component In Soy Products Causes Reproductive Problems In Laboratory Mice
		Increased Uterine Cancer Seen In Mice Injected With Genistein, A Soy Estrogen, As Newborns (June 7, 2001) -- Infant mice given genistein developed cancer of the uterus later in life, scientists at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences reported today.
		Soy Extract Reduces Prostate Cancer Growth In Mice, Cell Culture, UD Davis Study Finds (June 4, 2001) -- Studies performed by researchers at the UC Davis Cancer Center showed that genistein, a chemical found in soy, slowed prostate cancer growth in mice and caused prostate cancer cells to...
		Soy Processing Influences Estrogen-dependent Breast Cancer Growth In Mice (May 7, 2004) -- Highly purified soy foods and soy supplements marketed in the United States may stimulate the growth of pre-existing estrogen-dependent breast tumors, according to a study done at the University of...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060110225739.htm (1988 words)

	The Oakland Press: Auto/Business: Laboratory mice provide windfall for biotech firm
		The company went public in 1991 and has raised about$1 billion to fund its research, but the early going was tough.
		Medarex researchers then put the antibody-making cells from the mice into special nutrients inside a vessel much like a beer-brewing vat so they multiply - producing the monoclonal antibodies.
		The company's main competitor, Abgenix Inc. of Fremont, Calif., also has created mice that can produce human antibodies, and also is developing antibody drugs on its own and with collaborators.
	www.theoaklandpress.com /stories/103004/bus_20041030014.shtml (797 words)

	Amazon.com: World as Laboratory: Experiments with Mice, Mazes, and Men: Books: Rebecca Lemov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The "thriller" part of the book, of course is Chapter 10's "The Impossible Experiment" documenting the CIA's brainwashing and drug experiments which rank among the most putrid of shames ever perpitrated upon American citizens by their own government.
		It is an extraordinary story about very smart guys doing experiments, some of which were quite stupid and some which caused a great deal of suffering (to both animals and humans) to see how subjects could be made to learn the right way to behave.
		"World as Laboratory" turned out to be a fascinating look into how scientists have tried, over the last several decades, to categorize and shape human behavior.
	www.amazon.com /World-Laboratory-Experiments-Mice-Mazes/dp/0809074648 (2093 words)

	ScienceDaily: Artificial Light At Night Stimulates Breast Cancer Growth In Laboratory Mice
		Results from a new study in laboratory mice show that nighttime exposure to artificial light stimulated the growth of human breast tumors by suppressing the levels of a key hormone called melatonin.
		To test this hypothesis, the researchers injected human breast cancer cells into laboratory mice.
		Potent Experimental Drug Shown To Slow The Growth Of Breast And Prostate Cancer Tumors In Mice (August 13, 2002) -- In recent years, laboratory discoveries have led to the development of new drugs designed to target and attack cancer cells, leaving healthy ones intact.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/12/051220182239.htm (2047 words)

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