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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Labour power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Labour power (in German: Arbeitskraft, or labour force) is a crucial concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.
		Labour power is a peculiar commodity, because it is an attribute of living persons, who own it themselves.
		Labour power can become a marketable object, sold for a specific period, only if the owners are constituted in law as legal subjects who are free to sell it, and can enter into labour contracts.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Labour-power (441 words)

	Manifesto against Labour - Gruppe Krisis
		Selling the commodity labour power in the 21st century is as promising as the sale of stagecoaches has proved to be in the 20th century.
		The imposition of labour on all members of society is nothing but the generalisation of a life in bondage; and the modern worship of labour is merely the quasi-religious transfiguration of the actual social conditions.
		Labour administration turns out to be a coercive system that has always organised social apartheid and seeks in vain to banish the crisis by means of democratic state slavery.
	members.blackbox.net /oebgdk/krisis_manifest-englisch.html (17114 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Labour power (in German: Arbeitskraft, or labour force) is a crucial concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of capitalist political economy.
		Neoclassical economists sometimes refer to this as "labour services." On the other hand, "labour-power" (or "labouring power") refers to a person's ability to work, his or her muscle-power, dexterity and brain-power.
		When labour power has been purchased and an employment contract signed, normally it is not yet paid for.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=labour_power (2421 words)

	The Nature of Work — LastSuperpower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There is also no doubt that such revolutionary regents, the final result of which is the abolition of the old division of labour, are diametrically opposed to the capitalistic form of production, and to the economic status of the labourer corresponding to that form.
		Labour being as proper for the bodies' health as eating is for its living; for what pains a man saves by ease, he will find in disease....
		Labour is being performed, whether or not the person performing it is forced to perform it or not.
	www.lastsuperpower.net /disc/members/535201136607/0361803115417/view (2675 words)

	Labor power
		Labour is, in the first place, a process in which both humans and Nature participate, and in which a person of her own accord starts, regulates, and controls the material re-actions between herself and Nature.
		In all societies in which there is a division of labour, there is a social surplus; what is different about bourgeois society is that surplus value takes the form of capital, and surplus value is in fact the essence of production in capitalism.
		Because of the complexity of the labour process, the individual unit of capital must invest in purchasing means of production, c, so they are never able to realise the full rate of surplus value as profit.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mfridell/labor_power.htm (1345 words)

	Chapter Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value of Das Kapital by Karl Marx
		In this chapter, as hitherto, the value of labour-power, and therefore the part of the workingday necessary for the reproduction or maintenance of that labour-power, are supposed to be given, constant magnitudes.
		The mass of the surplusvalue produced is therefore equal to the surplusvalue which the workingday of one labourer supplies multiplied by the number of labourers employed.
		Diminution of the variable capital may therefore be compensated by a proportionate rise in the degree of exploitation of labour- power, or the decrease in the number of the labourers employed by a proportionate extension of the workingday.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/261/1294/24746/1.html (715 words)

	Economic Manuscripts: Capital Vol. I - Chapter Six
		By labour-power or capacity for labour is to be understood the aggregate of those mental and physical capabilities existing in a human being, which he exercises whenever he produces a use-value of any description.
		If his capacity for labour remains unsold, the labourer derives no benefit from it, but rather he will feel it to be a cruel nature-imposed necessity that this capacity has cost for its production a definite amount of the means of subsistence and that it will continue to do so for its reproduction.
		By means of advances, repayable in labour, which are handed down from generation to generation, not only the individual labourer, but his family, become, de facto, the property of other persons and their families.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch06.htm (3581 words)

	Theory of Surplus Labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For Marx surplus labour is the extra labour produced by a worker for his employer, to be put towards capital accumulation.
		The more surplus labour the workers contribute the more competition they will have for their own jobs and the worse they will be.
		It consists in the fact that living labour serves accumulated labour as the means of preserving and multiplying its exchange value." (11) Capital relies on surplus-labour to preserve and multiply it, even while, as explained above, the profits from the increased capital are constantly diminishing.
	www.smokylake.com /Christy/concerns/surpluslabour.htm (1193 words)

	Marx's Wage Labour and Capital
		Their power to slice through the fog of mystique, confusion and distortion which passes for contemporary news and commentary can be both astonishing and inspiring.
		Labour is not even reckoned as part of normal life, it is rather a sacrifice of their life.
		Yes, capital consists of “raw materials, instruments of labour and means of subsistence which are utilised to produce new raw materials, new instruments of labour and new means of subsistence”.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/feb04/marx'swagelabourandcapital.html (1926 words)

	[No title]
		By labour power or capacity for labour is to be understood the aggregate of those mental and physical capabilities existing in a human being which he exercises whenever he produces a use value of any description.
		When we speak of labour, or capacity for labour, we speak at the same time of the labourer and his means of subsistence, of labourer and wages."(10) When we speak of capacity for labour, we do not speak of labour*, any more than when we speak of capacity for digestion, we speak of digestion.
		The capitalist epoch is therefore characterised by this, that labour-power takes in the eyes of the labourer himself the form of a commodity which is his property; his labour consequently becomes wage labour.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/marx/cap1/chap06 (3224 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Comment is free \| Cameron wants the women who keep Labour in power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The polls show that the public is not as quickly impressed by his turn to the centre, or even the collarless bicycling, as we in the media.
		Labour has depended on the female vote in a striking way; and because older people are much likelier to vote than younger ones, that has meant a dependence on older women.
		We know that Labour has a succession war going on, and that it is not a pretty sight.
	www.guardian.co.uk /commentisfree/story/0,,1745531,00.html (1172 words)

	Karl Kautsky: Economic Doctrines of Marx (Publisher's Note) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		KARL KAUTSKY, at the height of his powers, was one of the greatest Marxist scholars.
		It is, however, work done (labour) rather than capacity to work (labour-power) which imparts value to commodities.
		The new student needs to bear in mind that what the wage-earner is normally paid for any period of labour always falls short of the value created by him in that time.
	www.marxists.org /archive/kautsky/1903/economic/note.htm (370 words)

	Special report: thinktanks \| Special Reports \| Guardian Unlimited Politics
		December 13: Labour must rethink its policies on schools and taxation if it is to confront a revitalised Conservative party, one of Tony Blair's closest advisers will argue tomorrow.
		August 19: A leading Labour thinktank has called for the Church of England's preferential status to end and for its bishops to the lose the right to sit in the House of Lords.
		April 14: The 'personalisation' of public services is emerging as Labour's big idea for a third term in government and has the potential to be as far-reaching as privatisation was for the Conservatives, an influential thinktank says today.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /thinktanks (2331 words)

	Labour versus Capital
		Voluntary labour and wage-labour are both labour processes which are capable of existence independently of the other and of providing for all the needs of the community without the aid of any other principle.
		The very idea of voluntary labour is antithetical to trade unionism, whose principle is that people should be paid for what they do, and it is difficult to see how the trade unions in themselves can do anything which steps outside the system of wage-labour.
		The socialisation of women's Labour: I do not believe there is any basis for the proposition that women are any less inclined to unionism than men, but the growth in the number of women in the workforce is often cited as a problem for unions.
	home.mira.net /~andy/works/clash.htm (5250 words)

	Behind New Labour's Power Struggle \| The Socialist 18 September 2004
		Britain's low-wage economy and sweated labour, together with the City of London's role as a major earner of income from 'services' in the financial sector, have provided a cushion against unfavourable economic winds from abroad.
		This requires a leadership at all levels of the labour movement equal to the temper of the working class - which is angry and embittered at what they are forced to accept.
		New Labour's Scottish First Minister, Jack McConnell, equally declared in favour of treading in the footsteps of his mentor Blair, which heralds the limitation or ending of concessions to Scotland's workers.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /2004/362/mp6.htm (2338 words)

	Province of Manitoba \| Labour Relations \| Power Engineer
		Supervises the operation of a power plant during an assigned period.
		Comprehensive knowledge of principles, practices and techniques of power plant operation and the maintenance of associated equipment.
		Valid 5th Class Power Engineer's certificate or equivalent (fireman or restricted 5th class certificate), with three years of experience in building maintenance.
	www.gov.mb.ca /finance/labour/class/specs/powereng.html (565 words)

	EMIRE: FRANCE - LABOUR DEMAND
		The labour demand emanates from enterprises and is determined from the marginal product in labour value, and hence actually fixed by the operating conditions of enterprises.
		Marxian analyses hold that the object of exchange is not labour but labour power; what is exchanged is, therefore, a potential which is not precisely defined.
		This turns the worker, who from the perspective of neoclassical economics is a supplier of labour, into a demander of employment, that is, a demander of a job or post as a means of utilizing his or her labour power.
	www.eurofound.ie /emire/FRANCE/LABOURDEMAND-FR.html (224 words)

	Glossary of Terms: La
		The quantitative aspect of that act of measuring the labour of one against the labour of another is the determination of value.
		There can be no doubt that the labour theory of value tells us important things about the way people relate to one another in bourgeois society and the growth of these relations into entities which take on the appearance of objective laws of nature.
		The labour of an animal or a slave and equally that of a distant foreigner is consumed as such, adding value according to the cost of acquiring it, and does not create labour.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/l/a.htm (5956 words)

	EMIRE: GREECE - WORKFORCE/LABOUR POWER
		The employed workforce (or labour force) of an entire society is called the working population (απασχολουμενοζ πληθυσμοζ or εργαζομενοζ).
		The term is also used in the sense of "labour power": an individual's capacity for work, i.e.
		The workforce (in the sense of labour force) is considered to be the basic element of production, the most valuable asset at an enterprise's disposal.
	www.eurofound.ie /emire/GREECE/WORKFORCELABOURPOWER-GR.html (175 words)

	Jack Yan: the Persuader Blog: Labour goes power-mad, deems stealing legal
		It looks like New Zealand, with all our pride about being ﬁrst in giving women the right to vote, or voting a transsexual into public ofﬁce, is a few centuries behind the States on a sense of the rule of law—and are engaging in the sort of thing that feudal lords did.
		Still, the National Party misspent in the region of $11,912—not Labour’s $824,524 or New Zealand First’s $157,934 (which that party challenges and has so far refused to pay back), meaning the parties in power are the two that have stolen an election and have been caught with their hands in the cookie jar.
		I can only hope that we get these corrupt liberals out of power here—they are dangerous for business, and now, they are dangerous for the rule of law.
	www.jackyan.com /blog/2006/10/labour-goes-power-mad-deems-stealing.html (676 words)

	Alteration in the Law on the Allocation of Labour Power by Intermediaries (wijziging van de Wet Allocatie ...
		Alteration in the Law on the Allocation of Labour Power by Intermediaries (wijziging van de Wet Allocatie Arbeidskrachten door Intermediairs, WAADI).
		Please enter our homepage for instant access to a large number of other records and topics on the policy field and/or country you are interested in.
		The Law on Allocation of Labour Power by Intermediaries came into force in July 1998 with the aim to increase flexibility of the labour market.
	www.reformmonitor.org /httpd-cache/doc_reports_2-2759.html (466 words)

	Monbiot.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The emerging disaster at Dounreay is a powerful argument for open government.
		Some of the arguments against nuclear power are no longer valid, but it remains the wrong technology.
		Labour’s first full-scale privatisation involves the multiple fleecing of the taxpayer
	www.monbiot.com (819 words)

	Pakistan Trade Union Defence Campaign
		The All-Pakistan Labour Conference was held in Rawalpindi on December 19, 2006, bringing together some 500 delegates from unions and workers' associations from all across Pakistan.
		The goal of the conference was to unite the working class under one banner and to offer a solution to the problems and misery of the people in the struggle for socialism.
		The event was held in protest at the banning of trade union in education, against the Labour Unions and Industrial Relations Ordinance (IRO) 2002 and to work towards unity of all sectors concerned.
	www.ptudc.org (584 words)

	Policy-making in the Labour Party: The Labour Party: the future of Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These pages explain how policy is made in the party though Partnership in Power, highlight the improvements to PiP agreed at Annual Conference 2005, describe the institutions that drive the process and show how all party stakeholders can best engage on the party’s policy development work.
		These are the areas on which the party is seeking the views of local parties, members, affiliates and the wider community.
		It is now eight years since Partnership in Power was established at conference in 1997.
	www.labour.org.uk /351 (327 words)

	Building a New Jerusalem?: Labour in Power 1945-51, Part I
		Facing a stark set of choices between building a Welfare State or stimulating business and industry, Barnett argues that the Labour Government chose the former at the expense of the latter, with very deleterious results.
		Instead of arguing that the Labour Government of 1945-1951 was a watershed Government, Harris points out that there was much greater conformity than dramatic social change.
		As a result of the war, "principles of equality, social cohesion [and] the breaking down of old time-worn class-barriers" were emphasized in place of the internecine conflicts of the Interwar period.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_history/23159 (417 words)

	Our policies : The Labour Party: the future of Britain
		It believes that by the strength of our common endeavour we achieve more than we achieve alone, so as to create for each of us the means to realise our true potential and for all of us a community in which power, wealth and opportunity are in the hands of the many, not the few.’
		Those democratic values have guided us through nine years in government: everything from the large canvas of economic stability, full employment and record investment in public services, to the fine detail of the minimum wage, free museum entry and civil partnerships.
		Promoted by Peter Watt, General Secretary, the Labour Party on behalf of the Labour Party, both at 39 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HA.
	www.labour.org.uk /ourpolicies (293 words)

	Special Reports \| Guardian Unlimited Politics
		You have more power than you think to unlock information from public bodies.
		Full coverage of the vote that gave Labour a third term in government for the first time.
		A new parliament and a new politics - read reports from the nation where Labour doesn't hold power alone.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /specialreports (1046 words)

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